CITY OF RIDGECREST CITY EMERGENCY PLAN I. _Planning Basis (CONT'D)_ E. _Assumptions - War Emergency_ (Cont'd) 4. There is no way of knowing the_exact_nature of potential enemy intentions or precise capabilities for attack. 5. The overall resource requirements of a WAR EMERGENCY are vastly greater than those of a major peacetime emergency. Although control and recovery tasks are similar in many respects, there are major difference. These differences must be recongnized, identified, and planned for. 6. Civil governemnts can meet their operational objectives if automatic and coordinated responses are based on contingency plans and preparations which foresee actual emergency conditions. 7. Individual, family, and mass public responses to information, advice, and action instructions from civil authorities would futher influence the abilities of civil governments to respond effectively in an emergency. F. _Assumptions - Major Peacetime Emergencies_ In a major peacetime emergency, the following assumptions apply: 1. Mobilization of the entire emergency oranization may not be necessary. 2. Areas affected are usually geographically limited. 3. Mormal facilities and systems could be seriously overload and/or over- crowded. 4. Special task force organizations may be required to meet special situations. 5. Mutual aid from unaffected areas would be available and could be focused on the disater area. 6. Fiscal and procurement procurement would be a major concern. -16- Ridgecrest CITY OF RIDGECREST CITY EMERGENCY PLAN _II. OBJECTIVES_ The city emergency organization will plan, prepare for, and conduct operations in order to accomplish the following objectives: A. Provide for continuity of government. B. Provide a basis for direction and control of emergency operations. C. Save lives and protect property. D. Repair and restore essential systems and services. E. Provide for the protection, use, and distribution of remaining resources. F. Coordinate operations with the civil defense/emergency service organizations of other jurisdictions. J. Provide for post _ _ recovery and long term economic recovery. _III. GENERAL PLAN_ A. Operational Concepts - Major Peacetime Emergencies 1. _General_ The potential for a major calamity increases with the continuing urbanization of previously unpopulated areas and with the advent of industrial processes which utilize hazardous materials. The impact of earthquake, fire, and flood magnifies as more and more high-risk land is used to keep up with urban growth. The use of hazardous chemicals in industry and agriculture increases the potential for disaster. Transportation accidents can almost instantaneously produce mass casualties. Social unrest, although initially evidenced by non-violent strikes and demonstrations, can grow to major proportions and erupt into riots resulting in loss of life and destruction of public and private property. Each of these events can tax the resources of any single jurisdiction, requiring partial or complete mobilizations of the emergency organization and the use of interjurisdictional mutual aid. 17 Ridgecrest CITY OF RIDGECREST CITY EMERGENCY PLAN _III. GENERAL PLAN_ (Cont'd) A _Operational Concepts - Major Peacetime Emergencies (Cont'd)_ 2. Basic Emergency Situations The City of Ridgecrest will respond to the following types of emergency situations. a. Earthquake b. Flood c. Fire d. Accident (1) Transportation (2) Industrial e. Civil Disturbance f. Storm g. Pollution h. Epidemic i. Volcanic eruption j. Refugee handling from other areas k. other natural disasters 3. _Warning_ Some types of peacetime emergencies will be preceded by a buildup period which, if recognized and utilized, can provide advance warning to those areas and/or population groups which might be affected (see attachment C). Other emergencies occur without advance warning, thus requiring mobilization and commitment of the emergency organization after the onset of the emergency situation. All agencies of the government must be prepared to respond promptly and effectively to any foreseeable emergency. B. _Operations Schedules - Major Peacetime Emergencies_ In consideration of all possible disaster situations, this plan will be implemented in three stages as time and circumstances permit: 1. _Pre-emergency_ a. City agencies having emergency responsibilities as assigned in Part V of this plan are to prepare service support plans, operating procedures, and checklists detailing the utilization and disposition of their resources in an emergency. 18 Ridgecrest CITY OF RIDGECREST CITY EMERGENCY PLAN _III. GENERAL PLAN (CONT'D)_ B. _Operations Schedules - Major Peacetime Emergencies_ (Cont'd) 1. Pre-emergency (Cont'd) a. Such plans and procedures are to include coordination and communications lines with counterpart organizations of other jurisdictions. Special districts and private sector resources and personnel are identified when such resources and personnel can be related to the emergency responsibilities and functions of a particular emergency service. When an element of the emergency organization includes special district and private sector capabilities among its resources, agreement or resolution for such inclusion will be entered into between the parties concerned. Service plans, SOP's, and checklists written in consonance with this plan and its attachments, upon approval by the City Director, become annexes to this plan. b. In addition to it's emergency plans and procedures, this jurisdiction wll submit a request, signed by the Mayor or City Administrator, to the appropriate agencies, through proper channels, to the Governor when the situatin indicates a need for state mutual aid and a local emergency has been duly proclaimed. At the time the request is made, the OES will be provided with estimates of the severity and extent of damage resulting from the disaster; the amount (in dollars) of public, agricultural, and private (non-agriculture) damage sustained or expected; and the total funds, personnel, equipment, material, or other resources required to alleviate such damage. These estimates will be updated as more factual data becomes available. C. 2. _Emergency_ This stage is divided into three phases as follows: a. _Emergency Possible_. Conditions exist which could result in an "emergency", such as continuing and excessive rainfall, an unusually rapid snowmelt, an uncontrolled wildland fire, or a potential civil disturance. 19 Ridgecrest CITY EMERGENCY PLAN B. _Operations Schedules - Major Peacetime Emergencies (Cont'd)_ 2. Emergency (Cont'd) As this situation develops into a threat to life and property, the City Director will evaluate the information, decide upon and initiate appropriate local response. If appropriate, the Kern County Coordinator of Emergency Service and in turn, the OES Regional Office will be notified and given all available information as to the kind of threat, its imminence, potential severity, area to be affected, and associated problems. Subsequent reports will include action being planned or taken and anticipated deficiencies in critical emergency resources. The OES Regional Manager will contact the Director, OES, in anticipation of the need to coordinate mutual aid and other remedial measures. OES and the Regional Office will ensure that appropriate state and federal emergency action agencies are alerted and informed. All involved City agencies will put their emergency plans into limited operation. This will include alerting key personnel, assuring readiness of essential resources, and preparing to move resources to the threatened area when required, keeping the affected populace currently informed of changing conditions and providing them with preparatory instructions. City emergency action agencies will coordinate with their county counterparts as required to ensure general readiness and to ascertain local deficiencies that may need to be supplemented from other sources. b. _Emergency Expected_ This phase begins when an evaluation of the potential situation indicates that it appears to be a matter of "when" rather that "if" emergency conditions will exist. The City Director will immediately put emergency plans into full operation and conduct operations as follows: (1) Alert threatened elements of the populace and initiate evacuation as necessary. 20 Ridgecrest CITY OF RIDGECREST CITY EMERGENCY PLAN B. _Operations Schedules - Major Peacetime Emergencies (Cont'd)_ b. _Emergency Expected_ (2) Advise appropriate city emergency services to activate all needed and available resources, advise the Director where resources appear insufficient, and prepare for receipt and application of mutual aid. (3) If determined that state and possible federal aid will be needed, proclaim or have the City Council proclaim a "Local Emergency" as prescribed in the city ordinance, and submit a formal request through OES for the Governor to proclaim a "state of emergency". Such request will be in the form referred to in l.b., above. However, it can be preceded by a verbal request, provided a "local emergency" has been duly proclaimed. As provided in the State Peacetime Emergency Plan, state agencies on advice from OES, will provide maximum available departmental assistance to threatened or stricken communities. Appropriate state agency representatives will establish liaison with their county agency counterparts to relay intelligence and mutual aid requests. The OES regional manager will coordinate intra-regional mutual aid and state assistance as necessary through the County Operational Area Coordinator. Should the possible or expected emergency not develop, the City Director will take steps to assure that ALL alerted agencies are promptly notified of this new change in conditions. c. _Emergency Onset_ This phase exists upon occurrence of an emergency in such force as to be beyond local capabilities, resulting in a need for interjurisdictional mutual aid, thus necessitating a proclamation of a "Local Emergency", if not previously accomplished. A catastrophe striking with minimal(oz no wizning, such as an earthquake or massive accidmnt,(will(i}|omi|ikilly(iné|ii|m(ixxzopriate(action{(xrescribel(foz(thm(|o(xzioz(xhi{m{. (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((:1 Ridgecrest € €€ˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆˆ €€€€€ CITY(OF RIDOECRM[\ ((( ((((((((((((((((((((KI\Y(MMMZOMNKY(XLAN J.((_Oxmzi|ion{([khmlýìí(-¨Íéêïú¨Xíikm|imm¨Ííízomnkims((Cont'd)_ (( (( c. Emmrgency(On{et (Kon|/d) ( ( ((((( ( \he(na|uze of zmmelial(oxmzi|ion{(i{(líømnlmn|(}xon(|hí¨ëèéúik|mzi{|ik{(inl(zmyýézmmmnt{ of |`e si|}i|ion.((\hm(mmmzomnky(ozoinizi|mon(i{(o}|lmnml(in(Xiz|(I^,ill(jm mojilizml(i{(zmy}izml(|o(kopm with the specinic situation. Each({mz~ikm,(hmn(mojilizml,(ill(oxmúéüí¨éëëïúìéîï(|o(üèí¨øúovi{ion{(on(i|{({mz~ikm(innmx(inl/or(pertinmnt [OX{ i{sgciated therewith. Prioratq will be gavef to operations such as the fgllwi~g: 0 (1) Surve{ and evalucve the emergency situation and advise the Director. (2) Establish _ _ Communication Network (Public _ _ and Volunteers). (3+ Mobilize, allocate, and posivkon manpower and materials. (4) Produce and disseminate warning, emergency information, advice and action instructions to the public. (5) Provide for evacuation and/or rescue as required. "" 86) Provide for care and treatment of casualties. (7) Coordinate with the American National Red Cross for the care of people. (Includes actions such as delivering swrvivan"surp|ies. caring for displaced"persons, registering casualties and displaced persons, receiving and answering inquiries.) (8) Enforce police powgrs in controlling the locations"cnd movements of people, establishing pass and entry"controls, grecting traffic barriers, etc. (9) Implement health and safety measures. (90) Protect, control, and allocate vital resources. (11) Advise industry, schools, and business of possible phased shutdowns. (12) Res|ore or activate essential facilities and systems. 22 Ridgecrest CITY OF RIDGECREST CITY EMERGENCY PLAN _III. GENERAL PLAN (CONT'D)_ B. _Operations Schedules(- Major Peacetimm Emmrgencies (Kont'd)_ 2.((_Emmrgency_ c. Emergency Onset (cont'd) When local resources are committed to the maximum, and additional material and/or manpower are requized to control or alleviate the emergency, a request for mutual aid will be initiated. Chief of Fire and Law Enforcement Services may request or render mutual aid directly through established service channels; however, any action which involves financial outlay by the City or a request for miLiTary assistance must be authorized by the City DIrector. 3. _POst-Emergency_ This state has three major objectives: temporary means to reinstate family autonomy and provide essential public facilities and services; permanent restoration of private and public property, along with reinstatement of public services; reconnaisance or on-the-scene investigations and research to uncover residual hazards, advance knowledge of disaster phenomena, and provide information to improve future emergency operations. These objectives may be over-lapping but the needs will be treated in the following priorities: a _AllevIation_ (1) MAintain family autonomy whenever possible, by providing temporary housing and/or minor repairs to restore permanent housing, means of sustenance, essential clothing, unemployment compensation, and personal needs. (2) Re-establish essential public services, including emergency medical care, sewage and garbage disposal, drinking water, gas and electric service, public transportation, telephone service, and opening of roads and schools. b. _Rehabilitation_ (1) Permanent replacement or full renovation of family dwellings and restoration of means of livelihood. (2) Full restoration of public facilities. 23 CITY OF RIDGECREST CITY EMERGENCY PLAN B. _Operations Schedules - Major Peacetime Emergencies (Cont'd)_ 3. _Post-Emergency (Cont'd)_ c. _Reconnaissance_ May be conducted by any agency on its own initiative or on instruction from the Director, depending on the type of emergency, relative conditions, and the agency's involvement in emergency operations. At the earliest feasible time, regardless of stage or phase of emergency, the Director of OES, operating through the State Coordinating Officer, will bring appropriate state agency representatives together with pertinent local, federal, and Red Cross officials to implement coordinated federal and state assistance programs and establish priorities. Each represented agency will take the necessary action to satisfy identified recovery needs. This action will include broad dissemination, through all available media, of guidance to the affected public as to where, when, and how they may receive assistance. Distribution of hand bills may be necessary. d. _Assistance Centers_ The Assistance Center, as outlined in Part 2, Attachment 1, California Emergency Plan, has proven especially effectivfe in meeting needs where large and widespread groups of victims are involved. The Director, in cooperation with the State and Federal Coordination Officers, will evaluate the feasibility of establishing such center (s) in or near the affected area (s) and establish and operate same as necessary. C. _Operational Concepts -- War Emergency_ 1. General The magnitude and unique nature of the survival problems associated with nuclear war deserve special attention. The probability that much of the naiton would be affected in similar manner and at the same time requires that the responses planned to cope with such an event be as uniform as possible. It should also be noted that mutual aid, even where it could b applied, may be limited or unavailable. 24 Ridgecrest CITY OF RIDGECREST CITY EMERGENCY PLAN C. _Operational Concepts - War Emergency (CONT'D)_ 1. _General (Cont'd)_ Since there are a number of possible variations on the situation which could occur, it is necessary to plan in terms of the remedial response appropriate to each. Such planning lends itself to time-phase considerations. Therefore, attention will be given to those actions to be taken before, during, and after the onset of a war emergency. 2. _Warning Conditions_ Three Warning Conditions are prescribed for war emergencies: a. _Stretegic Warning_ -- Enemy-initiated hostilities are imminent. Warning time may vary from several hours to several days and is the basis for initiating Readiness Conditions. (See 3 below) b. _Tactical Warning_ -- An actual attack against this country has been detected. The Attack Warning Signal will be sounded and public announcement made c. _Attack (No Warning)_ -- A weapon has been detonated. General procedures for the receipt and dissemination of warning, and the general characteristics of the warning system, are given in _Attachment C._ Public responses to warning conditions are given in Section D.2.b. of this chapter. 3. _Readines{(Condi|ions_ ( (( ( Internitional events may continue to produce critical situations requiring civil governments to undertake precautionary measures prior to an attack warning. In s}ch({itua|ions, locil(kivilian agencies need to follow standard procedures to: a. Phase from normal peacetime activities to wartime readiness. ( -25- ( Ridgecrmst CITY OF RIDGECREST CITY EMERGENCY PLAN C. _Operational Concepts -- War Emergency_ (Cont'd) 3. _Readiness Conditions (Cont'd)_ b. Make the transition uniformly at each level of government in California; c. Respond automatically and fully, without additional instructions. A series of readiness conditions, numbered inversely from CONDITION FOUR through CONDITION ONE, has been established. Each condition prescribes specific preparatory actions by the emergency organization. Specific actions to be taken under each Readiness Condition are outlined in _Attachment B._ Changes in readiness conditions will be announced by the Governor or his designated representative. Announcement of CONDITION THREE and CONDITION TWO will be made initially over the Department of Justice CLETS teletypewriter network and followed by an official announcement through news media. CONDITION ONE will exist upon proclamation by the Governor or, automatically, upon receipt of Tactical Warning or an Attack. 4. _Operational Considerations_ a. Nuclear Weapon Effects The general categories of nuclear weapon effects are: (1) Heat--a prompt effect which can produce burns on exposed persons and initiate fires over a large area. These fires can later merge and spread into major conflagrations if not promptly controlled, provided sufficient fuel materials are present. (2) Blast--a prompt effect which, by overpressure and high velocity winds, can collapse or seriously damage structures. (3) Radiation--which may be both prompt and residual. Prompt radiation is present at the time of detonation, but is limited to that area subject to severe blast and fire effects. Residual radiation is present -26- Ridgecrest CITY OF RIDGECREST CITY EMERGENCY PLAN C. _Operational Concepts -- War Emergency_ (Cont'd) 3. _Readiness Conditions (Cont'd)_ b. Make the transition uniformly at each level of government in California; c. Respond automatically and fully, without additional instructions. A series of readiness conditions, numbered inversely from CONDITION FOUR through CONDITION ONE, has been established. Each condition prescribes specific preparatory actions by the emergency organization. Specific actions to be taken under each Readiness Condition are outlined in _Attachment B._ Changes in readiness conditions will be announced by the Governor or his designated representative. Announcement of CONDITION THREE and CONDITION TWO will be made initially over the Department of Justice CLETS teletypewriter network and followed by an official announcement through news media. Governor or, automatically, upon receipt of Tactical Warning or am Attack. 4. _Operational Considerations_ a. Nuclear Weapon Effects The general categories of nuclear weapon effects are: (1) Heat--a prompt effect which can produce burns on exposed persons and initiate fires over a large area. These fires can later merge and spread into major conflagrations if not promptly controlled, provided sufficient fuel materials are present. (2) Blast--a prompt effect which, by overpressure and high velocity winds, can collapse or seriosly damage structures. (3) Radiation--which may be both prompt and residual. Prompt radiation is present at the time of detonation, but is limited to that area subject to serve blast and fire effects. Residual radiation is present -26- CITY OF RIDGECREST CITY EMERGENCY PLAN C. _Operational Concepts -- War Emergency (Cont'd)_ 4. _Operational Considerations (Cont'd)_ (3) Radiation (Cont'd) in the immediate crater area of a ground burst and in the fallout area downwind. The fallout area may be hundreds of times larger than the area affected by blast. b. Basic Operating Situations The major _continuing_ hazards are fallout radiation and fire. Therefore, priority remedial operations should be directed toward protection against or control of these threats. Since the feasibility of all post-attack operations will be conditioned by the radiation and fire situations, contingency planning must be based on the existence and degree of risk associated with these hazards. (1) For planning and operational purposes, the radiation situation may be described in three categories, as follows: (a) Negligible (the fallout radiation level never exceeds o.5 r/hr); (b) Moderate (fallout radiation level between 0.5 and 50 r/hr); and (c) Severe (fallout radiation level exceeds 50 r/hr). (2) Similarly, the fire situation may be described in three categories: (a) Negligible (no significant fire problem); (b) Controllable (fire threat to area shelters within the local capability to suppress or confine); and (c) Uncontrollable (beyond the local capability). (3) These situations may occur in various combinations as shown in figures 1 and 2. (see next page) -27- Ridgecrest