(B) or bottom (-B) of buffer nC, -nC move CP n characters forward (C) or back (-C) through buffer nD, -nD delete n characters before (-D) or from (D) the CP E save new file and return to Concurrent CP/M Fstring^Z find character string H save new file, re-edit using new file as the original file I enter insert mode Istring^Z insert string at CP Jsearch_str^Zins_str^Zdel_to_str juxtapose strings nK, -nK ERA accepts ambiguous file specifications. The ERAQ command works like ERA, but prompts you before performing the erasure. ///2EXAMPLES Examples: A>ERA DRAFT.BAK A>ERA B:LETTER.DAT A>ERA C:LETTER.* A>ERA D:*.BAK A>ERA B:*.* ///1ERAQ Syntax: ERAQ filespec ERAQ filespec [XFCB] Explanation: ERAQ erases a file or group of files, prompting you before each deletion. ERAQ accepts ambiguous filenames. The [XFCB] opt shown below: filename d:filename filename.typ d:filename.typ filename;password d:filename;password filename.typ;password d:filename.typ;password Certain Concurrent CP/M commands select and process several files if "wildcard" characters appear in the filename or filetype. The two wildcard characters are ?, which matches a single letter in the same position, and *, which matches any character at that positior your topic, it displays the special prompt HELP> on your screen, followed by a list of subtopics. - Enter ? to display list of main topics. - Enter a period and subtopic name to access subtopics. - Enter a period to redisplay what you just read. - Press the RETURN key to return to the CCP/M system prompt. - [NOPAGE] doesn't stop at 24 lines; console display keeps scrolling. - [LIST] removes extra lines between headings; use with CTRL-P to print. delete (kill) n lines from the CP nL, -nL move CP n lines nMcommand execute command n times n, -n move CP n lines and display that line n: move to line n :ncommand execute command through line n Nstring extended find string O return to original file nP, -nP move CP n lines forward and display n lines at console Q abandon new file, return to Concurrent CP/M R read X$$$$$$$.LIion erases only the extra directory information for passwords. The ERA command works as ERAQ does, but does not prompt you before performing the erasure. ///2EXAMPLES Examples: 1A>ERAQ B:*.CMD B:ABORT CMD ?y B:FUNCTION CMD ?n B:SDIR CMD ?y B:PIP CMD ?y 1A> In the example, the user instructs ERAQ to delete all the files except C:FUNCTION.CMD. 2B>ERAQ myfile.dat [XFCB] The command line above eron and any other characters remaining in the filename or filetype. ///1gencmd Syntax: GENCMD filespec {options} Purpose: Converts hexadecimal object file (filetype assumed to be .H86) into executable file (of type .CMD). Switches controlling the type of memory model and group addresses can be included. All values are hexadecimal and are paragraph values. ///2Examples Examples: A>GENCMD PROG A>GENCMD PROG1 808- Press any key to exit a display and return to the HELP> prompt. Examples: A>HELP A>HELP DATE A>HELP DIR A>HELP>.EXAMPLES A>HELP DIR EXAMPLES HELP>SET HELP>.PASSWORD HELP>SET PASSWORD HELP>. HELP> ///1INITDIR Syntax: INITDIR d: Explanation: INITDIR initializes a directory to allow time and date stamping on a diskette or hard disk. Attempting to enable time aB file into buffer Rfilespec^Z read filespec into buffer Sdelete string^Zinsert string^Z substitute string nT, -nT type n lines U, -U upper-case translation V, -V line numbering on/off 0V display free buffer space nW write n lines to new file 0W write until buffer is half empty nX write or append n lines to X$$$$$$$.LIB nXfilespec^Z write n lines to filespec or append if previous X ases only the password information for the file myfile.dat. First use SET to turn off password protection. ///1FILESPEC Concurrent CP/M identifies every file by its unique file specification. The term "filespec" is an abbreviation for file specification. A filespec can have four parts: d:filename.typ;password d: represents the optional drive specification, which can range from A through P, followed by a colon. 0 A>GENCMD PROG2 DATA[M20] A>GENCMD PROG3 DATA[B4C,M260,XFFF] A>GENCMD PROG4 CODE[A40] DATA[M30] ///2options Syntax: GENCMD filespec {8080 CODE[An,Bn,Mn,Xn] DATA[An,Bn,Mn,Xn] STACK[An,Bn,Mn,Xn] EXTRA[An,Bn,Mn,Xn]} A = Absolute memory location B = Beginning address of group in .H86 file M = Minimum memory required X = Maximum memory require for time and date stamps, INITDIR displays the message: Directory already re-formatted Do you want to recover time/date space (Y/N)? If your directory is full and you previously enabled time and date stamps, you can use INITDIR to free up the directory space. If INITDIR finds time and date stamps in the directory, it displays the following message: Do you want the existing time and date stamps cleared (Y/N)? ///1PIP (copy) Syntax: IP newdraft.txt=oldraft.txt[g1] COPY TO/FROM LOGICAL DEVICES A>PIP b:funfile.sue=con: A>PIP lst:=con: A>PIP lst:=b:draft.txt[t8] A>PIP prn:=b:draft.txt ///2options PIP OPTIONS A Archive. Copy only files that have been changed since the last copy. C Confirm. PIP prompts for confirmation before each file copy. Dn Delete any characters past column n. E Echo transfer to console. F Filter form-feeds from source data. Gter spaces. The T option allows you to expand or compress tab characters. PRINT replaces each tab in a file with enough spaces to position the next character in a column that is divisible by n. PRINT's default setting for tab expansion is eight spaces. o Gn (GET FROM) - n is a user number. The G option allows you to print a file that is not in the current user number. Enter options in square brackets following the filespec for which you wan only one process can use a given printer at a time. When you enter the PRINTER command without a number, the system returns the number of the printer assigned to the current virtual console. To select a printer, enter the PRINTER command followed by the printer number to be attached. Note: Refer to the instruction manual supplied by your hardware manufacturer to determine how many printers your system supports. ///2EXAMPLES Examples: A>PRIN DESTINATION SOURCE PIP d:{Gn} | filespec{[Gn]} = filespec{[o]},... | d:{[o]} Explanation: The file copy program PIP copies files, combines files, and transfers files between disks, printers, consoles, or other devices attached to your computer. The first filespec is the destination. The second filespec is the source. Use two or more source filespecs separated by commas to combine two or more files into one file. [o] is any combination on Get from or go to user n. H Test for valid Hex format. I Ignore :00 Hex data records and test for valid Hex format. K Kill display of filespecs on console. L Translate upper case to lower case. N Number output lines O Object file transfer, ^Z ignored. Pn Set page length to n. (default n=60) Qs^Z Quit copying from source at string s. R Read files that have been set to SYStem. Ss^Z Start copying from the source at the string s. Tn Expand tabs to nt to exercise the option. ///2EXAMPLES Examples: To print more than one copy of a file, repeat the file's filespec on the PRINT command line for each additional copy that you want. 4B>print murphy.txt[g3],murphy.txt[g3],murphy.txt[g3] This example prints three copies of the file MURPHY.TXT in user 3 of drive B. 2B>print *.txt,example.ltr[g0],a:backup.sub[g0s] In the above example, PRINT prints all the files in the current directory witTER ; displays the current printer number Printer Number = 1 A>PRINTER 3 ; sets the current printer number Printer Number = 3 ///1REN Syntax: REN {d:}newname{.typ}=oldname{.typ} Explanation: REN changes the name of the existing file (specified by oldname) to a new name (specified by newname). You cannot specify two different drives. If the file specified by newname is already present in the directory, REN displaf the available options. The [Gn] option in the destination filespec tells PIP to copy your file to that user number. PIP with no command tail displays an * prompt and awaits your series of commands, entered and processed one line at a time. The source or destination can be any CCP/M logical device. ///2Examples COPY A FILE FROM ONE DISK TO ANOTHER A>PIP b:=a:draft.txt A>PIP b:draft.txt = a: B3>PIP myfile.dat=A:[G9] A9>PIP B:[G3]=my spaces. U Translate lower case to upper case. V Verify that data has been written correctly. W Write over Read Only files without console query. Z Zero the parity bit. All options except C,G,K,O,R,V and W force an ASCII file transfer, character by character, terminated by a ^Z. ///1PRINT Syntax: PRINT filename{[options]}{,filename{[options],...} Explanation: The PRINT utility allows you to send the files you enter on a Ph a filetype of TXT, the file EXAMPLE.LTR in user 0, and the SUBMIT file BACKUP.SUB, which has the SYS attribute and is stored in user 0 of drive A. 10A>print abacus.del[g3],*.vrf[t10] angst.sub[sg0] milton.dun The above command causes PRINT to print the file ABACUS.DEL in user 3, and all files with a filetype of VRF in the current directory. PRINT expands the tabs in these files to 10 spaces. PRINT then continues with ANGST.SUB, a SUBMIT file witys the following message on the screen: Not renamed: filename.ext already exists, delete (Y/N)? ///2EXAMPLES Examples: A>REN NEWFILE.DAT=OLDFILE.DAT A>REN B:NEWFILE.DAT=OLDFILE.DAT A>REN B:NEWLIST=OLDLIST A>REN NEWFILE.DAT=OLDFILE.DAT Not renamed: NEWFILE.DAT already exists, delete (Y/N)? Y NEWFILE.DAT=OLDFILE.DAT In the last example, the new filename already exists. The user overrides the error by entering a Y at the prompt. //file.dat COPY A FILE AND RENAME IT A5>PIP newdraft.txt=oldraft.txt C8>PIP b:newdraft.txt=a:oldraft.txt COPY MULTIPLE FILES A>PIP b:=draft.* A>PIP b:=*.* B>PIP b:=c:.*.* C>PIP b:=*.txt[g5] C>PIP a:=*.cmd[wr] B>PIP a:[g3]=c:*.* COMBINE MULTIPLE FILES A>PIP b:new.dat=file1.dat,file2.dat COPY, RENAME AND PLACE IN USER 1 A>pip newdraft.txt[g1]=oldraft.txt COPY, RENAME AND GET FROM USER 1 A>PRINT command line to the printer. You must enter at least one filespec on a PRINT command line. You can enter as many filespecs as will fit on Concurrent CP/M's 128- character command line. PRINT allows you to use wildcard filespecs. On a PRINT command line, separate filespecs with one space or a comma. PRINT Options o S (SYSTEM) - The S option allows you to print a file that has the SYS attribute. o Tn (TAB) - n is a number of charach the SYS attribute in user 0, and finishes with the file MILTON.DUN. Note that commas or spaces are acceptable in separating files. B>print *.* The above command causes PRINT to print all of the files with the DIR attribute in user 0 of drive B. ///1PRINTER Syntax: PRINTER {n} Explanation: PRINTER displays or selects the printer device attached to the current virtual console. Several consoles can share the same printer, butb] D:*.CMD A>SDIR [nosort,ro] A: B: C: A>SDIR [user=3,exclude] *.CMD A>SDIR [size,rw] D: A>SDIR [user=all,drive=all,sys] *.PLI *.CMD *.A86 ///2OPTIONS Options: [DRIVE=d] Displays files on the specified drive only. [DRIVE=all] Displays files on all online drives. [EXCLUDE] Displays only files that do not match filespec. [FF] Prints a Form Feed character at the start of each header. [FULL] The default SDIR option. [LENGT> Nullifies the existing password. ///2Passwords SET [PROTECT=ON] SET [PROTECT=OFF] SET filespec [PASSWORD=password] SET filespec [PROTECT=READ] SET filespec [PROTECT=WRITE] SET filespec [PROTECT=DELETE] SET filespec [PROTECT=NONE] Password Protection Modes Mode Protection READ The password is required for reading, copying writing, d F3. F4=ON|OFF turns on or off the user-definable file attribute F4. Examples: SET [PROTECT=ON] Turns on password protection for all the files on the disk. You must turn on password protection before you can assign passwords to files. SET [PROTECT=OFF] Disables password protection for the files on your disk. A>SET MYFILE.TEX [PASSWORD=MYFIL] MYFIL is the password assigned to file MYFILE.TEX. B>UPDATE=ON] turns on UPDATE time stamps on the disk in the default or specified drive. UPDATE time stamps record the time the file was last modified. Examples: A>SET [ACCESS=ON] A>SET [CREATE=ON,UPDATE=ON] ///2Drives Syntax: SET {d:} [RO] SET {d:} [RW] Example: A>SET B: [RO] Sets drive B to Read-Only. ///1SHOW Syntax: SHOW {d:}{option} SHOW by itself H=n] Displays a new (Page) header every n lines. [MESSAGE] Causes SDIR to display where it is searching for files. [NOSORT] Displays files in the order that they are found on the disk. [RO] Displays Read-Only files only. [RW] Displays Read/Write attribute files only. [SIZE] Displays only file name and size. [SYS] Displays SYStem attribute files only. [DIR] Displays DIRectory attribute files only. [USER=n] Displeleting or renaming the file. WRITE The password is required for writing, deleting or renaming the file. You do not need a password to read the file. DELETE The password is only required for deleting or renaming the file. You do not need a password to read or modify the file. NONE No password exists for the file. If a password password exists, this modifier caSET *.TEX [PASSWORD=SECRET, PROTECT=WRITE] Assigns the password SECRET to all the TEX files on drive B. Each TEX file is given a WRITE protect mode to prevent unauthorized editing. A>SET MYFILE.TEX [RO SYS] Sets MYFILE.TEX to Read-Only and SYStem. ///2Default A>SET [DEFAULT=dd] Instructs the system to use dd as a password if you do not enter a password for a password-protected file. ///2Time-Stamps Syntax: SEdisplays the drive, the Read Only or Read Write mode for the optionally specified drive, and the remaining space in kilobytes for all logged-in drives in the system. Use the SHOW options to display drive characteristics, active user numbers, or the directory label. SHOW HELP displays a list of available options. ///2EXAMPLES Examples: SHOW SHOW SPACE SHOW DRIVES SHOW USERS SHOW LABEL SHOW HELP SHOW A:SPACE SHOW B:DRIVays files on user n only. [USER=all] Displays files on all user numbers. [XFCB] Displays only files with XFCBs or date stamping. [NONXFCB] Displays only files without XFCBs or date stamping. ///1SET Syntax: SET [options] SET d: [options] SET filespec [options] Explanation: SET initiates password protection and time stamping of files. It also sets the file and drive attributes Read-Write, Read-Only, DIR andn be used to delete the password. ///2Attributes SET filespec [attribute] Attribute Meaning RO sets the file attribute to Read-Only. RW sets the file attribute to Read-Write. SYS sets the file attribute to SYS. DIR sets the file attribute to DIR. ARCHIVE=OFF means that the file has not been backed up (archived). ARCHIVE=ON means that the file has been backed T [CREATE=ON|OFF] SET [ACCESS=ON|OFF] SET [UPDATE=ON|OFF] Explanation: The above SET commands allow you to keep a record of the time and date of file creation and update, or of the last access and update of your files. Option Meaning [CREATE=ON] turns on CREATE time stamps on the disk in the default or specified drive. To record the creation time of a file, the CREATE option must be E SHOW C:USERS SHOW D:LABEL ///2OPTIONS Options: SHOW SPACE ; Same as the SHOW display. SHOW DRIVES ; Displays the drive characteristics of logged-in ; drives on the system, or for a specified drive. SHOW USERS ; Displays the current user number and all user areas ; on the drive that have files assigned to them. SHOW LABEL ; Returns a display of the optional directory label, ; if it has been SYS. It lets you label a disk and password protect the label. To enable time stamping of files, you must first run INITDIR to format the disk directory. ///2Label Syntax: SET {d:} [NAME=labelname.typ] SET [PASSWORD=password] SET [PASSWORD= Examples: A>SET [NAME=DISK100] Labels the disk on the default drive as DISK100. A>SET [PASSWORD=SECRET] Assigns SECRET to the disk label. A>SET [PASSWORD=SUBMIT START A>SUBMIT B:START A>SUBMIT MAX.SUB data1 data2 data3 ///1systat Syntax: SYSTAT SYSTAT {[option]} SYSTAT {[option {C} {n}]} Purpose: The SYSTAT utility shows the internal state of Concurrent CP/M- 86. It is useful for program and systs are listed in memory-address order. [O] Displays an overview of the system generation parameters. [P] Displays all system processes and resources they use. [Q] Displays all queues and their readers, writers and owners. [U] Displays only user-initiated processes (similar to [P]). [C] Displays physical console number, virtual console number, the name of the process attached to the console, whether Syntax: VCMODE {option} VCMODE specifies background operating modes for the four virtual consoles. When a virtual console is switched-out, it operates in either the dynamic mode or the buffered mode. See the HELP file explanations under BUFFERED and DYNAMIC for more information. ///2EXAMPLES Examples: A>VCMODE A>VCMODE dynamic A>VCMODE buffered A>VCMODE size=5 ///2OPTIONS Options: DYNAMIC switches the console to dyns COPYRIGHT (C) DIGITAL RESEARCH, 1981 10/01/81 1n1na^7͢͝$ڒ~7͝  $L!6:<2:*M! ^#VF*͉*:C V!C6!6!F6a͉͂*͂*M!/ ^#V77 77 &,Ý v/$f$m$_$!$$($?`>g7͝O2!7:‡>! 7:”>g!mMs!"}22L2M!6!6!S6!6w:1!6O!6͘͘!6͘͟: 8͝em development. SYSTAT displays memory allocation, current processes, system queue activity, and many parameters associated with system data structures. SYSTAT can present either a static picture or a continuous, real-time display of these system parameters. ///2examples Examples: A>SYSTAT This command invokes the menu-driven feature of SYSTAT. The utility responds by displaying the following menu: Which Optio it is a foreground background console, and whether the console is in dynamic or buffered mode. [E] Returns you to the system prompt level from the menu. [option C n] Following an option with a space and a C activates a continuous display, until you press a key. Following the C with a space and a one or two-digit number causes the display to update every n seconds. ///1TYPE Syntax: Tamic mode. If a console is in dynamic mode and you switch to a different console, you will not see any data that may have scrolled off it's screen while you were switched away. BUFFERED If a console is in buffered mode and switched out, data output from a running program goes into a buffer file on disk. Thus screen output is preserved. !68͝o'mo'm!d͍l͍l!ns!F6ͪ:ͦ:1G*nM͢.?)7͝*DM͝N7͝*nM͝%!nq:L!CҫX$!L6!C6:nҫ͉*͉*7  ?     "  .  =  L   j {       n ? H(elp) M(emory) O(verview) P(rocesses - All) Q(ueues) U(ser Processes) C(onsoles) E(xit) ->_ Typing the appropriate letter in response to the menu obtains the associated display. To use SYSTAT without the menu, specify the menu option letter in the command, like this: A>SYSTAT [O] ; this command displays a snapshot YPE filespec Explanation: TYPE displays contents of an ASCII (text) file on the screen. Press any key to discontinue the display. TYPE does not accept wildcard filespecs. Entering a ^P prior to the type command causes the output to be echoed to the printer until another ^P is entered. ///2EXAMPLES Examples: A>TYPE letter.dat B>TYPE a:document.law C>TYPE program.bas D>TYPE program.a86 ///1USER Syntax: USER {nuukvwDDF<[uTvvDD]U&^2 uPP FFv/DDF2 tPPvx DDFaPvvvDDF~uv DDvDDF~uPvWP P^ۋG$Fۃ~u]U$FF?Pv u*Pv u+ uvYDDF<[tvvvFP4DDF2 t ^<]t+ uvtDDF     0$A%M%Y e ! t "  #       *<;=G=S 8 _ 9 n : } ;   '/     ; overview of the system. A>SYSTAT [M C] ; this command displays a continuous ; picture of memory allocation. A>SYSTAT [U C 5] ; this command displays snapshots ; of the user processes every 5 seconds. ///2options [H] Displays help for SYSTAT command. [M] Displays all memory potentially available to users, but does not display restricted memory. The partitionmber 0 - 15} Explanation: USER displays and changes the current user number. USER with no command tail displays the current user number. USER with a number from 0 to 15 changes the current user number to the number specified by n. CP/M assumes a default user number of 0. Files set to SYStem on USER 0 are available to all USER areas as Read- Only. ///2EXAMPLES Examples: A>USER B>USER 0 A>USER 15 A>USER 7 ///1VCMODE ; overview of the system. A>SYSTAT [M C] ; this command displays a continuous ; picture of memory allocation. A>SYSTAT [U C 5] ; this command displays snapshots ; of the user processes every 5 seconds. ///2options [H] Displays help for SYSTAT command. [M] Displays all memory potentially available to users, but does not display restricted memory. 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