.fo Section 4 - Library Utilities Page # 4.0 Library Utilities 4.1 Author Credits and Introduction to LU Thió documenô applieó tï versioî 1.1° oæ LU.COM®  Iô  alsï applieó  tï Versioî 1.° oæ LDIRÚ bù Richarä Conî anä Versioî  1.° oæ  LRUNÚ  bù Richarä Conî (whicè waó deriveä froí LRUΠ bù  Garù Novosielski). Permissioî ió herebù granteä tï copù anä distributå thió documenô  foò  anù non-commerciaì purpose®  Anù uså  oæ  thió materiaì  foò  commerciaì  advantagå withouô  prioò  writteî consenô oæ thå authoò ió prohibited. É  havå  modifieä thå originaì documenô foò inclusioî  iî  á HELР filå  anä elaborateä oî thå subjecô witè  documentatioî  oî LRUNZ and LDIRZ. INTRODUCTION Librarù Utilitù (LU© ió á prograí tï allo÷ combininç oæ multilplå  fileó  intï onå largeò file®  Iô  requireó  CP/Í versioî 2.° oò higheò tï run® LÕ runó undeò ZCPR2. Thió  largeò  filå ió divideä intï twï  basiã  partó  -- thå directorù  (aô  thå  fronô  oæ thå file© anä  thå  fileó  oæ  thå library® Thå directorù informatioî ió storeä iî thå samå filå aó thå  data¬  oò  membeò files®  Thå amounô oæ spacå tï  bå allocateä tï thå directorù musô bå specifieä bù thå useò wheî á ne÷ librarù ió created¬  buô caî bå changeä wheî thå filå  ió reorganized® Thå sizå oæ eacè directorù entrù ió 3² bytes¬ whicè meanó  eacè  fouò  directorù entrieó takå uð onå sectoò  oæ  thå librarù file®  Currentlù onlù 1¶ byteó oæ eacè entrù arå  used¬ witè  1¶  byteó  beinç  reserveä foò uså  witè  possiblå  futurå enhancements®  Thå directorù itselæ useó onå entrù foò  controì information¬  sï  thå numbeò oæ directorù sectoró needeä foò á librarù oæ í memberó ió (í « 1© ¯ 4¬ roundeä uð tï thå nexô wholå number. Thå  useò  neeä noô bå concerneä witè  thió  discussioî  aó directorù  sizå  ió calculateä bù thå  program®  Alì  directorù sizeó  arå  inpuô anä outpuô iî termó oæ  entries¬  eacè  entrù beinç á potentiaì membeò file® Thå prograí adjustó directorù sizå tï aî integraì numbeò oæ sectors. LRUNÚ  ió  á smalì prograí whicè allowó runninç á  .COÍ (objecô  code© filå membeò directlù froí  anù  library¬  withouô havinç  tï  extracô  iô  tï  á  separatå  disë  file®   Iô  ió specificallù  intendeä tï bå useä witè á defaulô COMMAND.LBÒ filå under ZCPR2 and can be used as an Extended Command Processor. Š LDIRÚ ió á prograí whicè allowó thå useò tï displaù á sorteä directorù oæ thå fileó iî á defaulô COMMAND.LBÒ file®  Simplå iî nature¬  LDIRÚ  giveó  thå useò thå abilitù tï selecô  groupó  oæ fileó viá wilä cardó anä displaù á sorteä listinç whicè  includeó individual file sizes. 4.2 Why Use Libraries? First¬  á librarù filå usuallù takeó uð lesó spacå thaî thå totaì  oæ  thå individuaì membeò fileó whicè wenô intï  it®  Thå reasoî  foò  thió ió thaô CP/Í allocateó disë spacå  iî  fixeä blockó oò groups¬  typicallù 2ë byteó each® Anù spacå afteò thå lasô  sectoò  oæ á filå uð tï thå nexô 2ë  blocë  boundrù  ió wasted®  Thå  samå  fileó  iî á librarù uså onlù  thå  numbeò  oæ sectoró  theù actuallù need¬  anä thougè thå librarù itselæ  maù havå  á partiallù wasteä blocë aô thå end¬  anä requireó somå spacå foò directorù informatioî aô thå beginning¬  thå neô effecô ió usuallù á savinç oæ totaì space®  Thå besô resultó arå seeî wheî manù smalì fileó arå combineä intï onå library. Second¬ á librarù filå makeó mosô efficienô uså oæ thå CP/Í disë  directory¬  sincå  iô ió treateä aó onlù onå filå  bù  CP/Í regardlesó oæ ho÷ manù memberó iô contains. Third¬  librarieó  caî  aiä iî transferrinç  packageó  oæ softwarå froí onå systeí tï anotheò usinç XMODEM® Onlù onå filå ió transferred¬  eliminatinç thå neeä tï ruî thå XMODEÍ  ransfeò prograí severaì times¬  thå chancå oæ overlookinç á needeä file¬ anä  thå  problemó oæ naminç conflicts¬  (sucè aó READ.MÅ  files© amonç unrelateä packages. 4.3 Why Not Use Libraries? Therå  arå  somå  verù gooä reasonó foò  noô  usinç libraries®  Foò  onå  thing¬  fileó  withiî á  librarù  arå  noô availablå  tï mosô "normal¢ programs®  Iæ á frequentlù  accesseä filå ió placeä iî á library¬  iô wilì havå tï bå extracteä froí thå librarù tï itó free-standinç counterparô beforå iô caî  bå useä  bù  á program®  (.COÍ fileó arå á notablå  exceptioî  tï this¬  becauså  oæ  thå availabilitù oæ thå LRUNÚ  command¬ covereä later.) Librarieó caî actuallù wastå disë space® Wheî á disë filå ió erased¬  CP/Í returnó thå spacå formerlù useä bù thå filå  tï thå  freå spacå pooì foò uså bù ne÷ files®  Wheî á membeò filå ió  deleteä  froí  á  librarù  however¬  thå  spacå  previouslù occupieä  bù  thå  filå ió noô  useable®  Thå  librarù  musô  bå reorganizeä  tï makå thió spacå availablå tï CP/M®  Whilå thió ió easù tï dï witè thå LÕ command¬  iô ió noô automatic¬  anä iæ thå situatioî ió ignored¬  largå areaó oæ disë caî bå tieä  uð aó unproductivå "deaä space". 4.4 How to Use the Library Utility LU LÕ  haó twï basiã methodó  oæ  operationº  interactive¬  anä parameteò driven®  Uså oæ thå interactivå methoä ió probablù thå besô  waù tï geô tï kno÷ thå program¬  becauså thå effecô oæ eacè actioî caî bå immediatleù seen. Tï starô aî interactivå librarù maintenancå  session¬  jusô typå  LÕ  oî  thå commanä linå witè nï parameteró  afteò  it® Afteò  yoõ  arå familiaò witè thå program¬  yoõ  caî  specifù multiplå  paramteró  oî thå commanä linå anä LÕ  wilì  worë  witè littlå  oò  nï intervention®  Inpuô froí disë files¬  à prograí "pipes"¬  anä  thå  XSU facilitù arå alsï supporteä  foò  morå advanceä applications. Alì  thå  methodó makå uså oæ  similaò  syntax®  Commanä inpuô  takeó twï formsº  operatoró (sometimeó  calleä  tags¬  oò options© anä operands. Aî  operatoò  ió  defineä aó anù twï  characteò  strinç wherå thå firsô characteò ió á minuó sign®  Operatoró telì thå prograí whaô tï do® Valiä operatoró arå -a¬ -d¬ -e¬ -l¬ -o¬ anä - r®  Anythinç elså witè á similaò forí ió aî operatoò too¬  buô aî invaliä one. Operandó arå everythinç else® Normally¬ operandó arå filå nameó whicè yoõ wanô tï adä to¬  deletå from¬  oò extracô froí á librarù file¬  oò arå nameó oæ librarù fileó tï bå opened® Theù maù contaiî thå characteró ª oò ¿  iî whicè caså theù arå  calleä ambiguouó operands® Somå valiä operandó are: foo.bar b:test.fil z *.* comm?nd Tï refeò tï á filå nameä "-z¢ thå operanä woulä havå tï bå entereä  aó  "-z.¢ witè thå period¬  sincå otherwiså iô woulä  bå mistakeî aó aî invaliä operator. Whaô  actioî  ió takeî upoî thå filå  dependó  upoî  whicè operatoò  mosô  recentlù precedeä it®  Iæ nï  operatoò  waó entered¬  oò aî invaliä one¬ oò onå thaô takeó nï operands¬ thå operanä wilì bå ignored. Š Wheî runninç interactively¬  LÕ promptó foò eacè operanä anä operator¬  onå peò inpuô line®  Multiplå inputó peò linå arå noô alloweä usinç thå interactivå method. Thå  prompô  yoõ  wilì seå ió thå namå oæ  thå  currenô operatoò  followeä  bù á ">¢ character¬  foò  examplå  "-E>"® Thió  indicateó  thaô thå -å operatoò ió iî effect¬  anä  iæ  aî operanä  ió  entereä iô wilì bå interpreteä aó thå  namå  oæ  á membeò  filå  tï bå Extracteä froí thå  library®  Wheî  thå prograí  firsô  startó up¬  thå prompô ió "-?>¢ whicè  meanó  nï operatoò  ió  currentlù iî effect®  Iî thió case¬  thå  onlù valiä inpuô ió aî operator® Anù operanä wilì bå ignored. 4.5 Summary of Operators The operators available under LU are: -A Add Files to Library -D Delete Files from Library -E Extract Files from Library -L List Library -O Open a Library -R Reorganize a Library Theså   operatoró  arå  discusseä  iî  morå  detaiì  iî  thå following frames. -á  adä  fileó tï library®  -á causeó thå  prompô  tï changå  tï -A¾ whicè wilì theî accepô aó operandó thå nameó  oæ fileó  tï bå addeä tï thå opeî library®  (Iæ nï  librarù  namå haó  beeî openeä witè thå -ï operator¬  thå defaulô  librarù LIBRARY.LBÒ  ió  alwayó  useä instead.©  Ambiguouó  operandó matcè  alì disë fileó whicè qualifù accordinç tï normaì  CP/Í wild-carä conventions¬  excepô thoså witè á filetypå oæ .LBR® Expliciô drivå specificatioî oî aî operanä causeó thaô drivå  tï bå searcheä foò thå file(s© insteaä oæ thå currenô drive. -ä  deletå  fileó froí library®  -ä causeó thå  prompô  tï changå tï -D¾ whicè acceptó nameó oæ fileó tï bå deleteä froí thå  opeî  library®  Ambiguouó nameó matcè alì  membeò  fileó whicè  qualify®  Drivå specificationó oî operandó arå  ignored¬ sincå thå librarù memberó arå obviouslù oî whicheveò drivå containó thå opeî library. -å  extracô fileó froí library®  -å causeó thå prompô tï changå tï -E¾ whicè acceptó nameó oæ librarù membeò fileó tï bå extracteä  tï normaì free-standinç  CP/Í  files®  Ambiguouó nameó  matcè alì membeò fileó whicè qualify®  Drivå specificatioî oî  á  membeò  namå causeó thå outpuô filå tï bå  placeä  oî  thå specifieä  drivå ratheò thaî thå currenô  drive®  Anù  existinç filå  witè  thå  samå namå wilì bå overwritteî unlesó  iô  ió protecteä bù virtuå oæ itó Read/Onlù flaç biô beinç set. -ì lisô currenô librarù map®  -ì causeó thå directorù  oæ thå  currenô librarù tï bå listeä oî thå console®  Thå membeò nameó  arå displayed¬  alonç witè theiò index¬  oò  startinç positioî  withiî  thå library¬  anä theiò  sizå  iî  sectors® Also¬  informatioî  ió displayeä abouô thå numbeò oæ sectoró  iî thå library¬ anä ho÷ mucè space¬ ió useä oò unuseä (wasted)® Informatioî  ió  alsï displayeä abouô thå numbeò oæ entrieó  iî thå directory¬  anä ho÷ manù arå active¬  deleted¬  oò freå foò use®  Thió helpó determinå whetheò thå librarù needó tï bå re- organizeä  tï  freå  unuseä  spacå  anä  deleteä  entries®  Thå operatoò  -ì  expectó  nï  operands¬   sï  afteò  thå  lisô  ió displayed¬  thå  prompô changeó bacë tï -?¾ foò entrù oæ  anotheò operator. -ï opeî á library®  -ï causeó thå prompô tï changå tï -O¾ whicè acceptó thå namå oæ á librarù filå tï bå openeä foò  uså witè subsequenô operators® Iæ anotheò librarù ió alreadù open¬ iô  ió closeä first®  Iæ thå ne÷ librarù doeó noô exist¬  iô ió createä  witè  aî  emptù directory®  Ambiguouó  nameó  arå  noô allowed®  Drivå specificatioî ió allowed® Thå filå typå maù bå specified¬  buô  defaultó tï .LBÒ whicè ió stronglù suggesteä  aó thå filå typå foò alì librarù files. Yoõ  wilì  recalì thaô fileó oæ typå  -á  (add©  operator® Thió  preventó  librarieó  froí beinç accidentallù  addeä  tï otheò  libraries¬  oò tï themselves»  á situatioî  noô  unlikå tryinç  tï  drivå á trucë uð itó owî tailpipe®  Iæ  foò  somå reasoî yoõ wanô tï adä onå librarù tï another¬  bå mù guest¬ buô yoõ  wilì  havå  tï  specifù  thå  namå  withouô  ª  oò  ¿ characteró wheî addinç it. -ò  reorganizå  library®  -ò causeó thå  currentlù  opeî librarù tï bå reorganized® First¬ thå directorù ió sorteä intï alphabeticaì order¬ anä theî alì activå memberó arå copieä tï á  worë  librarù  whicè ió openeä oî thå  currenô  drive¬  noô necessarilù thå drivå containinç thå olä library® Thå useò maù specifù  á differenô numbeò oæ entrieó foò thå worë librarù  iæ iô  ió  necessarù  tï  expanä  oò  compresó  thå  directory®  Thå directorù  wilì  alwayó bå madå largå enougè tï contaiî  alì  thå activå  memberó  oæ thå olä library¬  sï á sizå oæ  ±  maù  bå specifieä  tï  makå  thå directorù aó smalì  aó  possible®  (Seå Specifyinç Directorù Sizeó below.) Wheî  reorganizatioî  ió complete¬  thå olä  librarù  ió deleteä anä thå worë librarù ió renameä tï thå namå oæ thå  olä library®   Nï   backuð  copù  ió  retained®   Thå   newlù reorganizeä  librarù  remainó  opeî foò uså  witè  subsequenô operations. Wheneveò  thå prograí ió promptinç foò aî  operand¬  anotheò operatoò  maù  bå  entereä insteaä tï changå thå statuó  oæ  thå prompt®  Tï enä aî interactivå session¬ enteò á blanë linå aô thå prompt. SPECIFYING DIRECTORY SIZE Wheneveò aî olä librarù ió opened¬  thå directorù sizå  ió displayeä aó follows: Old library LIBRARY.LBR has 32 entries, 5 free. Thió  meanó  thaô  µ morå memberó maù bå addeä  beforå  thå directorù  becomeó full®  Wheî thå directorù  ió  full¬  -á becomeó  aî  invaliä operator¬  anä thå librarù  musô  bå reorganizeä tï adä anù morå members. Wheî  á librarù ió createä foò thå firsô time¬  thå useò ió prompteä likå this: New library COMMAND.LBR. Allow how many entries?_ Anù numbeò froí ± tï 6553µ ió valid®  Thå actuaì maximuí  ió determineä  bù thå amounô oæ freå memorù availablå oî thå  systeí iî  use®  Directorù  sizå  wilì bå roundeä uð tï thå  nexô  wholå sectoò necessarù tï contaiî thå numbeò oæ entrieó  requested® Thió  numbeò  wilì  remaiî iî effecô untiì  thå  librarù  ió reorganized® Sincå thå directorù itselæ countó aó aî entry¬ onå entrù  ió  addeä  tï  whateveò ió entereä beforå  thå  sizå  ió calculated®  Thereforå  jusô enteò thå maximuí numbeò oæ  membeò fileó yoõ wanô thå librarù tï bå capablå oæ holding. Thå  maximuí numbeò oæ membeò fileó ió alsï constraineä  bù thå  amounô  oæ  availablå  disë  space®  Iæ  durinç  aî  adä operatioî thå disë spacå runó out¬  thå namå ió noô addeä tï thå directory® Iæ á multiplå adä ió iî progress¬ duå tï aî ambiguouó operand¬  thå  remaininç  qualifyinç fileó arå  stilì  addeä  iæ possible® Iæ anù oæ theí ió smalì enougè tï fiô iî thå remaininç disë  space¬  iô wilì bå added®  Iæ anù sectoró werå writteî bù aî  adä  attempt¬  anä theî neveò  utilized¬  theù  remaiî  aó unuseä sectors¬ anä thå librarù shoulä bå reorganized. 4.6 LU Command Line Forms Alì  oæ thå informatioî needeä foò á maintenancå ruî maù  bå specifieä  oî  thå commanä line®  Thå operatoró anä operandó  arå entered¬  separateä  bù spaces¬  afteò thå LÕ  command¬  anä  thå operationó  wilì takå placå withouô consolå intervention¬  excepô iî  thå caså wherå thå directorù sizå foò á ne÷ librarù  ió requested® Thå syntaø is: LU [ [ ...]] [ [ ...]... where square brackets indicate optional parameters, and: is any operator. is any operand. ... indicates that the preceding parameter may occur several times. Anù  nameó  occurrinç prioò tï thå  firsô  operator¬  oò followinç  aî  operatoò whicè doeó noô  expecô  operands¬  arå ignored. Advanced Features of LU Inpuô  froí BDÓ Ã "pipes¢ oò ordinarù sequentiaì fileó  ió alsï  possible®  Thå filenamå ió specifieä oî thå  commanä  linå precedeä bù á "<¢ characteò anä nï interveninç blank® Example: LU "®  Thió applieó tï parameteò driveî aó welì aó interactivå (includinç "piped"© input® Examples: LU -O SPECIAL -A ZOT.COM >LOGFILE.OUT woulä adä thå filå zot.coí tï thå librarù special.lbò  anä writå  thå  consolå outpuô tï á filå  calleä  logfile.out®  thå locatioî  oæ  thå  outpuô namå oî thå linå doeó  noô  matteò  anä excepô  foò turninç oî redirecteä output¬  iô ió ignoreä bù  alì operators. LU B:RECORD.DOC woulä  takå interactivå commandó froí thå filå batch.iî anä writå consolå outpuô tï á filå calleä record.doã oî drivå B. Normally¬ consolå filå outpuô ió alsï echoeä oî thå reaì console¬  excepô wheî inpuô ió alsï redirected¬ aó iî thå lasô example® Tï forcå visiblå consolå outpuô wheî botè aî inpuô anä outpuô  filå  arå used¬  thå ">¢  characteò  precedinç  thå outpuô filå namå maù bå changeä tï á "+¢ instead: Š LU +RECORD.DOC LRUNÚ ió deriveä froí Gary'ó LRUN® Stilì basicallù thå samå program¬  LRUNÚ  addó ZCPR2-specifiã features¬  iî particulaò thå abilitù tï searcè foò thå LBÒ filå alonç thå Externaì  Path®  Iî thió  way¬  LRUNÚ  caî bå useä aó aî Extendeä Commanä  Processor¬ and¬  wheî invoked¬  wilì searcè foò COMMAND.LBÒ (oò such©  alonç thå  patè anä extracô thå COÍ filå froí thå firsô COMMAND.LBÒ  iô finds. LRUNZ can be invoked by command line of the following forms: LRUNZ // or LRUNZ <-- Print Help LRUNZ -lbrfile cmdline <-- Run command from lbr LRUNZ cmdline <-- Run command from default COMMAND.LBR The full syntax of LRUNZ is: LRUNZ [-] [] Where: | N |--->| P |--->| O |--->| m | Command | U| | R| | S| | s| | | | 2| | | | | ------ ------ ------ ------ Thå "Useò Menõ Command¢ ió á singlå characteò thaô thå  useò strikeó  whicè instructó MENÕ tï perforí á function®  Oncå  MENÕ beginó  processinç  thió function¬  iô buildó á commanä linå  foò ZCPR2¬  optionallù  askinç thå useò foò furtheò inpuô (sucè aó  á filå  name)¬  anä theî passeó thå commanä linå tï ZCPR²  viá  thå Multiplå Commanä Linå Buffer®  ZCPR² theî runó thå commanä line¬ and, when completed, returns to MENU. Hence¬  iî  á nutshell¬  MENÕ buildó commanä lineó baseä  oî simplå  inpuô froí thå user®  Thå useò neeä neveò kno÷ whaô  thå actuaì commanä linå is® Thå commanä linå itselæ ió alwayó oæ thå form: ;MENU Aó aî example¬ á commanä builô bù MENÕ tï ruî XDIÒ witè useò inpuô  foò  á  filå  namå  specification¬  coulä  looë  likå  thå following: XDIR ;MENU Wheî MENÕ ió executed¬ iô lookó foò thå filå MENU.CPÒ iî thå currenô  directory®  Iæ  iô findó one¬  iô loadó iô  anä  beginó processing. If it does not find one, it simply exits. Thå  MENU.CPÒ  filå  caî  contaiî  uð tï  25µ  menuó  tï  bå processeä  bù MENU®  Thå defaulô conditioî foò MENÕ ió tï  begiî processinç  aô  thå  firsô menõ  iî  MENU.CPR¬  buô  optionó  arå availablå  tï  selecô  anotheò menu®  Iî  particular¬  thå  Menõ Optionó are: W - Wait for User to Strike a Key before beginning nn - Begin Processing at Menu nn The full MENU command line is structured as follows: MENU [W][nn] Optionó  arå  encloseä  iî [Ý buô musô bå  placeä  iî  thå  ordeò specified, i.e., W, if present, must be first. Iæ thå Waiô Optioî ió used¬  iô ió alwayó first® Thå numbeò followó Waiô immediately¬  anä therå arå nï spaceó betweeî  themº MENÕ × <-- Waiô anä Starô aô Firsô Menu MENU W4 <-- Wait and Start at 4th Menu MENU 4 <-- Start at 4th Menu Thå useò anä menõ programmeò neeä noô bå concerneä witè thió mosô oæ thå time® Menuó shoulä bå seô uð tï starô witè thå firsô menõ bù default¬  sï thaô onlù thå commanä "MENU¢ ió necessarù tï invokå  thå desireä menu®  Thå optionó describeä abovå arå  useä primarilù  bù MENÕ itselæ wheî iô buildó thå commanä linå sï thaô thå  useò wilì returî witè aî optionaì waiô anä tï thå menõ  thaô hå  jusô  camå from®  Hence¬  iæ thå useò waó iî thå  4tè  menu¬ selecteä  thå Ø commanä (foò XDIR)¬  anä thå Menõ Programmeò  haä seô uð thå XDIÒ commanä tï waiô oî returî sï thå useò coulä  takå hió  timå  anä  looë aô thå directorù display¬  theî  MENÕ  woulä appenä  thå commanä "MENÕ W4¢ tï thå enä oæ thå commanä  linå  iô builds. MENÕ  itselæ  ió á COÍ file¬  likå anù otheò  prograí  undeò ZCPR2® Unlikå mosô otheò programs¬ however¬ iô generateó commanä lineó  tï bå executeä bù ZCPR² anä appendó á MENÕ commanä tï  thå enä oæ eacè oæ thå commanä lineó iô generateó sï thaô ZCPR²  wilì return to MENU when finished. In this way a loop is set up: -->--+->- MENU ->- ZCPR2 ->-+ ^ v | | +-<- Command Line -<---+ Onlù  MENÕ  itselæ caî terminatå thió  loop®  Iæ  thå  MENÕ programmeò  wishes¬  hå caî seô uð thå MENU.CPÒ filå sï thaô thió looð  wilì neveò bå exited¬  oò hå caî seô uð thå filå  tï  allo÷ anyonå  tï exiô aô anù timå oò jusô á speciaì persoî whï knowó  á passworä  tï  exiô  wheî  hå  wisheó  to®  Therå  ió  á  loô  oæ flexibilitù  designeä intï thå system¬  anä iô wilì bå  discusseä later in the section on programming MENU.CPR files. Iî  á  nutshell¬  then¬  á  MENU.CPÒ filå caî bå seô  uð  tï executå anù ZCPR² commanä oò sequencå oæ commands®  Thå MENU.CPÒ filå caî alsï bå seô uð tï noô allo÷ thå useò tï leavå  MENU¬  tï allo÷  hií tï leavå MENÕ aô will¬  oò tï allo÷ hií tï leavå  MENÕ onlù iæ hå knowó á password. Thió  HELÐ filå ió divideä intï twï basiã parts®  Thå  infï sectionó  oî  "Usinç  MENU¢ anä "Summarù oæ  MENÕ  Commands¢  arå designeä  tï  bå  reaä bù á persoî wantinç tï uså  MENÕ  buô  noô wantinç  tï  learî ho÷ MENÕ workó oò ho÷ tï  prograí  it®  Theså sectionó  describå ho÷ tï movå froí onå menõ tï another¬  ho÷  tï issuå  MENÕ  commands¬  anä ho÷ tï leavå MENÕ iæ  thå  optioî  ió presenteä tï him. Thå   otheò   sectionó  oæ  thió  HELР filå  describå   thå programminç  aspectó  oæ MENÕ anä arå intendeä tï bå useä  aó  aî onlinå  referencå  foò thå MENÕ  programmer®  Thå  MENÕ  commanä programminç  summarù  ió especiallù usefuì iî thaô iô provideó  á summarù  oæ thå commandó whicè thå MENÕ programmeò maù  issuå  tï MENÕ withiî á MENU.CPR. Using MENU When you first invoke MENU, one of three things will happen: 1©  Á  MENÕ  wilì appeaò anä bå pageä uð  tï  filì  thå screen» á commanä prompô wilì appeaò aô thå bottoí oæ thå menu 2©  Á MENÕ wilì appeaò anä noô bå pageä uð tï filì  thå screen» á commanä prompô wilì appeaò aô thå bottoí oæ thå menu 3©  Á commanä prompô wilì appeaò witè nï menõ (thió  ió called the Expert Mode) Iæ  aô anù timå youò Menõ Displaù ió garbleä oò yoõ wanô  tï seå thå currenô Menõ (aó sometimeó happenó wheî yoõ arå iî Experô Mode)¬ jusô strikå thå RETURÎ key® Thå RETURÎ keù refresheó youò menu at all times. Thå  prompô whicè appearó aô thå bottoí oæ youò Menõ displaù has the following general form: Command (=Menu,^C=ZCPR2,*=1st Menu,<=Prev Menu,>=Next Menu) - Aó É mentioneä iî thå introduction¬  therå caî bå uð tï  25µ menuó  iî onå MENU.CPÒ file®  Thå MENÕ commanä prompô varieó  tï reflecô this® Foò instance¬ iæ onlù onå Menõ waó presenô anä yoõ werå noô giveî thå optioî tï aborô ouô oæ MENÕ tï ZCPR2¬ theî thå Menõ Commanä prompô woulä takå itó simplesô form¬ lookinç like: Command (=Menu) - Yoõ  caî  strikå thå RETURÎ keù aô thió timå tï refresè  thå Menõ  Displaù oò yoõ caî strikå thå characteò oæ á  Menõ  Option® Theså  arå youò onlù choices¬  anä strikinç á characteò whicè  ió noô  thå  RETURΠ keù  oò á menõ optioî resultó  iî  thå  messagå "Invalid Command" being displayed. Iæ  thå  MENU.CPÒ programmeò gavå yoõ thå optioî tï exiô  tï ZCPR² anä therå ió onlù onå Menõ iî thå MENU.CPÒ file¬  theî youò commanä linå wilì looë likå this: Command (=Menu,^C=ZCPR2) - Yoõ  no÷ havå thå additionaì optioî oæ abortinç tï ZCPR²  bù strikinç Control-à (holä dowî oî thå Control¬  oò CTRL¬  keù  anä strikå  thå  letteò C)®  Thió wilì returî yoõ tï ZCPR² anä  exiô MENU¬  leavinç yoõ witè thå abilitù tï issuå anù availablå  ZCPR² command. Onå brieæ notå oî optioî letteró beforå goinç on® Iæ onå oæ youò optionó ió á letteò iî thå rangå froí Á tï Z¬  theî caså  ió noô  significant¬  anä  yoõ  caî invokå thå  optioî  A¬  say¬  bù striking an upper- or lower-case A. Iæ  therå ió morå thaî onå menõ iî youò MENU.CPÒ  file¬  thå commanä  linå optionó becomå slightlù morå complex¬  buô theù arå stilì quitå easù tï follow. Iî thå followinç examples¬  É aí assuminç thaô thå optioî tï exiô tï ZCPR² ió off¬ sï thå "^C=ZCPR2¢ optioî wilì NOÔ appear. Iæ yoõ arå aô thå firsô menõ iî thå file¬  youò commanä linå wilì looë likå thå following: Command (=Menu,>=Next Menu) - Tï advancå tï thå nexô menu¬  yoõ caî strikå thå ">¢ oò  thå ".¢ character®  Oî mosô keyboards¬  ">¢ ió thå shifô oæ thå "."¬ sï  MENÕ allowó yoõ tï movå easilù withouô havinç tï worrù  abouô shifting the keyboard all the time. Iæ  yoõ arå aô thå lasô menõ iî thå file¬  youò commanä linå will look like the following: Command (=Menu,*=1st Menu,<=Prev Menu) - Thió allowó yoõ tï strikå thå "*¢ characteò tï jumð bacë  tï thå  firsô  menõ iî youò MENU.CPÒ file®  Iæ "<¢ oò ",¢ ió  stucë ("<¢ ió usuallù thå shifô oæ thå ",")¬  theî yoõ wilì bacë uð onå menu to the previous menu in the file. Iæ  yoõ  arå somewherå iî thå middlå oæ thå  MENU.CPÒ  file¬ youò commanä linå will¬ aó onå woulä expect¬ looë likå this: Command (=Menu,*=1st Menu,<=Prev Menu,>=Next Menu) - Again¬  "*¢  wilì gï directlù tï thå firsô menu¬  "<¢ oò ",¢ wilì gï tï thå previouó menu¬  anä ">¢ oò ".¢ wilì gï tï thå nexô menu. Striking the RETURN key will refresh the menu display. Onå  lasô  optioî yoõ havå undeò MENÕ involveó accesó  tï  á Systeí Menu®  Thió menõ ió speciaì iî thaô therå ió onlù onå waù to get to it -- via the "$" command. Thå Systeí Menõ ió intendeä tï givå privelegeä useró  accesó tï  speciaì commandó thaô thå resô oæ thå useró can'ô run®  Iæ á Systeí  Menõ ió available¬  MENÕ wilì responä tï thå "$¢  commanä with the prompt: Pass? Yoõ arå giveî onå chancå tï typå iî thå correcô passworä  tï enteò thå Systeí Menu®  Iæ yoõ arå wrong¬ thå messagå "Pasó Err¢ wilì  appeaò anä yoõ wilì bå returneä tï thå menõ yoõ camå  from® Iæ yoõ arå correct¬  yoõ wilì enteò thå Systeí Menu® Physically¬ thå  Systeí  Menõ ió alwayó thå lasô menõ iî thå  file¬  anä  itó command prompt is: Command (=Menu,*=1st Menu,<=Prev Menu) - Iæ yoõ arå aô thå menõ jusô beforå thå Systeí Menu¬  thå ">¢ wilì  noô  functioî  tï allo÷ yoõ tï enteò  it¬  eveî  thï  therå technicallù ió á "Nexô Menu"® Thå ">¢ optioî iî thå commanä linå wilì  noô appear®  Aó É stateä before¬  thå onlù waù tï enteò  á System Menu is thru the "$" command. So¬ iî summary¬ movinç abouô withiî MENÕ ió quitå easy® "*¢ moveó yoõ tï thå firsô menu¬ "<¢ tï thå previouó menu¬ ">¢ tï thå nexô menu¬ anä "$¢ tï thå Systeí Menu. 5.2 Summary of MENU Commands The full Menu Command Line looks like the following: Command (=Menu,^C=ZCPR2,*=1st Menu,<=Prev Menu,>=Last Menu) - The Menu Commands are: Command Function Refresh Menu Display (RETURN Key) ^C Exit to ZCPR2 (Control-C) * Jump to the First Menu < or , Jump to the Previous Menu > or . Jump to the Next Menu $ Jump to the System Menu (Password Required) other Menu Option or Invalid Command; letters are automatically capitalized, so a=A 5.3 Programming MENU.CPR Files Thå MENU.CPÒ filå ió simplù á texô filå whicè maù bå createä witè  anù conventionaì CP/Í  editor¬  includinç  WordStar®  MENÕ ignoreó  thå Mosô Significanô Biô oæ alì bytes¬  sï editoró  likå WordStar¬ whicè occasionallù seô thió bit¬ caî bå used. Alì  MENU.CPÒ  fileó havå thå samå generaì  structure®  Thå firsô  linå ió eitheò á globaì optioî linå oò thå beginninç oæ  á menõ  display®  Iæ  á globaì optioî line¬  iô  beginó  witè  thå characteò  "-"¬  anä  thió characteò ió immediatelù  followeä  bù globaì  optioî characters®  Thå globaì optioî line¬  theî  lookó likå this: -options Afteò thå globaì optioî line¬  iæ any¬ comeó thå firsô menu® Each menu is structured as follows: #options # menu commands The following are two sample Menu File structures: -options #options #options # # commands commands ## #options # commands ## Therå arå onlù fivå optioî characters®  Iî usinç them¬ caså is not significant. These option characters are: Option Function C Display Command Line to User D Display Menu to User P Page Out Menu Display X Allow User to Exit to CP/M Thå  Ã optioî displayó thå commanä linå builô bù MENÕ tï thå user®  Thió optioî ió primarilù intendeä foò debugginç purposes¬ tï allo÷ thå programmeò tï seå whaô commandó arå beinç built® Iô ió instructivå tï thå user¬ however¬ anä maù bå employeä foò thaô purpose as well. Š Thå Ä optioî displayó thå menõ tï thå user®  Iæ thå displaù functioî  ió  noô  turneä on¬  wå arå iî  Experô  Mode¬  anä  thå commandó  arå  availablå withouô  á  menõ  display®  RETURN¬  oæ course, can be used to invoke the display if necessary. Thå  Ð  optioî pageó ouô thå menõ displaù iæ iô ió  invoked® Iæ  thå pagå functioî ió engaged¬  theî thå MENÕ prograí  outputó ¢  oò  ".¢ tï gotï thå nexô menõ (Menõ 2) ^à tï gotï ZCPR2 In the second menu, the user may strike: "3" to goto Menu 3 "*" or "<" or "," to goto Menu 1 ">" or "." to goto Menu 3 ^C to goto ZCPR2 In the third menu, the user may strike: "2" or "<" or "," to goto Menu 2 "*" to goto Menu 1 Thå  "!¢  optioî  placeó  á "W¢ iî  thå  MENÕ  commanä  linå (remembeò  froí before?)®  Thió causeó MENÕ tï pauså anä asë thå useò tï "Strikå Anù Key¢ beforå continuing®  Iî thió way¬  iæ  á commanä  generateó informatioî tï bå reaä bù thå useò beforå MENÕ clearó  hió screen¬  thå "!¢ optioî maù bå useä tï givå thå  useò alì thå timå hå wantó tï reaä thió display. Thå  "Prompô  suffiø  causeó MENÕ tï accepô á  taiì  tï  thå commanä linå iô ió buildinç sï thaô thå useò caî inpuô  argumentó for the command. The Prompt is simply text to prompt the user. Examples: -dxp # A - Run XDIR without Pause or Input B - Run XDIR and Pause before Returning to MENU C - Run XDIR, Allow User Input, and Pause before Returning to MENU Z - Run Any ZCPR2 Command and Pause before Returning to MENU # z!"Enter Command Line -- axdir b!xdir c!xdir "Enter Ambiguous File Name -- ## Notå thå Spacå righô beforå thå "Prompô form® Thió spacå ió significanô  tï  keeð  thå commanä anä useò  inpuô  froí  runninç together® Wå wanô thió "ruî together¢ foò thå Ú command. Yoõ  caî  havå  aó  manù commandó  aó  thå  printablå  ASCIÉ characteò  seô (withouô lower-caså letteró anä thå  MENÕ  commanä characters© wilì allow®  Youò text¬  however¬ foò eacè menõ musô bå ablå tï fiô oî á screeî witè thå commanä prompô aô thå bottom® Thió typicallù meanó thaô thå texô cannoô exceeä 2² lines. MENÕ  fitó iî nicelù tï thå ZCPR² Systeí oæ  programs®  Thå informatioî sectioî oî "MENU'ó Relationshið tï thå ZCPR²  System¢ explainó ho÷ MENÕ anä thå otheò ZCPR² programó worë together. É  havå noô discusseä erroò messageó yoõ caî encounteò undeò MENÕ iî thió informatioî section®  Thaô comeó lateò iî thå Erroò Message section. 5.5 MENU Programming Command Summary Eacè MENÕ commanä occupieó onlù onå line¬ anä blanë lineó iî thå  commanä  grouð  arå noô  permitted®  Thå  commanä  linå  ió structureä aó follows: l[o][command]["Prompt] where: l is the single character used to invoke the command note that it may be upper- or lower-case o is an opening option, which is one of: :nn -- go to Menu nn ! -- have MENU wait when the command is finished command is an optional ZCPR2 command; note that if the option is ":nn", then a command here makes no sense "Prompt is a command to MENU to print a prompt and wait for user input to fill out the command line The MENU commands are: Command Function :nn Goto Menu nn, where the first menu is Menu 1 ! Wait after command line is executed before processing the menu "Prompt Prompt the user for input and accept it Thå  followinç ASCIÉ characteró maù NOÔ bå useä aó  commandó since they are used elsewhere: # % , . < > * 5.6 MENU's Relationship to the ZCPR2 System MENU¬  likå mosô oæ thå ZCPR² utilities¬  interactó witè thå systeí  aó  á  wholå anä cannoô bå useä witè systemó  otheò  thaî ZCPR2®  Iî particular¬  MENÕ requireó thå ZCPR² Multiplå Commanä Linå Buffeò facilitù tï bå availablå tï iô anä cannoô ruî withouô it®  Iô  chainó  tï  otheò  commandó anä  tï  itselæ  thrõ  thió facility. MENÕ ió installeä bù GENINS® GENINÓ ió useä tï instalì MENÕ anä seô thå parameteró foò wherå thå Multiplå Commanä Linå Buffeò ió locateä anä whaô thå passworä foò enterinç á Systeí Menõ is. Also¬  CÄ (Changå Directory© anä STARTUÐ (or¬ SÔ foò CD© caî comå intï plaù witè MENU® Wheî CÄ logó intï tï ne÷ directory¬ iô lookó foò thå filå ST.COÍ anä executeó iô iæ therå ió one® SÔ ió simplù  STARTUР renamed¬  anä  STARTUÐ wilì  loaä  thå  Multiplå Command Line Buffer with a command line and then terminate. Froí  thå poinô oæ vie÷ oæ MENU¬  thå commanä loadeä  bù  SÔ coulä bå MENU® Thå effecô oæ thió ió tï automaticallù enteò MENÕ when the user employs CD to enter a given directory. Hence¬  bù  usinç  CD¬  á  useò caî enteò  á  directorù  anä suddenlù  finä himselæ iî á menõ insteaä oæ aô thå ZCPR²  commanä level®  Thió  ió gooä foò applicationó wherå á directorù ió  seô asidå  foò á specifiã purposå anä onlù certaiî operationó arå  tï bå  performeä  iî  it¬  sucè  aó  cataloginç  diskó  oò  handlinç accounts®  Also¬  witè CD'ó passworä facility¬ iæ thió directorù ió á Systeí Directory¬  thå useò woulä havå tï givå á passworä tï enter it. No÷  thaô MENÕ ió runninç foò thå directory¬  á MENÕ commanä coulä bå anotheò CÄ tï anotheò directory®  Oò iô coulä simplù bå a DU: form. Example: #dp A - Enter ZCPR Directory B - Enter A0: # acd zcpr ba0: # Here¬  iæ  Á ió issued¬  theî CÄ wilì movå  intï  ZCPRº  anä executå ST.COÍ iæ therå ió onå there®  Iæ  ió issued¬  thå useò ió  loggeä  intï  A0:®  MENÕ ió thå nexô commanä iî  botè  caseó (commanä  lineó  arå  "CÄ ZCPR;MENU¢  anä  "A0:;MENU")¬  sï  MENÕ automaticallù reinvokeó anä lookó foò MENU.CPR®  Iæ iô findó it¬ wå arå iî anotheò MENÕ system¬ and¬ iæ iô doesn't¬ wå arå bacë tï ZCPR2 command level. Undeò thå Á option¬  iæ CÄ findó ST.COM¬  SÔ wilì  overwritå thå resô oæ thå commanä line¬ therebù throwinç awaù thå nexô MENÕ command and giving us something totally different to work with. Undeò thå  option¬ wå wilì ruî MENÕ nexô anä simplù exiô iæ a MENU.CPR file is not found. 5.7 MENU Error Messages Iî  ordeò tï makå MENÕ aó smalì aó possiblå (iô ió undeò  2Ë byteó  iî size)¬  É havå reduceä thå erroò messageó tï á minimum® Instead¬  MENÕ  provideó á minimuí indicatioî thaô  somethinç  ió wrong and aborts. Thå prograí MCHECË ió designeä tï telì yoõ morå specificallù whaô ió wrong® MCHECË ió á MENU.CPÒ Syntaø Checker¬ anä iô lookó foò  alì  sortó oæ erroò conditionó thaô caî occuò iî á  MENU.CPÒ file. MCHECK is discussed in the next information section. MENÕ provideó thå followinç minimaì erroò messages: Message Meaning Full Memory is Full Invalid Option User Command is in Error Pass Err Invalid Password Given Str Err MENU.CPR File Structure Error 5.8 MCHECK -- MENU.CPR Syntax Checker MCHECË  shoulä catcè anù erroró madå iî á MENU.CPÒ filå bù á programmer®  Iô  ió noô guaranteed¬  buô haó beeî  testeä  quitå thoroughly. MCHECK accepts command lines of the following forms: MCHECK or MCHECK // <-- Print Internal Help MCHECK dir:filename <-- Check "filename.CPR" MCHECK dir:filename.typ <-- Check "filename.typ" Thå  DIRº  prefiø  maù bå useä witè thå filå names®  Iô  ió optional® Aó á DIRº prefix¬ thió acceptó thå DUº forí oò á nameä directory. MCHECK gives you the "standard" opening error messages: Error in Disk or User Number -- Aborting DIR: form was not acceptable Error in Opening File -- Aborting Problem with file TPA Overflow -- MENU.CPR File is Too Big -- Aborting It could be too big for MENU also (Full error of MENU) Iô theî startó processinç thå MENU.CPÒ filå iæ nonå oæ theså erroró  occur®  MCHECË printó thå linå numbeò anä erroò  messagå foò  eacè erroò encountered®  Iô alsï printó commentó aó  iô  ió running along. Non-error comments printed by MCHECK include: ** Global Options Detected ** There are global options in the file ** Menu Number nnn It is beginning the indicated menu ** End of Menu Check ** No Errors Detected -or- nnnnn Errors Detected Done and Error Count Fatal Errors which cause MCHECK to stop processing are: Error -- New Menu Expected, But # NOT Found -- Aborting Like it says; it gives a line number to help you find the problem Error -- Premature EOF Encountered -- Aborting The file did not end with ## Non-Fatal Errors for MCHECK (fatal for MENU, tho) are: Error -- Invalid Option: Invalid option in global or local option line Error -- Menu Number Out of Range A ":nn" option referenced a number out of range Thå  followinç ió á samplå ruî oæ MCHECË oî á gooä  MENU.CPÒ file: B7>mcheck zcpr:menu.cpr MCHECK Version 1.1 Line Comment/Error Message ---- --------------------- 1 ** Global Options Detected ** 2 ** Menu Number 0 17 ** Menu Number 1 28 ** Menu Number 2 39 ** Menu Number 3 48 ** Menu Number 4 57 ** End of Menu Check ** No Errors Detected .fo Section 6 - File Compare Utilities Page # 6.0 File Compare Utilities 6.1 File Comparison Utilities Under ZCPR2 Twï  utilitieó  arå  provideä witè ZCPR² tï  comparå  files® Both utilities are simple in form to use. These utilities are: COMPARE -- Compares two files by reading one, computing its CRC value, saving its CRC and size, and then reading the other and seeing if they match DIFF -- Prints out a difference listing between two files; different bytes encountered at the same relative displacements from the beginning of thå fileó arå printeä iî hexadecimal¬ decimal, and ASCII forms These commands are invoked by the following forms: COMPARE or COMPARE // <-- Print Help COMPARE dir:file1.typ,dir:file2.typ M <-- Compare DIFF or DIFF // <-- Print Help DIFF dir:file1.typ,dir:file2.typ M <-- Compare Thå  filå specó musô bå unambiguouó oò aî erroò wilì result® Thå DIRº  prefiø ió optional¬  anä maù bå á nameä directorù oò  á DU: form. Thå "M¢ ió optional¬ and¬ iæ present¬ selectó á Multiplå Ruî Modå  iî whicè thå useò ió alloweä tï changå diskó aó hå desires¬ á COMPARÅ oò DIFÆ ió done¬  anä theî thå procesó continueó  untiì the user aborts it. 6.2 CRC Check Utility Under ZCPR2 Thå  CRà Checë Utilitù distributeä witè ZCPR² computeó  CRà valueó  foò  á lisô oæ files®  Iô useó thå samå  CRà polynomiaì employeä bù Keitè Peterseî iî hió CRCË program¬  and¬  naturally¬ the values come out the same. Thå  CRà Checë Utilitù computeó thå CRà valueó oæ á selecteä seô  oæ fileó anä printó ouô thå filå  names¬  theiò  sizes¬  anä theiò CRà valueó iî hexadecimal® Á lisô oæ ambiguouó fileó nameó maù  bå  provideä  tï CRC¬  anä iô alsï respondó tï á  serieó  oæ options. The general form of the CRC command is: CRC dir:afn1,dir:afn2,... ooo... Š Iî  alì  ambiguouó  filå  references¬  thå  DIRº  prefiø  ió optional®  Thió prefiø maù bå á nameä directorù oò á  DUº  form® The options available under CRC are: C - Comment Output; the user is given an opportunity to enter comments for each file D - Disk Output; send output to the disk file CRC.CRC as well as to the console I - Inspect and approve file before CRC is computed P - Printer Output; send output to the printer as well as to the console Theså optionó maù bå combineä iî anù manneò desired®  Á CRà command of the form "CRC" or "CRC //" prints a help message. 6.3 Examples B7>compare help:lu.hlp,zcpr:lu.hlp COMPARE Version 1.4 Source File 1 -- A 16: LU .HLP Source File 2 -- A 11: LU .HLP ** Files are Identical ** B7>compare help.txt,s100.txt COMPARE Version 1.4 Source Fie 1 -- B 7: HELP .TXT Source File 2 -- B 7: S100 .TXT ** Files are Different ** B7>compare help:lu.hlp,c0: COMPARE Version 1.4 Source File 1 -- A 16: LU .HLP Source File 2 -- C 0: LU .HLP LU .HLP File Not Found B7>compare help:du2.hlp,c0: COMPARE Version 1.4 Source File 1 -- A 16: DU2 .HLP Source File 2 -- C 0: DU2 .HLP ** Files are Identical ** B7>compare help:du2.hlp,c0: m COMPARE Version 1.4 Source File 1 -- A 16: DU2 .HLP Source File 2 -- C 0: DU2 .HLP Change Disks if Desired and Type ^C or A to Abort or to Continue - Source File 1 -- A 16: DU2 .HLP Source File 2 -- C 0: DU2 .HLP ** Files are Identical ** COMPARE Version 1.4 Source File 1 -- A 16: DU2 .HLP Source File 2 -- C 0: DU2 .HLP Change Disks if Desired and Type ^C or A to Abort or to Continue - B7>diff help:du2.hlp,c0: DIFF Version 1.6 Source File 1 -- A 16: DU2 .HLP Source File 2 -- C 0: DU2 .HLP NO Differences Noted in Files B7>save 1 test.bin B7>zsid test.bin ZSID VERS 1.4 NEXT PC END 0200 0100 A2FF #s100 0100 C3 0 0101 70 1 0102 01 2 0103 FF . #s1f0 01F0 09 0 01F1 3C 0 01F2 3D 0 01F3 32 . #^C B7>save 1 test2.bin B7>compare test.bin,test2.bin COMPARE Version 1.4 Source File 1 -- B 7: TEST .BIN Source File 2 -- B 7: TEST2 .BIN ** Files are Different ** B7>diff test.bin,test2.bin DIFF Version 1.6 Source File 1 -- B 7: TEST .BIN Source File 2 -- B 7: TEST2 .BIN Rel Offset B 7: TEST .BIN B 7: TEST2 .BIN Hex Dec Hex Dec Asc Hex Dec Asc 0000 0 C3 195 C 00 0 . 0001 1 70 112 p 01 1 . 0002 2 01 1 . 02 2 . 00F0 240 09 9 . 00 0 . 00F1 241 3C 60 < 00 0 . 00F2 242 3D 61 = 00 0 . B7>crc *.* di CRC Version 2.0 ** File Inspection ** COMPARE .HLP -- Select (Y/N/S=Skip Rest/Q=Quit/other=Y)? Y CRC .CRC -- Select (Y/N/S=Skip Rest/Q=Quit/other=Y)? N HELP .TXT -- Select (Y/N/S=Skip Rest/Q=Quit/other=Y)? Y S100 .TXT -- Select (Y/N/S=Skip Rest/Q=Quit/other=Y)? S ** Inspection Complete ** 1 File: COMPARE .HLP -- Size: 4K -- CRC: 9F 8E 2 File: HELP .TXT -- Size: 4K -- CRC: 77 6E B7>type crc.crc 1 File: COMPARE .HLP -- Size: 4K -- CRC: 9F 8E 2 File: HELP .TXT -- Size: 4K -- CRC: 77 6E B7>crc *.* icd CRC Version 2.0 ** File Inspection ** COMPARE .HLP -- Select (Y/N/S=Skip Rest/Q=Quit/other=Y)? Y CRC .CRC -- Select (Y/N/S=Skip Rest/Q=Quit/other=Y)? N HELP .TXT -- Select (Y/N/S=Skip Rest/Q=Quit/other=Y)? Y S100 .TXT -- Select (Y/N/S=Skip Rest/Q=Quit/other=Y)? S ** Inspection Complete ** 1 File: COMPARE .HLP -- Size: 4K Comment? Help File for COMPARE and DIFF and CRC -- CRC: 9F 8E Comment: Help File for COMPARE and DIFF and CRC 2 File: HELP .TXT -- Size: 4K Comment? Note on Help Files -- CRC: 77 6E Comment: Note on Help Files B7>type crc.crc 1 File: COMPARE .HLP -- Size: 4K -- CRC: 9F 8E Comment: Help File for COMPARE and DIFF and CRC 2 File: HELP .TXT -- Size: 4K -- CRC: 77 6E Comment: Note on Help Files .fo Section 7 - File Copy Utility Page # 7.0 File Copy Utility 7.1 MCOPY Overview MCOPÙ  ió á filå copù prograí designeä foò uså undeò  ZCPR2® Iô  supportó  manù  featureó relateä specificallù  tï  thå  ZCPR² System and is very intimately tied into the ZCPR2 System. Thå  basiã  purposå  oæ  MCOPÙ ió tï  copù  fileó  froí  onå directorù (disk/useò area© tï anotheò undeò ZCPR2®  Iô  supportó thå   nameä  directorù  formó  oæ  ZCPR2¬   anä  thå  sourcå  anä destinatioî  directorieó  caî  bå specifieä  iî  termó  oò  nameä directories or DU: forms or both. MCOPÙ  ió alsï intendeä tï bå useä foò backuð purposes®  Iô haó  thå  abilitù  tï repeatedlù copù á seô  oæ  fileó  froí  onå directorù  tï another¬  pausinç betweeî successivå copù passeó tï allo÷  thå useò tï changå disks®  Á keù tï thå uså oæ  MCOPÙ  iî generaì  ió thaô oncå MCOPÙ haó beguî operations¬  thå useò  neeä neveò concerî himselæ witè Warí Bootinç thå systeí afteò changinç disks; MCOPY is doing that for him. Iî  copyinç  á  filå froí onå directorù  tï  another¬  MCOPÙ performs the following steps: 1® Iô logó intï thå sourcå directorù anä scanó foò thå files specified by the user 2®  Iô logó intï thå destinatioî directory¬ determineó iæ á copù oæ thå filå existó oî thå destinatioî anä deleteó iô iæ it does 3®  MCOPÙ copieó thå filå iî thå sourcå directorù intï the destination directory 4®  MCOPÙ  setó  thå  attributeó oæ thå  filå  iî  thå destinatioî  directorù  tï  bå thå samå aó thoså  iî  thå  sourcå directory 5®  MCOPÙ optionallù verifieó botè fileó bù meanó oæ á CRC Check MCOPY is invoked by one of the following forms: MCOPY // <-- Print Help MCOPÙ <-- Enteò Interactivå Mode MCOPY files options <-- Immediately Copy Thå "MCOPÙ fileó options¢ forí ió extremelù flexiblå iî  itó capabilities®   Wheî   firsô  invoked¬   MCOPÙ  haó  á   defaulô destinatioî directorù defineä (bù GENINS)®  Thå "files¢ fielä ió á  serieó  oæ  filå  assignmenô  specifications¬   wherå  sucè  á specification is of the form: dir:=dir:filename.typ or dir:filename.typ Iæ  thå  firsô forí ió encountered¬  thå defaulô  destinatioî  ió temporarilù  redefineä tï bå thå directorù indicateä oî thå  lefô oæ  thå "=¢ character¬  anä alì fileó referenceä thereafteò untiì the next "dir:=dir:filename.typ" form are copied to this default. To illustrate my point, note the following example: MCOPY FILE1.*,HELP:FILE2.HLP,TEMP:=TEST.TXT,HI.* Let'ó assumå thaô thå defaulô defineä bù GENINÓ ió thå  directorù nameä  BACKUP®  Iî  thió  case¬  fileó matchinç FILE1.ª  iî  thå currenô  directorù arå copieä tï BACKUP¬  thå filå  FILE2.HLР iî directorù  HELР ió copieä tï BACKUP¬  thå filå TEST.TXÔ  iî  thå currenô directorù ió copieä tï TEMP¬  anä thå fileó matchinç HI.ª in the current directory are copied to TEMP. Oncå  á  DIR:½ ió encountered¬  thå defaulô  destinatioî  ió redefined®  Encounterinç á differencå source¬  however¬ doeó noô change what the default source directory is. 7.2 MCOPY Command Line Options Thå  optionó portioî oæ thå "MCOPÙ fileó options¢ commanä ió a set of none or more of the following characters: E -- Test for Existence of File on Destination and User Approves Copy before Copy is Done I -- User Approves Each File before Copy Begins M -- Multiple Copy (Repeat) Facility Q -- Quiet Operation (No Activity Displays) V -- Verify Facility GENINÓ ió useä tï seô thå defaulô settingó foò eacè oæ theså optionó (turninç theí oî oò off)¬ anä thå optioî characteró servå to toggle the settings from the defaults. Thå  Å  optioî  (Existencå Test© lookó  oî  thå  destinatioî directorù  tï  seå  iæ thå filå iô ió abouô tï  copù  ió  alreadù there® Iô theî telló thå useò oæ itó findingó anä askó hií iæ hå wantó tï gï aheaä witè thå copy®  Thå useò maù elecô tï copù  oò noô copù aó hå desires. Thå  É  optioî (Inspect© displayó alì fileó whicè matcè  thå indicateä sourcå fileó tï thå user¬  allowinç hií tï selecô whicè fileó  hå  wantó tï copy®  Iô theî copieó  thå  selecteä  files® MCOPÙ  performó  thió  operatioî  foò eacè seô oæ  fileó  iî  thå command line (separated by commas). Thå  Í  optioî (Multiplå Copy© pauseó  beforå  startinç  thå copy¬  allowinç  thå useò tï aborô thå procedurå oò inserô á disë intï thå source¬  thå destination¬  oò botè anä instrucô MCOPÙ tï proceed®  Afteò copyinç alì oæ thå indicateä files¬  MCOPÙ  theî pauseó  again¬  allowinç  thå useò tï agaiî changå  disks®  Thió continues until the user aborts the procedure. Thå  Ñ optioî (Quiet© turnó ofæ thå MCOPÙ activitù  display® Iî normaì operation¬ MCOPÙ ió constantlù tellinç thå useò whaô iô ió  doing®  É  feeì  thaô thió ió  betteò  thaî  quietlù  havinç problems without the user knowing what is going on. Thå  Ö  optioî (Verify© ió useä tï checë thå copieä filå  tï insurå thaô thå copù ió good®  Witè thió optioî  engaged¬  MCOPÙ computeó  á  CRà valuå oæ thå sourcå filå aó iô readó  it®  Wheî MCOPÙ haó completeä thå copy¬ iô readó thå destinatioî filå back¬ computinç itó CRà value¬  and¬ wheî complete¬ iô compareó thå twï CRà values¬  tellinç thå useò iæ aî erroò iî thå  copù  occurreä (i.e., different CRC values resulted). 7.3 MCOPY Interactive Mode Iæ   thå  user'ó  commanä  ió  simplù  "MCOPY"¬   theî   thå Interactivå Modå ió enabled®  Iî responså tï thió command¬ MCOPÙ displays the following prompt: MCOPY Status: EIMQV -- MCOPY Command (? for Help)? wherå anù oæ thå characteró iî "EIMQV¢ maù bå omitted® Thå EIMQÖ characteró  indicatå  thå  statuó oæ thå variouó  MCOPÙ  options¬ namely: E indicates that File Existence Test is ON I indicates that Inspect Mode is ON M indicates that Multiple Copy is ON Q indicates that Quiet Mode is ON V indicates that MCOPY will Verify Thå MCOPÙ commanä prompteä foò ió á singlå  character¬  caså insignificant®  Yoõ  caî  togglå  eacè onå oæ theså  optionó  bù simply striking the appropriate letter. Therå  arå siø MCOPÙ Commandó tï perforí variouó  functions® These commands are: C - Copy a File or Set of Files D - Directory Display F - Compute Amount of Free Space on Disk L - Log in New Directories S - Display MCOPY Status X or ^C - Exit Thå  Ã  commanä  (Copy©  allowó yoõ  tï  specifù  á  seô  oæ destinations¬ sources¬ anä fileó aó yoõ coulä aô thå commanä linå level®    Eacè    seô    ió   separateä   bù    commaó    (like¬ "dir:=dir:f1.typ,f2.typ,dir:=dir:f3.typ"). Thå Ä commanä (Directory© displayó á sorteä directorù tï thå useò  oæ  thå  defaulô directorù oò onå  oæ  hió  choice®  Nameä directorieó oò thå DUº forí maù bå useä tï specifù thå directory® Thå defaulô directorù ió thå lasô destinatioî directorù copieä tï or selected by the L command. Thå  Æ  commanä  computeó thå amounô oæ freå spacå  lefô  oî disk. The user may select the disk or ride with the default. Thå  Ì commanä allowó thå useò tï specifù á ne÷  destinatioî or source directory. Thå   Ó  commanä  telló  thå  useò  thå  Statuó  oæ   MCOPY¬ particularlù  whaô thå currenô sourcå anä destinatioî directorieó are. X or ^C exits MCOPY to ZCPR2. 7.4 Sample MCOPY Sessions B7>mcopy help:=mcopy.hlp MCOPY Version 2.8 Copy B 7: MCOPY .HLP to A 16: No Original File MCOPY .HLP on Destination Reading 7K Writing 7K Copy Complete, Verify Phase -- Reading 7K Verify Complete **** MCOPY Compete **** 1 File Copied 0 Copy Errors B7>mcopy 1:=*.hlp,*.txt i MCOPY Version 2.8 Copy B 7: ????????.HLP to B 1: MCOPY .HLP -- Copy (Y/N/Q=Quit and Skip Rest/=Y)? Y No Original File MCOPY .HLP on Destination Reading 7K Writing 7K Copy Complete, Verify Phase -- Reading 7K Verify Complete Copy B 7: ????????.TXT to B 1: HELP .TXT -- Copy (Y/N/Q=Quit and Skip Rest/=Y)? Y S100 .TXT -- Copy (Y/N/Q=Quit and Skip Rest/=Y)? N No Orginal File HELP .TXT on Destination Reading 1K Writing 1K Copy Complete, Verify Phase -- Reading 1K Verify Complete **** MCOPY Complete **** 2 Files Copied 0 Copy Errors B7>mcopy MCOPY Version 2.8 MCOPY Status: V -- MCOPY Command (? for Help)? ? MCOPY Status: E I M Q V These Status Characters have the following meanings: E - File Existence Test Mode is ON I - File Selection Inspect Mode is ON M - Muliple Copy Function Mode is ON Q - Quiet Mode is ON V - Verify Mode is ON The Status Characters, as commands, toggle their respective modes. Other valid MCOPY Commands are: C - Copy a File or Set of Files D - Directory Display F - Compute Amount of Free Space on Disk L - Log in New User/Disks S - Display MCOPY Status (Cur and Dest User/Disk) X or ^C - Exit MCOPY MCOPY Status: V -- MCOPY Command (? for Help)? d ** Directory Display ** File Spec (=C 0:*.*)? b1: DEMO .COM 4K DEMO .MAC 4K DEMO .ZEX 4K GENINS .MAC 44K HELP .TXT 4K MCOPY .HLP 8K TEMPLATE.MAC 12K ** 80K Occupied by Displayed Files, 4048K Remaining on Disk B ** MCOPY Status: V -- MCOPY Command (? for Help)? c File Spec (=Abort)? zcpr:=mcopy.hlp Copy B 7: MCOPY .HLP to A 11: No Original File MCOPY .HLP on Destination Reading 7K Writing 7K Copy Complete, Verify Phase -- Reading 7K Verify Complete **** MCOPY Complete **** 1 File Copied 0 Copy Errors MCOPY Status: V -- MCOPY Command (? for Help)? f ** Free Space Data ** Disk (=A)? 1328K Bytes Remaining on Disk A MCOPY Status: V -- MCOPY Command (? for Help)? f ** Free Space Data ** Disk (=A)? B 4048K Bytes Remaining on Disk B MCOPY Status: V -- MCOPY Command (? for Help)? x ** MCOPY Exiting **