ASM86  EXAMPLES COMMANDS  COPYDISK  gEXAMPLES  DDT86  HCOMMANDS  vPARAMETERS ( MEXAMPLES - fDIR / EXAMPLES 0 ;DIRS 2 EXAMPLES 3 RED 5 1COMMANDS 7 9EXAMPLES M %ERA N PEXAMPLES O qFILENAME Q ,CONVENTIONS ` GENCMD d LEXAMPLES j aHELP l KPIP r UEXAMPLES y OPTIONS UREN EXAMPLES STAT CEXAMPLES OPTIONS SUBMIT dEXAMPLE ^TOD cEXAMPLES NTYPE DEXAMPLES 1USER ZEXAMPLES $ )_M ///1asm86 FORMAT: ASM86 filespec {$Ad Hd Pd Sd Fd} A source file drive - .A86 d = (logical drives A-P) H hex file drive - .H86 d = (logical drives A-P, X,Y,Z) P print file drive - .LST d = (logical drives A-P, X,Y,Z) S symbol file drive - .SYM d = (logical drives A-P, X,Y,Z) F format of hex file- .H86 d = (D=Digital Research, I=Intel) PURPOSE: Assembles assembly language statements, producing an object file in hexadecimal format, a print file and a symbol table file. The assumed filetype of source and included files is A86. The special characters X, Y and Z indicate output to the console, output to the printer and zero output respectively. If no format is specified, Digital Research format (FD) is assumed. ///2examples EXAMPLES: A>ASM86 PROG A>ASM86 PROG $SZ PX A>ASM86 PROG $HB PY AC ///1commands CP/M-86 COMMAND FORMAT: A>COMMAND {COMMAND TAIL} To give CP/M-86 a command, you must type a complete command line at the CP/M-86 system prompt. A CP/M-86 command line is composed of a command keyword, an optional command tail, and a carriage return keystroke. The command keyword identifies a command (program) to be executed. The optional command tail may consist of a file specification or various parameters to the command. To complete the command you must press the carriage return key. ///1copydisk FORMAT: COPYDISK PURPOSE: Copies all information on one disk to another disk, including the CP/M system tracks if they are present on the source disk. COPYDISK prompts you for the source and destination drives. ///2examples EXAMPLES: A>COPYDISK ///1ddt86 FORMAT: DDT86 {filespec} PURPOSE: Aids debugging of 8086 and 8088 programs. Assumes filetype of CMD if a filename is specified. Use GENCMD to convert hexadecimal (H86) files to command files (CMD) before using DDT86. ///2commands DDT-86 Command Summary The command character may be followed by one or more arguments, which may be hexadecimal values, file specifications or other information, depending on the command. Arguments are separated from each other by commas or spaces. No spaces are allowed between the command character and the first argument. As (Assemble) Enter Assembly Language Statements Bs,f,s1 (Block Compare) Compare Blocks of Memory D (Display) Display Memory in Hexadecimal and ASCII Efilespec (Execution) Load Program for Execution Fs,f,bc (Fill) Fill Memory Block (byte) with a constant FWs,f,wc (Fill) Fill Memory Block (word) G{s}{,b1{,b2}} (Go) Begin Execution with optional breakpoints Hwc1,wc2 (Hex) Hexadecimal Sum and Difference Icommand tail (Input) Set Up Input Command Line L{s{,f}} (List) List Memory in Mnemonic Form Ms,f,d (Move) Move Memory Block Rfilespec (Read) Read Disk File into Memory S{W}s (Set) Set Memory Values T{n} (Trace) Trace Program Execution TS{n} (Trace) Trace and Show All Registers U{n} (Untrace) Monitor execution without Trace US{n} (Untrace) Monitor and Show all Registers V (Verify) Show Memory Layout after Disk Read Wfilespec (Write) Write Content of Block to Disk X{r} (Examine) Examine and Modify CPU Registers ///3parameters DDT86 COMMAND PARAMETERS Parameter Replace With bc byte constant b1 breakpoint one b2 breakpoint two d destination for data f final address n number of instructions to execute r register or flag name s starting address s1 second starting address W word 16-bit wc word constant ///2examples EXAMPLES: A>DDT86 A>DDT86 PROGRAM1 A>DDT86 PROGRAM2.CMD A>DDT86 B:PROGRAM3.CMD ///1dir FORMAT: DIR {filespec} PURPOSE: Displays the names of non-system (DIR) files in the directory of an on-line disk. ///2examples EXAMPLES: A>DIR A>DIR B: A>DIR C:MYFILE.DAT A>DIR *.CMD A>DIR A*.A86 A>DIR PROG???.H86 A>DIR PROGRAM.* ///1DIRS FORMAT: DIRS {filespec} PURPOSE: Displays the names of system (SYS) files in the directory of an on-line disk. ///2examples EXAMPLE: A>DIRS A>DIRS B: A>DIRS C:MYFILE.CMD A>DIRS *.CMD A>DIRS A*.CMD A>DIRS PROG???.CMD A>DIRS PROGRAM.* ///1ed FORMAT: ED input-filespec {d:|output-filespec} PURPOSE: Character file editor. Redirect or rename the new version of the file by specifying the destination drive or destination filespec. ///2commands ED Command Summary Note: CP points to the current character being referenced in the edit buffer. Command Action nA append n lines from original file to memory buffer 0A append file until buffer is one half full #A append file until buffer is full (or end of file) B, -B move CP to the beginning (B) or bottom (-B) of buffer nC, -nC move CP n characters forward (C) or back (-C) through buffer nD, -nD delete n characters before (-D) or from (D) the CP E save new file and return to CP/M-86 Fstring^Z find character string H save the new file, then reedit, using the new file as the original file I enter insert mode Istring^Z insert string at CP Jsearch_str^Zins_str^Zdel_to_str juxtapose strings nK, -nK delete (kill) n lines from the CP nL, -nL, 0L move CP n lines nMcommand execute commands n times n, -n move CP n lines and display that line n: move to line n :ncommand execute command through line n Nstring extended find string O return to original file nP, -nP move CP 23 lines forward and display 23 lines at console Q abandon new file, return to CP/M-86 R read X$$$$$$$.LIB file into buffer Rfilespec^Z read filespec into buffer Sdelete string^Zinsert string^Z substitute string nT, -nT, 0T type n lines U, -U upper-case translation V, -V line numbering on/off 0V display free buffer space nW write n lines to new file 0W write until buffer is half empty nX write or append n lines to X$$$$$$$.LIB nXfilespec^Z write n lines to filespec or append if previous x command applied to the same file 0x delete file X$$$$$$$.LIB 0xfilespec^Z delete filespec nZ wait n seconds ///2examples EXAMPLES: A>ED TEST.DAT A>ED TEST.DAT B: A>ED TEST.DAT TEST2.DAT A>ED TEST.DAT B:TEST2.DAT ///1era FORMAT: ERA filespec PURPOSE: Erases a file or group of files. Accepts ambiguous filenames. ///2examples EXAMPLES: A>ERA DRAFT.BAK A>ERA B:LETTER.DAT A>ERA C:LETTER.* A>ERA D:*.BAK A>ERA B:*.* ///1filename FILENAME FORMAT CP/M-86 identifies every file by its unique file specification. A file specification can have three parts: a drive specification, a primary filename and a filetype, all separated by their appropriate dilimiters. A drive letter must be followed by a colon. A filetype must be preceeded by a period. The term "filespec" is an abbreviation for file specification, and indicates any valid combination of the filename and the filetype. This summary uses the following symbols to designate the parts of a filespec. d: represents the optional drive specification, which may be a single alphabetical character in the range A through P followed by a colon. filename represents the required primary filename, which may be 1 to 8 alphabetic or numeric characters. typ represents the optional filetype, which may be 0 to 3 alphabetic or numeric characters separated form the primary filename by a period. Valid combinations of the elements of a file specification are shown below: o d: o filename o d:filename o filename.typ o d:filename.typ Certian CP/M-86 commands can select and process several files when "wildcard" characters ar included in the primary filename or filetype. The two wildcard characters are ?, which matches an single letter in the same position, and *, which matches any character at that position and any other characters remaining in the filename or filetype. The command summary indicates which commands can accept wildcard characters in the filespec. ///2conventions COMMAND SUMMARY CONVENTIONS The command summary lists each CP/M-86 command in alphabetical order using the following special symbols to define command syntax: {} indicate an optional item. n indicates a number. | separates choices indicates a carriage return. ^ indicates the Control Key. RW means Read Write RO means Read Only SYS means System attribute DIR means Directory attribute ///1gencmd FORMAT: GENCMD filespec {8080 CODE[An,Bn,Mn,Xn] DATA[An,Bn,Mn,Xn] STACK[An,Bn,Mn,Xn] EXTRA[An,Bn,Mn,Xn]} A = Absolute memory location B = Beginning address of group in .H86 file M = Minimum memory required X = Maximum memory required PURPOSE: Converts hexadecimal object file (filetype assumed to be .H86) into executable file (of type .CMD). Switches controlling the type of memory model and group addresses may be included. All addresses are paragraph addresses. All values must be in hexadecimal. ///2examples EXAMPLES: A>GENCMD PROG B>GENCMD PROG1 8080 B>GENCMD PROG2 DATA[M20] A>GENCMD PROG3 DATA[B4C,M260,XFFF] A>GENCMD PROG4 CODE[A40] DATA[M30] ///1help FORMAT: HELP {topic}{,subtopic}...{[P]} PURPOSE: To supply information on how to use CPM-86 commands. HELP with no command tail lists the available topics. HELP, when followed by a topic and an optional sequence of subtopics, displays information about that topic on your screen. At the HELP prompt ( HELP> ), you may enter a topic and optional subtopics. A RETURN with no topic specified terminates HELP. Help allows up to 8 subtopics. When the P option is used, the HELP display does NOT pause every 23 lines. EXAMPLES: A>HELP dir A>HELP stat options[P] A>HELP HELP> help HELP> stat examples ///1pip FORMAT: PIP dest-file{[Gn]}=src-file{[OPTIONS]}{,...} PIP dest-file|dev=src-file{[OPTIONS]}|dev{[OPTIONS]} PURPOSE: Copies files, combines files and transfers files between peripheral devices. The first filespec is the destination. The second filespec is the source. The source or destination can be any CP/M-86 logical device. PIP with no command tail displays an * prompt and awaits your series of commands, entered and executed one line at a time. Source filespecs with options may be repeated, separated by commas, to combine two or more files into one file. [OPTIONS] is any combination of the available options. The [Gn] option in the destination designates the USER number of the destination. ///2examples EXAMPLES: COPY FROM ONE DISK TO ANOTHER A>PIP B:=A:DRAFT.TXT A>PIP B:DRAFT.TXT = A: COPY A FILE AND RENAME IT A>PIP B:NEWDRAFT.TXT=A:OLDDRAFT.TXT A>PIP NEWDRAFT.TXT=OLDDRAFT.TXT COPY MULTIPLE FILES A>PIP A>PIP B:=*.TXT[AV] A>PIP B:=*.CMD[RW] A>PIP B:=C:DRAFT.* A>PIP B:=*.* A>PIP B:=C:*.* COMBINE MULTIPLE FILES A>PIP B:NEW.DAT=FILE1.DAT,FILE2.DAT COPY, RENAME AND PLACE IN USER 1 A>PIP NEWDRAFT.TXT[G1]=OLDDRAFT.TXT COPY, RENAME AND GET FROM USER 1 A>PIP NEWDRAFT.TXT=OLDDRAFT.TXT[G1] COPY TO/FROM LOGICAL DEVICES A>PIP B:FUNFILE.SUE=CON: A>PIP LST:=CON: A>PIP LST:=B:DRAFT.TXT[T8] A>PIP PRN:=B:DRAFT.TXT ///2options PIP OPTIONS: Dn - Delete any characters past column n. E - Echo transfer to console. F - Filter form-feeds from source data. Gn - Get from or go to user code n. (default n=current user num.) H - Test for valid Hex format. I - Ignore :00 Hex data records and test for valid Hex format. K - Kill display of filenames on console. L - Translate upper case to lower case. N - Number output lines O - Object file transfer, ^Z ignored. Pn - Set page length to n. (default n=60) Qs^Z - Quit copying from source at string s. R - Read files that have been set to SYStem. Ss^Z - Start copying from the source at the string s. U - Translate lower case to upper case. V - Verify that data has been written correctly. W - Write over Read Only files without console query. Z - Zero the parity bit. All options except G,K,O,R,V and W force an ASCII file transfer (character by character, terminated by a ^Z). ///1ren FORMAT: REN {d:}newname{.typ}=oldname{.typ} PURPOSE: Changes the name of the existing file specified by oldname to the name specified by newname. You cannot specify two different drives. ///2examples EXAMPLES: A>REN NEWFILE.DAT = OLDFILE.DAT A>REN B:NEWFILE.DAT = OLDFILE.DAT A>REN B:NEWLIST=OLDLIST ///1stat FORMAT: STAT STAT d:= RO STAT filespec {RO|RW|SYS|DIR|SIZE} STAT {d:}DEV:|DSK:|USR:|VAL: STAT logical device = physical device PURPOSE: To supply information about the disk drives, files and peripheral devices attached to the computer. STAT also changes attributes of files and devices. STAT with no command tail returns the amount of free storage space in Kilobytes (1024 bytes or 1K) for all on-line disks since CP/M was started or reloaded. It also indicates whether the drive is set to Read Only (RO) or Read Write (RW). Drives are in a RW state by default, and become RO when you change a disk and do not enter a Ctrl-C. Use STAT to set the drive to RO and Ctrl-C to set it to RW. STAT with a file specified in the command tail returns the number of kilobytes used by that file. STAT with a filspec can also set a file or group of files to RO, RW, SYS or DIR. STAT DSK: shows the characteristics of the default or specified drive. STAT USR: shows which user numbers contain files on a given disk. STAT VAL: shows the possible external devices that can be assigned to your computer. STAT accepts wildcards in the command tail. Note that STAT accepts a dollar sign ($), square bracket ([), or no delimiter before RO, RW, SYS, DIR, and SIZE options. ///2examples EXAMPLES: A>STAT A>STAT B:=RO A>STAT myfile.txt A>STAT C:letter.bak A>STAT genledgr.dat RO,SYS A>STAT *.cmd RO A>STAT *.bak A>STAT B:*.* ///2options STAT OPTIONS: RW = Read Write RO = Read Only SYS = System attribute DIR = NO System attribute SIZE = Show the size of the file or files VAL: = Shows possible devices USR: = Shows USER numbers containing files DSK: = Shows characteristics of the default drive DEV: = Shows current physical to logical device assignments ///1submit FORMAT: SUBMIT filespec {actual parameters} PURPOSE: Submits a batch process consisting of a file of CP/M-86 commands (one command per line in file). The SUBMIT file must have a filetype of SUB. Any optional parameters (for example a drive or file specification) following the file specification in the command line are substituted for their corresponding formal parameters ($1,$2,$3...) in the file of type SUB. ///2example EXAMPLES: A>SUBMIT START A>SUBMIT B:START A>SUBMIT START C: LETTER ///1tod FORMAT: TOD {mm/dd/yy hh:mm:ss | P} PURPOSE: Display or set the date and time. TOD with no command tail displays the system date and time. Time is represented as a twenty-four hour clock, with hour values from 00 to 11 for the morning, and 12 to 23 for the afternoon and evening. TOD with the P option displays the date and time continuously, until you strike any key. TOD sets the date and time to that which is specified in the command tail. When you start CP/M, these values are initially set to zero. Use TOD to set the current date and time. Supply a two-digit representation of the month, day and year for mm, dd, and yy respectively. Supply a two-digit representation of the hours, minutes and seconds for hh, mm and ss respectively. When the time specified corresponds to the correct time, strike a key and TOD sets the current date and time. ///2examples EXAMPLES: A>TOD A>TOD P A>TOD 02/14/81 12:00:00 ///1type FORMAT: TYPE filespec PURPOSE: Displays contents of an ASCII file on the screen. Press any key to discontinue the display. TYPE does not accept wildcard filespecs. Entering a ^P prior to the type command causes the output to be echoed to the printer until another ^P is entered. ///2examples EXAMPLES: A>TYPE letter.dat B>TYPE a:document.law C>TYPE program.bas D>TYPE program.a86 ///1user FORMAT: USER {number 0 - 15} PURPOSE: Displays and changes the current user number. USER with no command tail displays the current user number. USER with a number from 0 to 15 changes the current user number to the number specified by n. CP/M assumes a default user number of 0. Files set to SYStem on USER 0 are available to all USER areas as Read- Only. ///2examples EXAMPLES: A>USER B>USER 2 A>USER 7 f files to RO, RW, SYS or DIR. STAT DSK: shows the characteristics of the default or specified drive. STAT USR: sh