3\X COPYRIGHT (C) 1979, DIGITAL RESEARCH _͌> ͒> Ò> Ò͘~#͌ì _2<ԯ2 Շ!۶2:2a{_:۷ʖ:۷>Ľʖ:=2–!B!6#5ʖ:۷Ľ!ͬʧ )!F#xʺ~0wëw!" !~6ͽ:ý(!#͘*~ "ַ"͌#>?͌͘ =_.:;<> Oօo$>!Y2*O"ʉ@G:ʐ:wÖx2p0ʹ#*©6?ëw˜0ï#6 ¹.0#*6?w0#6 #6" #~?  xDIR ERA TYPESAVEREN USER!yO#< Ty#O 3ׯ21y_͸2y2ͽ:Է˜1͘A͌>>92^ :۷¥.!_~#fow]٭ڎڥ!v"!çREAD ERRORçNO FILE^:۷ ! ~ 3#0 Wx x ր ւ G ~ # 3x~#B!Y~ɯ2:۷=!۾ý:۷=!۾:ý^T!~  6?#ˆ:`O> K{͘A͒>:͒͢>:͒͢xK > K > ͒x  ͢ØÆ^ BRͧ9!5‚#~Y‚#"T<ÆALL (Y/N)?^ Tʧ͘!6!~ڇ ٯw4!Y~ʆ͌†t=ʆf ^ T ٯ2o&)|+!<ͧÆNO SPACE^ :Ty!B*O=?_s#"^sG!~Yڸpsp2mÆÆf ͧÆFILE EXISTS _: É: :۷ʉ=2)ͽÉ T!@k!0}|q=qf^!~2>`~2ۯ2\!!B!~> >#0~O#Cx2͘1)ͽÂf zͧÆBAD LOADCOMf^: !۶ Â$$$ SUBܙܥܫܱ"C{2!"E9"1A߯22!ty)K!G_^#V*Cސ~E ,&-AGMSߛ!!ô!ô!Bdos Err On : $Bad Sector$Select$File R/O$:BA2!~6 O͐  :߷E B 2>: ߷b# : ߷y! 4 5~yy5 6yҐ^H@Oy H H: –ͬ  #H: ! ߾ Hù H H $O͐: 2 *CN# x: 2 p&x~+é7ݯ2 H! >w_: ! ߾5ͤNkͱ¦ͱxʊ#Nx: ߷! ߖ2 ͤ! 5™#wO~x½p Hy<< ʑ :!qMD#2E>! ^#V w#P:BO|^#V#"##"##"##"!O*!O*|!6ʝ6>*w#w*w#w'û*! 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A. DobynsRRÛSIllegal Drive name  Directory for Drive %c: *.*! Hit any key to return to menu: (Written and directed by Barry A. Dobyns.<%s %s %s %s %sS6h62=χ64X=S6(7 ?S6T-*S6hoS6h62|S6h62և64XS6 SS6( 7 S6(6SS6h6,4S6D !9DM*C*+j+`iw#w͐| ! !,+++++! !,++++!"ߌ"}2!"*P**6*96*#"!"*҃*)w#w!"*y*k*6*#"N*#"0+,ͧ,9-E"* ڨ*ͧ-+,*>Xº>A >>A > >M >*>W >C>c >Z>o >R >{ >D >ʇ >E >ʓ >F& >ʟ >P2 >ʫ >S> >ʷ `is#r `i6#6 `is#r G`is#r `is#r = `is#r `is#r H`is#r  `is#r `is#r `is#r /`is#r ûï!9Type one character to indicate your selection now.Your pleasure: (E, F, P, S, D, Z, R, C, X) !X !,++++,!P!! ! .|v !! !,+++!͆0! ͆0+,!P!9! ! .|¾ !! !,+++!͆0! ͆0!9͆0! ͆0+,ͧ,9-EY) ! !,++! P!!9!AP! !,++! P!What is the current name of the file you wish to rename:>What new name do you wish to rename '' to:>Do you really wish to rename '' to '' ? Not Renamed.File Renamed.>2!!E!!,+++!P!9! !2.|O !!9!E͵0"ߌ*n}s *|€ !1!!"* *)w#w!"* *k*6*#"ä *#"Æ *"!"ߌ!"">2,++++F3+,!4!,++++9-E"* 6 *ͧ-+,*>XH >ʟ >GT >ʤ >D` > >Cl >G>Ax >ʔ>V„ >ʼ>P >>Oœ >1!>2*ߌ#"ߌ)*s#r*ߌ#"ߌ)w#w!]3| *ߌ#"ߌ)ͬ4s#r!b!,+++*#"k!͟F*ߌ#"ߌ)*ks#r!3|W!͹4|g!͹4|w*ߌ#"ߌ)!c͝5s#r!3|ʤ*ߌ#"ߌ)7s#r!3|*ߌ#"ߌ)7s#r!3|!͹4|!͹4|*ߌ#"ߌ)!p͝5s#r!͹4|A!͹4|Q!3|a*ߌ#"ߌ)!o͝5s#r!!,+++*#"k!͟F*ߌ#"ߌ)*ks#r*}*ߌ#)*s#r !1!pf Type the name of the file you wish to format below>Your pleasure: (D, C, P, O, V, A, G, X) -devWhat device do you wish to format this for? %s-c-o-p-pause-verbatim-p-o-c-p-c-oWhat do you wish to name the output file? %s!9DM`iw#w>2!!E!!,+++!P!9! !1.|B!!9!E͵0"ߌ*n}f*|t!1!!"**)w#w!"**k*6*#"Ø*#"z*"!"ߌ!"s%>2,++++F3+,!3!,++++9-E"* **ͧ-+,*>X<>{>GH>ʁ>NT>ʮ>C`>O>Pl>>Ox>D÷!>2*ߌ#"ߌ)*s#r*ߌ#"ߌ)w#wú!V3|ʾú*ߌ#"ߌ)7s#r!\!,+++*#"k!͟F*k7|-*ߌ+"ߌ#)w#wL*ߌ#"ߌ)*ks#rú͐|^ͪ8ú!*#"kE*ߌ#"ߌ)*ks#r!!,+++*#"k!͟F*k7|*ߌ+"ߌ#)w#w*k*ߌ)~#foE`i6#6ú!3|,ú*ߌ#"ߌ)7s#rú!3|Tú*ߌ#"ߌ)+9s#r!!,+++*#"k!͟F*ߌ#"ߌ)*ks#rú*}*ߌ#)*s#r!1!!9pp Type below the name of the formatted file you wish to print>Your pleasure: (N, O, P, C, G, X) -pageWhat page do you wish to begin printing with? %s-How many copies do you want to print? %s-pause-portTo which PortName should the output be sent? %s>2!!E!!,+++!P!9! !.|@!!9!E͵0"ߌ*n}d*|q!1!!"**)w#w!"**k*6*#"Õ*#"w*"!"ߌ!"͝'>2,++++F3+,!!,++++9-E"* '*ͧ-+,*>X9>ʄ>GE>ʉ>AQ>ʶ>N]>>Bi> >Du>ʫ>P>&á!>2*ߌ#"ߌ)*s#r*ߌ#"ߌ)w#wä!:3|ä*ߌ#"ߌ)!a͝5s#rä!=3|ä!@͹4|ä*ߌ#"ߌ)!n͝5s#rä!C3|0ä!F͹4|@ä*ߌ#"ߌ)!b͝5s#r!I!,+++*#"k!v͟F*ߌ#"ߌ)*ks#rä!y3|ʻä*ߌ#"ߌ)!d͝5s#r!|!,+++*#"k!͟F*ߌ#"ߌ)*ks#rä!3|6ä*ߌ#"ߌ)!x͝5s#r!!,+++*#"k!͟F*ߌ#"ߌ)*ks#rää*}*ߌ#)*s#r!1!ps Type the name of the file whose spelling you wish to check>Your pleasure: (A, B, D, N, P, G, X) -a-n-b-b-nWhat is the backup extension? <3 characters>%s-dWhat is the Dictionary name? %s-xWhat is the Affix table name? %s! !,+++!͆0!͆0!.͆0!6͆0F͆09-!This Version: 1.20 Creation Date: 3-14-83 Serial Number: >29!!,+++9-EYw!!!,++++,!P!! !.|¯!͵0!1!Are you positive you want to send CP/M a command line? Your Command line for CP/M: >!!,++++,!P!! !.|Q!! !,+++!͆0!(͆0+,ͧ,9-EYʬ!-!,++! P!!͠P!:!,++! P!What is the name of the file you wish to delete:>Do you really wish to delete '' ? Not Deleted.File Deleted.!!E*ߌ)s#r!!,+++!P!9! !.|›!*ߌ#"ߌ)9s#r*ߌ#"ߌ)w#w!1!pw What is the name of the file you wish to edit?>!9DM!!,++++,9-`is`in&E> ?>r> K>r>W>y>c>y>o>yÂ`i6aÂ!ÏÂ`in&99Ï!9Which Drive do you desire a directory of? (e.g. A) !!,+++9-EYB;͵P!!Are you sure you want to exit to CP/M? !a!,+++!!,++9-!That option is currently unimplemented, let's try one from the list above.! !!+! ͆0! ͆0! !!+!!!!+!!!!+!I!!!+!~!!!+!!!!+!!!! +! "!! +!("!! +!;"!! +!]"!!++,Perfect Writer Version 1.20 Main Selection Menu(C) 1982 Perfect Software, Inc.Selections:E - Edit a file F - Format a file P - Print a formatted file S - Check the spelling of a file D - Look at the directory on a diskZ - Delete (erase) a fileR - Rename a fileC - Send a command line to CP/M X - Exit from this menu to CP/M j+!]#!!+!#!!+!#!!+!#! !+!$! !+!)$! !+!S$! !+!x$! !+!$! ! +!$! ! +!.%! ! +!K%! ! +(Perfect Writer) Perfect Formatter Selection Menu(C) 1982 Perfect Software, Inc.Available options for the formatter are:C - Send the output to the console deviceD - Format for a different device typeP - Send the output to the printer deviceO - Name the output file differentlyV - Make the top level environment Verbatim instead of Text (Verbatim causes the output to appear as it does on the screen)A - Pause for manual insertion of each sheet of paperG - Start the formatting nowX - Return to the top level of the menuj+!&!!+!K&!!+!k&!!+!&! !+!&! !+!&! !+!0'! !+!U'! !+!u'! ! +(Perfect Writer) Perfect Printer Selection Menu(C) 1982 Perfect Software, Inc.Available options for Perfect Printer are:N - Start printing at a page other than page 1O - Send to a different output port than the defaultP - Pause for manual insertion of each sheet of paperC - Print mutiple copies of the fileG - Start Printing the file nowX - Return to the top level of the menuj+!W(!!+!(!!+!(!!+!(! !+! )! !+!6)! !+!o)! !+!)! !+!)! ! +!)! ! +(Perfect Writer) Perfect Speller Selection Menu(C) 1982 Perfect Software, Inc.Available options for the Spelling Checker are:A - Add all the words in the file to the dictionaryB - Change the Backup file extension name D - Use the dictionary specified instead of DICTNARY.SPLN - Make no backup of the file being checkedP - Use the specified prefix/suffix tableG - Start Checking the spelling nowX - Return to the top level of the menu!*Written and directed by Barry A. Dobyns.!9DM!!*͸P`is#rzˆ*!!*͸P`is#rzˆ*!*F͵P!!~͐P*&" *&""*&"_!!͐rQ!!h͐PP;+!9pw.swpa:pw.swpMENU: Can't Open Swap File!9DM!͌;`iw#w͐*ѯgU+͐c*s`i^#Vr+s)+!"]"[j+!9!9DM!"Y"W*}+!͌;*&;`iw#w͐*ѯg+͐c6`i^#Vr+sÛ+!"]"[++,h!S sͧ,`i!Q s#r9-!P s!Z n}40!P n}K/3>!x0͐Q`i͐^+ڛ/!P n}ʛ/!P n}ʛ/!S n&͐Q`i{>!Q s#rI=!P n} ʸ///0 0!0͆0!Q ^#Vr+s6.0͐Q`i/!S n&͐Q`i{>!Q s#r.09-!P s!P n&ͧ-!Q ^#Vr+s!P ns.0ͧ,"/͐Q`iX0͐Q6`i͐\Ea0͐\͹>!,+p<ͧ,!x0!T9!9DM͐n}ʰ0! ^#Vr+sn&ͧ-Î0h1͐n} (1͐n} (1͐n}21͐6`i^#Vr+s0*}L1!ø1"`is#r! s#r͐Pұ1͐n}¥1`i^#Vr+s! ^#Vr+s)͐s#r`i^#Vr+sb1͐ø1!9!_9DM!A3! E! ~#fo~#fo! Ej+!,++p!4-dev!9DM`iw#w͐*ߌ=5͐͐)~#fo(F|15!L5!,++++͐͆0!|5!,++++,9-!C5`i^#Vr+s4!C5!9This option cannot be used in conjunction with !9DM! n&\F>a½5>6>b5>6>c5>6>d5>6>e5>7>f5>7>g6> 7>h6>7>i6>7>j)6>7>k56>7>lA6>#7>mM6>(7>nY6>-7>oe6>27>pq6>77>q}6><7>r‰6>A7>s•6>F7>t¡6>K7>u­6>P7>v¹6>U7>w6>Z7>x6>_7>y6>d7>z6>i7n7!u7!x7!{7!~7!7!7!7!7!7!7!7!7!7!7!7!7!7!7!7!7!7!7!7!7!7!7!-a-b-c-d-e-f-g-h-i-j-k-l-m-n-o-p-q-r-s-t-u-v-w-x-y-z!7-pause!7-verbatim!7-page!9DM͐n}W8͐n&pF|I8!^8!,++++!8!,++++,9-!! ^#Vr+s7!You must specify a number for this option !8!,++++! 9!,++++,9-Sorry, you can only specify this option once.!39-port!9DM!D n&E!D sj+!D n&Av9!D n&PҌ9!:F!:F9-:!!S!: s#r!D n&!S!D n&!;F!;! S!< 6#6! 6! ! n}9!9!S`is`in}:ä:! 6`in& ?! XD! F! F!> s#r͐>o:! :S!> ^#Vr+sL:!< ~#fos#r̀Eҡ:! :S!< 6#69! ;F9-͐:!S!:!@9Illegal Drive name Directory for Drive %c: *.* Hit any key to return to menu: ͧ,!͌;!p;!څ(F|n;!u;F͵P1.20 Bad Swap File Version!9DM͐n&! s#r͐#n`is#6͐|;! ^#Vr+sn&=`i^#Vr+sô;!9!9DMh<*}*&Q*ѯg|g}o*&>=! n&*&iSh<*Yh! s#r!,+p<͋<͐͐p<ͧ,!9!9DM! ^#Vr+s6! n&Ep<͐͹>͋<ͧ,͐!9DM͐n}?͐n}>! ^#Vr+sn&ͧ-?! ?͆0! ^#Vr+s>ͧ,!9DMj+!:@!!+!R@͆0!W@!!+I=!w@̀E!+!@!!+!@!!+!A!!+!ZA!!+!A!!+!A!! +!$B!! +͐!! +!SB͆0͐͆0!UB!,++++I=9-j+!vBF!BvS!9Perfect Writer Version 1.20(C) 1982 Perfect Software, Inc.<<<<>>>>You have specified more arguments or options than this menu systemcan deal with. If you really need to specify this many arguments oroptions it will be advantageous for you to learn to execute programs fromthe operating system rather than this menu. It will also be faster todo so. You should refer to the manual for instructions on how to usethe components of Perfect Writer without this menu component. ... Restarting Menu ...menu!9DMj+!IC!!+I=͐!!+!pC͆0͐͆0!rC!!+!C!!+!C!!+!D!!+!D!! +9-j+!;DF!SDvSI Cannot execute this command string: One of us must have made an error, so let's try again.Either the program you wish to execute is unavailable,or it is not on either the current drive or on the A:device. ... Restarting Menu ...menu!9DM! w#w`i6#6͐ D! ~#fo͐n} •DD! ~#fo! ^#Vr+s! ~#fo͐ns`i^#Vr+soD! ~#fo n} D! ~#fo! ^#Vr+s6.`i6 #6͐ _E! ~#fo͐n} 'E_E! ~#fo! ^#Vr+s! ~#fo͐ns`i^#Vr+sE! ~#fo͐6͐wE!9*&h +͎R#~|R##pRa{ !pR!*w#¤R:**ʻR*!ѷ! _ S  7:O*o`7*~# !S !S+*&!  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Buffer to Use : New File!9DM`iw#w͐Ͳu! ~#fo͐n}b! ~#fo͐n&|b! ~#fo͐n& |b! ~#fo͐n}b! ~#fo͐n},b! ~#fo͐n};b! ~#fo͐n}=b! ~#fo͐n}?b! ~#fo͐n}*b! ~#fo͐n}{b! ~#fo͐n}}b! ~#fo͐n} b! ~#fo͐n}b!cͯe͐͛z!b`i^#Vr+sÑa!b!9Illegal File Name: !9DMQ}`is#ra{! s#r!}x+bxz͐͐bxl{!9!9DM*?*ѯg?`is#r͐|ʟc͘x|ʓcíc`i^#Vr+sc͘x|­c! ßc!9!9DM͐~e!^d͐̓|c!!ed͐̓|c!p!kd͐̓|d!s!pd͐̓|'d!v!ud͐̓|?d!f!zd͐̓|Wd!o!normalspellsaveviewfilloverwrite!9DM!:͐ u#`is#r!.͐ u! s#r͐|d͐ `! s#r:͐͐d`iw#w͐ `! s#r͐͐"e͐! s#r͐ ͐! s#r͐͐ ͐oe! ^#Vr+s͐ns! ^#Vr+s5e͐ 6!9!9DM͐͐n&s{ʭe! ^#Vr+sÆe!9DM!}x+bxz͐͛zl{!9DMQ}`is#ra{! s#r͐Pz}x+]z\}l{^c͐͐bxl{!9!9DM͘x|Afkg!tg*i}x++]z*o)))))u~#fom.`is#r*o)))))u~#foB0! s#r͐͐¨f!dsg͐f͐dk͉͐sg͐g͐ k͐ ͉#͉sg͐͐d͉#͉s:!wg͛z*o)))))u~#fo8|Eg!*Hg! Q;*7v|`g!+cg! 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Q͝v͐!UR͝!9DM! ^#Vr+s6! n&Q}bx͐wzl{͐!9DM͐n}Yw͐n}Cw! ^#Vr+sn&Q;Vw!^w͛z! ^#Vr+swl{!9DM͐`͐͘`|͐n}ʬw! ^#Vr+sn&AÊw͊l|ͣw9.͝w9?͝w9!͝!͘!!x lS/|ͣxuk|ͣ9)͝^x9]͝^x9}͝^x9"͝^x9'͝!9DM͐"W͐"Y:*&:l{!j}::!&|͝!9DM!&|x:øx!&`is#r͐*&x*&py͐*& y*&py͐*&$y*&py͐*&=y*&py͐|g}o|fy͐|g}ohn&py:͐py!9!9DM!P!&r!j}`iw#w͐*ѯgy͐c*s`i^#Vr+sÜy!"]"[y!9!9DM!"Y"W*}Az!j}*&}`iw#w͐*ѯg5z͐c6`i^#Vr+sz!"]"[DzF~:!9*&:!9DM͐͐bx:͐n}ʙz! ^#Vr+sn&Q;wz!9DM͐n}z! ^#Vr+sn&Q;ãz:!9DM*Y*WcnѯgzX{l{:*} {!j}*&}J{*Y`is#r͐*WcnѯgJ{! ;*]#"]:`i^#Vr+s{*Wc*Ys!9*Y:*Y*ѯgڋ{!"Y!{e:*[*W¬{*]*Y¬{!j}!~!j}!~!j}*&}*W"[*Y"]:Off Screen!9DM:! n& +|! n&~+|!H}! n}>| H|õ|͐H}! ~#fo*ѯgs#r*_͐*_`is#r*͐! s#r͐͐Ҳ|͐*_`is#r>}! n&|g}o||! n&|g}o͐#{#`is#r|`i6#6*͐*ѯg! s#r͐͐;}`i~#fo͐s#r>}:͐H}!9*W:!j}:!9DM͐n&! s#r͐#n`is#6͐|ʼ}! ^#Vr+sn&;`i^#Vr+sÒ}!9!9DM:*}}! ^#Vr+sz}*&;}*}:~! ^#Vr+sz:~*&?`is#r͐|7~`i^#Vr+s"~~:!9!9DM:*}q~l{!j}*&}ö~*W`is#r*Y! s#r*W*ѯgҨ~z*W#"W!"YÅ~͐"W͐"Y:!9!9DM͐*&~*W*ѯg`is~*Y*ѯg`is*}`in*ѯgW|g}o;'`in&0!9!9DM͐ U͐ ͉0͐ )0;!9DMM"4HM͉͐"6*4":*4*6)"8*86#6*:*6s#r!9DM͐ |!ŀ*:|!ŀ*:`is#r͐ ###͉! s#r*:~#fo͐Vͼ*:~#fo͐;Vx*:͐S!ŀ *:~#fo! s#r*:͐s#r*:`is#r*:͐)":͐͐ʹ*:͐͐s#rüx͐##ŀ!9!9DM͐*4͐*8!.e! ^#Vr+s͐͐~#fos#r*:|,͐":Bad Ptr!9DM͐##~#fo#͐~#fo͝ʙ͐##~#fo͐~#fo͝™͐~#fo͐~#fo͝!9DM͐##~#fo͐~#fo߁͐##͐~#fos#r͐##^#Vr+s! ns!9DM͐~#fo͐##~#fo͝!9DM͐~#fo͐~#fo_͐͐~#fos#rn&l͐^#Vr+sn&!9DM͐͐͐##͐͐s#rs#rs#r͐+s#r!9DM*:`is#r͐~#fo! s#r`i~#fo͐~#fo)s#r͐*8͐~#fo|/͐~#fo:͐*8=_! ~#fo͐~#fos#r:*:͐s#r!9!9DM*:*8”*4":*:`is#r`i~#fo͐~#for)s#r͐*8҃*4`is#r͐*8͐~#fo|/͐~#fo|͐*:`iw#w:Ý͐":!9!:eMemory Munged_  p#g} ' xʢ§ʢ# Î!ڱ!}!} 믾̈́#ń'!t a{ o& A[ o& 0:::@ A:{:a@[@:x7~7#'!}!}!9DM͐n}p! ^#Vr+sn&QN!9DM͐|͐Ñ͐7*!9& 6C#6O#6Mą!w#w#*w#х:***!Âѷʤ!Å 7,2q*&:q):Y=Y=r:qo&7:)~:,"s!"u*|ʷ**s¼! ~·6*u*+"*"*u#"uÃ7:,*<:*}|2q * :qw! {w , FNxg>Goy`$7**:Ozzq#r7*|DM**ʇڮ><ꢇ~# x¢ ><꾇~+ x¾|}7:)~:,"s!"u*|*u6*~# "*s*u6#"u*+"#7*̀\!*7*!9& 6C#6O#6M’*|¨!\&ú!\&*|º!!l&!~#fo> +#~׈##ˈa{ !p!*w#:***!ѷ!*+*  e > _ t !\&!u6*~# "*s*u6#"u*+"#7*̀\!*7*!9& 6C#6O#6M’*|¨!\&ú!\&*|º!!l&!~#fo> +#~׈##ˈa{ !p!**K͞+'+FÎrw#w#w^#V#*~#fo^#*~#fo^#V#*n^#*n^#V# ~#fo^#& ~#fo!+!#!+!#!+!+}|z{|}|z7||7zZZ)|/g}/o#|͉k|/g}/o#ɯ2qZZk:q|/g}/o#|/g}/o#:q<2qqDM!xxGyO҃)v|͔`i|)Öxڷz/W{/_ѯzW{_=yOxGæ2qZZ͉M|}ȯ|g}o)|/g}/o#z/W{/_!9~#fo! ! ! ! ! ! !9~#A"s!`*"!">2>2>22Ï#00000000BADjt|͔ ʞ!F#x±~#±!b2r~# "2r+}|~#G:rx"2r+w# +6#!6#2w2x*s!>r<o&F=-` r'~h6!+`W?_!~7z?` :>ª@w#G.¶ww#?*>?w#> w#.7:77!a{   `OE!y6$ -7rBo&))T])))!y`W?_!B. A. Dobynsgram created by Barry A. Dobyns6Put buffer overflow7put8Invalid number '9'.:Exiting but in a ';' environment.<Popping base environment= Out of memory> in page space? in end space@menuAa:menu ?S6T-*pS6D4 ?S6T-V)(V ?S6T-*S6h6,4?S6h6,4?4!9DM4! p4!+ p4!0 p4͐ !R p4!p"" `is! s! s#r! s#r! s#r!">2! ^#Vr+s!d ! ^#Vr+s! ͐~#fo"|c! p4! cs`isa ! ͐~#fo"|ʵ! p4! p4! p4! p4! p4(p4! p4a ! ͐~#fo"|! p4>2a ! ! ͐~#fo"| !"! p4a !A !D ͐~#fo"|: !G p4! ps`isa !c ͐~#fo|ʭ ͐ Ң `i6f!f p4! ^#Vr+s~#fo! s#r͐p4!| p4! ^#Vr+sê ! p4a ! ͐~#fo|" ͐  ! 6n! ^#Vr+s~#fo! s#r! ^#Vr+s! p4͐p4! p4 ! p4a ͐~#fon}-Q ! p4͐~#fop4! p4a ͐~#fo! s#r͐|x ! p4͐Ͷ`͐! n&d*͙*" *"`in} ͐! s#r͐`in&vͰo$i55 %ʹ/+:&''/+>͓^e=i pͶv3!9 Perfect Formatter 1.20 (C) 1982 Perfect Software, Inc. Usage is: pf {-dev } {-text} {-c | -t | -l | -p | -o } -cSending output to console. -versionVersion 1.20 of 3-14-83 serial -pausePausing between pages. -v-verbatimVerbatim is the top level environment. -l-pSending output to printer. -oOutput file is named .FIN No file specified for -o. Using default file. -devFormatting for device . No device specified for -dev. Using default device. Unknown option '' No input file specified! !"r"t!"v"x!"z"|!"~>2>2>2>2>2!"!"">2!"!"!"!!n! ,0"͵ page!!n!,0"!!n!,0"!!n!,0"!!n!,0"!!n!,0"!!n!,0"!'N!s!(,0"!5N!s!6,0"!CN!s!D,0"!TN!s!U,0"!dN!s!e,0"!sN!s!t,0"!N!s!,0chaptersectionsubsectionparagraphappendixappendixsectionchaptertitlesectiontitlesubsectiontitleparagraphtitleappendixtitleappendixsectiontitleProgram created by Barry A. Dobynsbdobyns!9DM`is{2O_>>7> >:> >z>(>>@>.>>=>>C>(>I>B4>OÂ×`in}M*c}Mu+`i68+*f}wͳk*]G_k%oÑ`in}ʍ*c}ʍu+`i68+*}*c}*g|/+*nu*g!!9~#fo ,*c}͂l*g|*g!!9~#fo*}͝}2Ñ>2*XG_n}(*i!$!9~#fo+]Ñ`is{2͠Ñ͗iÑͼiÑ͏jÑG_n}.͝sG_n}?͝sG_n}!͝`is>2]Ñ`is{2]Ñ͇b!9͇bO_>³>>@¿>ͅd]>2G_͜4*#"+"*6!9DM! n&!9DM*!D!\m3*"*#"+! ns*6Put buffer overflow!9DM͐ͭ`i͐Ͳ`iͭ͐ͭ! 9!9DM͐|͐n}! ^#Vr+sn&*+"!"!!͍dʹput!9DM͐n&,͐n&,I!&! ^#Vr+s! ^#Vr+sn}"!&!9DM͐͐&!9DM͐|¥!&͐|µ!&͐n}&͐n}&͐n&@͐n&@ ͐n&@͐n&@ͩ&! ^#Vr+s! ^#Vr+sõ͐n&!9DM͐͐&!9DM͐T#`is#r͐͐h͐Á!9!9DM͐ͥ!9DM͐T!9DM͐|! ^#Vr+s6-͐! s#r͐  ͐͐ Ͳ! s#r! ^#Vr+s͐ 0s͐6͐!9DM!`is#r͐͐Ͳ͐e!9!9DM͐!9DM͐n}-¥!͐#ͷ!͐ͷ!9DM͐n}͐͐n&w|!!͐!$3͐͐ ?͐nѯg͐#ͷ'.Invalid number '!"p*p|Y![*V!j3' environment.Exiting but in a '!9DM*p|˜!m3ü*p`is#r!!V*pͤ͐ͥ!9Popping base environment!9DM!`is#r!͐!Vͤ͐"p!9!9DM͐* N`is#r͐|l!|m3* *͝[!^!p4͓^Ͷv͐s!9Out of memoryin page spacein end space!9DM͐* ͍!9DM͐" !!!zmenua:menu!b"V>2X*"Y*"["]*"_*"a>2c>2d*}2e>2f!%"g!%"i!"m!"k>2o*|`!g"V\textverbatim!9DM͇bO_@ʢO_œͅdß͇b{͇b!G_|͐!rͼ`is#r1|͐͊͐|͇͐͊b{!9end!9DM*}!vm3͇bO_7ͅd!&G_n&[.}2}e!͐!3!&>2͇b!&ArgOnned'.Missing argument to '!9DM*}!f|!͐!3>2'.Extra arguments to '!9DM*}!ì>2!!!!! ! .|V!!G_"|V!!G_"|\͇bO_vͅd>2!ìO_(*G_n}›>2!ì! n}d¯G_n&ì>2ͅd! n&ͼ`is#r͇b͐ì! n}d!ìPd!!(!@!A.|@O_Bq!!G_"|q!!G_"|qO_(]G_n*}]q! n}rk]͇bO_…ͅd>2*_`is#r! n}f¢͐͊d͐ì!9,=;/,=;/*}2>2*}2>2!9DMB`is#r!r! s#r|"!!!3!!͐,><> >H> >T> >`>>l>#>x>/>„>/>>;>œ>;> ¨>G> ´>G> >Z> >Z> >Z>>Z>>h>>h>>vÂ! 6#6 â! 6#6â! 6d#6â! 6##6â! 6#6â!mͽ2! s#râ*! s#râ*! s#râ! 6#6â!K͐n!N3! w#w! ~#fo͐ks#r͐͊͐!9Missing dimension.in inch inches cm mm point points pica picas em ems char chars character characters line lines micas '.Unknown unit of measure '!9DM!r`is#r͐|ʣ! ͐1|ʣ! 6͐|!͐1|! 6!͐n!3! 6͐|͐͊! n&!9yesno' was given.'Yes' or 'No' argument required. '!9DM!r! s#rzʁ͐~`is#r͐͊͐ÙÙ!!!3!Ù!9Missing numeric argument.!9DM͇bG_n&[.`is`in}!!!!3G_N ! n}r ! n}p Pd͇b>2O_ʌ O_(B G_n`in}ʌ O_ s *}k !!!!3Ì >2x >2! n}fʆ ]͇b >2O_  ͅd! n}r *_! s#rd͐ ! n}p *_! s#rd͐np4͐͊! !9Missing single argument.Warning: Argument terminated by paragraph break.>2͇bO_(u!G_n&[.}2X}‘!!!G_!!3}!&!&'.Bad opening character '!9DM͐͐|"! n&͐"V!J%"i! n}2oL!} "! n&!&!&!9DM͐͐|@"!&["͐͐|["!&!&!9DM͐͐8#|ʊ"!&å"͐͐8#|ʥ"!&!&!9DM͐"V>2X! n}2f! n}2c>2d! n}2e*"a!%"g*}#L!}#/+*Ǚnu*g|+#*g!*#!9~#fo*c}6# ,!9DM͐͐|ʋ#͐"V>2f>2c>2d>l2e!"g!%"i*]"Y!&!&!9DM*Y"]! *m#"m+Ͳ!$! ͇! ͭ*Y! k`is#r8+*[*Y͐%o! 9.!9DM*Y"]*k|g}o|+$!-.$!*`is`in&8+*[*Y`in&ͽ2%o!9!9DM$`is#r͐##~#fo|ʭ$!$͐~#fo+!p`i^#Vr+sy$!$͐^#Vr+s!p8+*)%o*̙}$ͳk"[!9..*Y"]!%o*%o͇b!f|"%%}*}i<%!]E%/+sd}*o&}!9DM`is#r͐~#fo|ʄ%`i^#Vr+sj%͐!Ң%`i^#Vr+sw#w%!9*o&/+*)nu}/+*ənu}! &N"!&N"!&N"!&&N"Ƀ- @Value(Page) -- @Value(Page) -*z|E&*&!!!&ͮ"*"["]"Y*"_/+*nu!&Nim/+*z|&*nu!&*z~#fo!p!&*z##~#fon͍dʹ/+*z~#fo"zË&/+}notes----------. endnotes*~|'!'p4͆q*))nu!c!!!'ͮ"*"]"["Y*"_!'ͭ/+*)nu>l2e*~|'*~~#fo|ʞ'/+*~~#fonͭ! é'!,!*~##~#fo!'p*~~#fo"~h'/+} Index indexIndex !9DM*r| (\*!e*p4͆q*))nu!c!!!|*ͮ"*"]"Y*Y !?"[*"_!*ͭ/+*)nu>l2e! 6c*r|Y**rn`is! n`in}±(`in}cʱ(`in}a¼(/+*nu`in! s*Y"]`in}c(s)b8)p_)aʆ)nʧ))!*ͭ*###*r###~#fos#r)*k%o*###*r###~#fos#r)*k%o*###*r###~#fos#r)* k%o*###*r###~#fos#r)!*ͭ*###*r###~#fos#r)*k%o*###*r###~#fos#r`in&'/`in&͎18+*r~#fonͭ8+ͳk*_ */+*_ͳk%o>2d!*r#~#fo!p/+>2d*r~#fo"rÀ(}!9 Table of Contents contentsTable of ContentsChapter Appendix !9DM* ͽ! `is#r*r|*͐"r"t**t͐s#r͐"t͐w#w͐!rͼs#r*ͽ͐&+!98+&k!9DM*_`is#rnn}c+P]͐iml+͐͊!9!9DM*_`is#rnn&͡|ʠ+!͐͊!9!9DM*v`is#r͐|+͐͐~#fop|+͐~#fo`is#r+͐,!9͇b!! ! .| ,ͅd!9DM͐Ͳ+`is#r|L,!ú,͐##n}sŒ,͐###~#fo͎-|Œ,!,͐n!,3!ú,͐##n}s¬,͐###~#fo~ú,͐###~#foú,!9'.Non-numeric value '!9DM`iw#w! ^#Vr+sn}~-͐n+! s#r! ^#Vr+s! ^#Vr+s͐ n&,͐n&, -͐ n} [-͐n}[-~-! ^#Vr+sn} r-[-`i^#Vr+s,͐Å-!9!9DM͐n`is#r͐n}+ʻ-͐n}--`i^#Vr+s͐n}-͐n&w|-`i^#Vr+s-͐n}͝&-!9!9DM! `is#r͐~#fo|J.͐~#foO_=.!&R.`i^#Vr+s.!&R.!9!9DM! n}(ʏ.[ʖ.{ʝ.<ʤ."ʫ.`ʲ.'ʲ.ù.!)&!]&!}&!>&!"&!'&!&!9DM͐`is#r͐n}.͐n}..`i^#Vr+s.! n}/͐6͐n}/͇͐͐!9!9DM! n}p2! n}b>2! n}pX2!*###~#fo͐p! n}bn2! n}p‡2!*###~#fo!2p! n}p«2!*###~#fo!2p!9...!9DM! n& 3! n&3*}3! n&)P~#fo3*!!4!9DM!d3p4͐|;3͐p4͐|M3͐p4͐|_3͐p4͞3 Error: !9DM!3p4͐p4͞3 Internal Error: !3p4?_54!3p47_p44 error was on line of !9DM!}`is`in}4`in&4!9! ͡!9DM! n&͡!9DM͐ Z4͐ ͉54͐ )0͡!9DM͐n}ʚ4! ^#Vr+sn&4x4!9DM!=!=͐"|4!=*V|48+ͳk*[4/+4*[ͳk%oø=͍͐F| 5ø=!=͐|ʑ5!rͼ`is#r!=͐1|R5͐͊!=pø=>2͍͐F|m5>e2XÅ5!=͐n!=3͐͊ø=!>͐|E6!rͼ`is#r*X}e5͐*V|5*i!5!9~#fo96!>͐n!>3!D>p4*Vp4!H>p4*X}e'6!~>p416*X&4!>p4͐͊ø=!!!>͐͵!|e6ø=!!!>͐͵!|ʅ6ø=!!!>͐͵!|ʥ6ø=!!!>͐͵!|6ø=!!!>͐͵!|6ø=!!!>͐͵!|7ø=!!!>͐͵!|%7ø=!!!>͐͵!|E7ø=!!!>͐͵!|e7ø=!!!>͐͵!|ʅ7ø=!>͐|ʣ7!fͼø=!>͐| 8!rͼ`is#r͐nY_͐͊!>!>͐"|8!>p47_p44ʹø=!>͐|H8!rͼ`is#rn!ne͐͊ø=!>͐|i84!pͼø=!>!>͐"! s{ʖ8! n&Yø=!>͐|8*}e9!>͐|ʏ9*}8!!*#"!p!9!>*#"!>p* ͽ!! s#r*z|?9͐ "z"|P9*|͐ s#r͐ "|͐ *s#r͐ ##!rͼs#r͐ w#w*ͽø=!>͐|ʙ:*}i9!'%"i!>"V![ø=*}9!!*#"!p!:!?*#"!?pPdp*&!!! ?ͮ"!'%"i*"["]"Y*"_*}n:>2*nu!?Nim/+*nu!?*!pL!|–:sdø=!"?͐|8<* ͽ!! s#r͐##*|:!:*s#r!rͼ`is#r*~| ;͐"~͐w#w<*~! s#r! s#r͐|c;͐~#fo͍͐|c;͐! s#r͐~#fo! s#r;͐|;͐~#fo͐p|;͐͊`iw#w͐! s#r͐~#fo! s#r͐|;͐~#fo|ʓ;͐*~;͐*~s#r͐"~<͐͐ ~#fos#r͐ ͐s#r͐͐s#r*ͽø=͐*L|I<ø=͐E?|Z<ø=!(?͐|s2]!9/\descriptionbegincommentcomment'.Unknown environment 'end' environment.Incorrect Environment Closing. Tried to end a 'A '' environment is open, and it should be closed with '@end'. +-biprtuuxuncommentincludetty:con: Including devicemessagepagefootingpageheadingnotefoot][footfootnote][footnote----------. indexcasestylenewpageblankpage!9DM!E͐|ʞ@`iw#w!%E|ʝ?!r`is#r|ʝ?!r! s#r|?͐|ʯ?͐͊!!!-E3!&E*}?͐! s#rl@͐Ͳ+! s#r|@!ME͐n!PE3͐! s#rl@͐͊͐ ##n}sT@͐ ###~#fonN! s#rl@͐ ###~#fo9! s#r͐!s͐n,0͐͊!nE͘!&E!vE͐|@!~Eͭ!Eͭ!Eͭ!&E!E͐|wA!rͼ`is#r͐Ͳ+! s#r͐ |'A!E͐n!E3fA͐ ##n}sLA͐ ###~#fonͭfA!͐ ###~#fo!p͐͊!&E!E͐|C`iw#w!E|A!r`is#r|A!r! s#r|A͐|A͐͊!!!E3!&E͐nn! s! n}+B! n}-EB͐n#N! s#r͐͊͐! s#r͎͐-|gB͐~! s#rxB͐),! s#r͐͊͐),! s#r! n}+µB! ~#fo͐ s#rB! n}-B! ~#fo͐ s#rB͐ ! s#r͐ !n͐n,0͐͊!E͘!&E!E! s#r!F͐|D͐!rͼ`is#r,! s#r͐ C͐Ͳ+! s#r͐ |šC!!F͐n!$F3C͐ ##n}nC!͐ ###~#fo!pC!?F͐n!\F3C!dF͐ n&͎1͐͊!&E!kF͐|E! w#w͐!rͼ`is#r,>BD>ʁD>ND>ʏD>ZD>ʝD>fD>ʫD>rD>ʹD>~D>DD*! s#rD*! s#rD*! s#rD*! s#rD*! s#rD*! s#rD!qF͐n!tF3D͐ | E͐ ###~#foͭ͐͊E!9string@String@String requires two arguments.'.@String: Variable not found '@Stringversion1.20 3-14-83value'.@Value: Variable not found 'set@Set@Set requires two arguments.@Setchapter section subsection paragraph appendix appendixsection ref'.@Ref: Variable not found '' does not contain a number.@Ref: 'csbpantitle'.@Title: Unknown option '!9DM!]K͐8#|F*["["]"!&TK!dK!nK͐d"`is{F!vK͐8#|+G>2c>2d>2f`in} G**͉"["]"Y"!&TK!~K!K͐d"`is{wG>2c>2d>2f`in}eG!chG!r}2e"!&TK!K!K͐d"`is{G`in}G*[*_*[͉"["]*"aG*[*"["]*}2e!$"g"!&TK!K!K͐d"|/H*["["]*_"_>2c>2f"!&TK!K͐8#|ʂH*[*)"Y*[*k"["]*}2e!"m!#"g"!&TK!K!K͐d"|ʨH\"!&TK!K͐8#|H*[*)"Y*[*k"["]*}2e!$"g*k#"k"!&TK!K͐8#|ʤI! 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n}Q!bQ!p͎1! ͐~#fonͭ/+͐#*s#r*nu}!&jQ!&jQ!9appendixchapter@Chapter and @Appendix have been disabled.chaptertitlechaptertitleappendixtitle (Chapter Appendix appendixsectionsectionsectiontitlesectiontitleappendixsectiontitle (paragraphsubsectionsubsectiontitleparagraphtitle!9DM!T|ƒRT!r`is#rͲ+! s#r͐|ʴR͐##n}sR!$T͐n!'T3͐͊!]T͘T͐͊!r`is#rzT!cT͐###~#fo1|)S!dT͐1|WS͐###~#fo͐p|WS!iT͐1|S͐͊!d! s{ʛS!nT"V! n&[.}2X! %"iTS!r`is#r|S!!!sT3T!f|SS!T͐n͍dʹ͐͊T T!f| TT͐͊R!9@Case'.Undefined or non-string selector variable for @Case '@CasenullelsecaseUnexpected end of @Case argumentcase!9DM!W!r`is#rzʨW!W͐,>T>U>T>U>T>U>T>U>U>V>U>V>U>V>*U>"V>6U>"V> BU>+V> NU>GV> ZU>YV> fU>cV> rU>mV>~U>V>ŠU> W>–U>!W>¢U>9W>®U>QW>ºU>[W>U>gW>U>pWyW"ǙÜW"əÜW*"ř"ÜWh}2ÜW"ÜWh}2ÜW"ÜW"ÜWh|9V!b²V>V>¾V>V>V>VV>e2W>b2W>i2W!X͐n!X3W͐͊ÜW"*ř"ÜW"ߙ*Ù""_ÜW*ߙ"Ù""_ÜWh}2ÜW""aÜW"ÜW"ÜW!X͐n!X3!X͘ÜW͐͊éT!9@Styleabove below bottommargin chapters footerspacing footpush headerspacing indent indentation justification leftmargin levelhang levelindent linewidth notes paperlength paperwidth rightmargin scriptpush spacing spread topmargin endnote footnote inline '.Unknown value for Note clause of @Style ''.Unknown argument to @Style '@Style!9DM! 6b!Q\N! s#r!R\N! s#r!S\N! s#r!T\N! s#r! n}͝hY!U\kY!b\!r`is#rzʪZ!o\͐,>Y>Y>©Y>Y>µY>Z>Y>0Z>Y>LZ>Y>UZ^Z͐͊!r! s#rÞZ͐͊!r! s#rÞZ͐͊!r! s#rÞZ͐͊!r! s#rÞZ! 6eÞZ! 6oÞZ!\͐n!\3͐͊! n}͝“Z!\ÖZ!\͘ÞZ͐͊pY͐͐͐͐͝͝͝͝####! s#r͐n͐ h!\͐ ͇͐n͐ ͇!\͐ ͇͐n͐ ͇!\͐ ͇͐n͐ ͇͐͊͐͊͐͊͐͊! n}[! n}bʧ[! n}e»[*͊͐ N"! n}b[! n}o[*͊͐ N"<\! n}b[! n}e\*͊͐ N"! n}b(\! n}o<\*͊͐ N"͐ ͥH\!9@PageHeading@PageFootingleft line right center even odd '.Unknown argument to @PageHeading or @PageFooting '@PageHeading@PageFooting!"g*"a>2c>2d>2f*\*"\+*]!9]m3!"\!!^͇Input buffer overflow.!"\>2^!9DM͐`is#r͐3s{ʇ^͐! ~#fo͐ +ڣ]3p]͐n}]] ^ ^^+^+^n^͐͐]`i^#Vr+s!4! 4!4Ä^`i^#Vr+s6 4Ä^4͐6͐p4Ä^͐͐k^͐+n} k^`i^#Vr+s!4! 4!4+^Ä^`i^#Vr+sn&4Ä^p]4!9!9DM*P|^*PЉ*l|^!_m3*l`is#r͐|^͐~#fo|^͐~#foЉ͐~#fo`is#r^!9Exiting from include file or string.!^N!X*V!*n&!9DM*l+|~_!"l!"V>2Xè_!! s#r!͐!Pͤ͐"l!~`͐1|_!`͐1|_!`!Xh!!n^]!}"Pn"Rl`͐`ih!!``i.!`iӉ"P|C`!``i!`3*R6u`!`!Xh`i!X͇n"R!"Ta!"V͇b!9con:tty:console input.mss'.Can't open file 'file !9DMP]!">2>2[!F!!ͤa!B!! ͤa!A!z!aͤa!A!Z!Aͤa!A!9!0ͤa{2{2o> 2y {2{2x({2Ϙ{2{2({2{2({2{2>@2({2̘{2ʘ({2{2>2>2>2>2o!"l͐Y_!9DM͐`is#r͐͐a͐o͐ s`i^#Vr+söa!9!9DM*R#"R*P|mb*R!mmb!!n*P`is#rz?b!!!vb3͐\b͐?n6n"R*T"T!9File read error.!9DM*o}ʟb>2oc*Rn&on}2n}Fºbaßb*Rn}2!"*n}bAʐc ʐc cc*l|ʍc*P|ic*P}c*PЉ*l`is#r͐~#fo|2c͐~#fo`is#rc!͐~#fo͐~#fo͍!!n͐~#fo*l`is#r!!P*lͤ͐ͥca*dڰc!dm3!2"c*Rn&on*n}cc*#"+*RnsÐcc*V#"Vacac*6!9Current token overflow.*[&Nd!/!\![5n&/kͤ*[&Ҁd!/![~4o&/k!\ͤP]>2o!9DM!`is#r!͐!Pͤ͐"l͐"R͐!Xh!"V!"P͇b!9!9DM>2O͐! n&e! n}2O!9DM*O}*e|g!!gӉ! s#rzie!!gӉ! s#rzie!gp4!g!!`i͐͒h!g!$ ͱ|ʣe!gp4!. n}ʸe!. n}pe͐! s#rvf!. n}ce͐! s#rvf͐! s#r͐͐@f!g!͐!ϙ͐͒h!ϙ̓0|2f@f! ^#Vr+se͐͐vf!hp4̓0p4!hp4͐! s#r͐|ʠf!5h!͐!ϙ͐͒hëf!Hhp4*}f!ph!͐*虯g?!P͐͒h!~h!!! ͐͒h!_!p! ͤ**k ͉"! 6#6͐|`g͐)p~#fo*ks#r! ^#Vr+s.g**sg>2͐Љ!*9PF.DATA:PF.DATCan't find the configuration file, PF.DAT header record1.20Wrong configuration file PF.DAT versiondevice descriptions Device '' not found, using default device descriptionDefault or console device not defined. spacing tableScribble parameters!9DM!͍͐͐|h͐ ͐͐͐ h!hp4͐ p4! ip4Fatal: Unable to read from configuration file. !"!"{2{2&k>2!"!"!l!!!iͮ"*"["]"Y*"_>2dͥl!header*}¢i8+!%o*"*+"!9DM*}iÆj8+*ͳk͉! s#r**͉! s#r͐͐qj͐͐*͉`is#r`i~#fo͐*)s#r*))͐s#r*͐"!%o*"*+"!9*}šj8+ͳk*j*))*ͳks#r**ͳk"/+!/+}>2!!!ͤ!"!!!ͤ*6k͂l!9DM͐ ͐~#fo+))`is#r͐͐ ڡk͐##~#fo|ʎk͐##~#fo͊`i^#V{_zWr+s\k͐ͥ!9*k*+))##~#fo|k*! ͽ2k*!9DM͐| l!yl! ^#Vr+s͐`is#r! ^#Vr+sn}hl`i~#fo͐n} ͣUl͐n&ͽ2^l͐1s#rl͐͐yl!9*Ғlͥl*}b l>l2t!"*]"*]"*_"*e}2*a"*}p͝}2*}b͝}2!9DM*|l!`m*2?! s#r͐`is#r͐͐!ͤ͐ ͳks#r*["]ͥl͐`m!9!9DM*||mͥl*͐ nk`is#r*d}m*͐**͉mtͥl*1m!om3!"*))! s#r*Wn͐++++##~#fo|Wn͐##~#fo|Wn͐++++~#fo! ͽ2Wn*+"! ^#V{_zWr+s͐͐s#r͐##͐ s#r*#"*͐! ͽ2"͐ n! s#r͐n}n! ^#Vr+sn}nnnnn>2>p2n>2>b2n>2nån!9Too many tokens for a single line!9DM*|8oͥlͳk"*1Xo!om3!"*))͐s#r*#"+))##w#w*͐"Too many tokens for a single line*"*"*ߙ*Ù"**ř"!"L!"N!d"P*"R!d"T>2V!"W!"**"*L4pvp!pp4**54!pp4*54!pp4*͙* 54!pp4*͙54!pp4 Largest page used out of bytes. End space used out of bytes.>2Vj!"W!9DM*L+)`is#r͐!9q͐~#fo|,q͐~#fo8k`i^#Vr+sq*P)`is#r͐!}q͐~#fo|pq͐~#fo8k`i^#Vr+sGq!9!9DM*V! s>2V**"*Lqvp*###^#Vr+s"! 4*54!"L"N!d"P"T*"R!"W*nu*|g}o|!r*$r*`is#r͐͝XrCi! s͐n͍dʹj!"W*nu>2V!"W*nu*|g}o|ʐr*Ór*`is#r͐͝rCi!s͐n͍dʹj>2V*P"T>2!"W*+"#r͆q!"! n}2V!9headerfooterk>2V!"W!9DM! ~#fo*͉s#r! ~#fo͐*)s#r*P*Lڄs!tm3͆q*N͐*Rڶs*V}ʳs!!!t3͆q*V}ct*P+"P`is#r͐*T+!t͐)͐#)~#fos#r͐)͐#)~#fos#r`i^#Vr+ss*T+"Y)"W*W͐s#r*T+)͐s#r*R͐"Rât*L"Y)"W*W͐s#r*L#"L+)͐s#r*N͐"N!9Too many linesWarning: Footnote page wrap not handled properly!9DM*͉`is#r*͐u*`is#r*}4u*}4u͐nu*! s*l(s! n}eu*}eu͐nu!9!9DM*W|u*W~#fo|u*Y)~#fo`is#r͐͐үuv*N͐͐*Ru*Y)͐s#r*N͐͐"Nv͐!(s!9!9DM>2Q! n}c4v! n}p@v! n}2PËv>f2P͐`ih! n}͝!v`i.`i"R|v!vp4V"T!9.finUnable to open output file. *P}fv!ʹ*RЉ!9DM*Q}#w*P}f#w*}#w!w#!ϙ#! p~! p~!p~>2Q*}Gw*P}fGw!x+! ͡`iw#w͐*Lqw͐=x`i^#Vr+sMw*R*N}*P`is#r͐dҭw͐=x`i^#Vr+sËw*P}fw*}w! p~w**}!9Perfect Format output for device: Insert fresh page; type any character when ready --> !9DM͐)~#fo! s#r͐ |xx͐)~#fo}Ø|͐)~#fo*}͐ ##~#foͻ}! 6 ͐ n}cxrxbyþz͐ ~#fo͐  ~#fo͉ͻ}þz͐ ~#fo͐  ~#foͻ}þz*P}fžy*}žy͐  ~#fo͐ ~#foڛy!p~͐ ~#fo͐  ~#fo`is#r͐p~͐|g}op~! 6ûz! 6͐ ~#fo͐  ~#foy͐ ~#fo͐  ~#fo`is#ry`iw#w͐! ͽ2! ͽ2͉! s#r͐ ͡|! s#r͐ ! s#r͐?|g}o͐! s#r͐͐͐! s#r͐ ͐ͯ! s! ~#fo͐s#r͐͐! s#rþz! w#w! w#w͐͐ ~#fo+5|͐  ͐))##~#fo! s#r͐| |͐n#! n}L{͐  ͐#))##~#fo|L{! n&p~! n} |͐  ͐#))##~#fo|ʍ{͐#! ͽ2?ͻ}ã{͐! ͽ2?ͻ}! n}{͐͐{͐͐ {! n}{͐͐ {͐͐{! p~! ^#Vr+s'|͐  ͐))~#foͻ}! ^#Vr+sz͐  ͐ ~#fo+))##~#fo! s#rzl|͐n#*P}f}|*}ʐ|! p~! p~Ø|!O!9!9DM͐~#fo+! s#r͐`is#r͐|}͐ ͐))##~#fo||! ^#Vr+s`i^#Vr+s|͐}!9!9DM͐.}͐|1}ò}*P}fn}*}n}!p~͐p~͐|g}op~ò}͐*͉*͉`is#r͐|ʲ}! p~! p~`i^#Vr+sÍ}!9!9DM͐}͐|}g~*P}f~*}~!p~͐p~͐|g}op~g~! ͽ2! s#r͉͉͐͐͐`is#r͐|g~! p~`i^#Vr+sJ~!9!9DM! n}š~*}”~*P}fʚ~! 6 *P}c~! n&~!! n&W!*P}p~! n&~!! n&W!*P}f!*}! n&!! n&ʹ!9DM͐n}M! ^#Vr+sn&p~+!9DM͐n&`is#r͐n͐#nѯgW! s#r͐͐ҫ`i^#Vr+sn&p~Å!9!9DM*T#"T+! ns*T!U!9DM*T!VN*T!V`is#r͐!V*RO͐G!!!W3V"T!9Output file write error.!9DMͼ""ͷͼ͉͐"**)"*6#6**s#r!ͼ!ͤͼ!9!9DM͐##͐N`is#rz!v͐"͐""**)"*6#6**s#r!͐!ͤ͐v!9!9DM!!͐ͤ`iw#w*! s#r͐**͐*ց͐~#fo|!@#͐~#fo|`i~#fo͐~#fos#r! ~#fo͐~#fó)s#rë͐?7!9Memory munged!9DM!!͐ͤ*|w!v*~#fo|!#*`is#r͐###͉! s#r*~#fo͐6|͐Ͱ|!͐!ͤ!vê*`is#r͐~#fo͐8*͐)"͐͐~#fos#rL͐Ͱ|L!"͐͐s#r!͐!ͤ͐##v!9Corrupt Space!9DM!!͐ͤ͐*ƃ͐*Ѓ!#! ^#Vr+s͐͐~#fos#r*|͐"!͐!ͤBad ptr freed!9DM͐m3!9DM*~#fo`is#r**~#fo)~#fo! s#rz*~#fo͐s#rͻ|ŒÏK*~#fo͐ͣ&ç!9!9DM*`is#r**~#fó)"***"*~#foc*͐$**~#fo)͐c**~#fo)"**I*"ͻ|`͐"!&ò*~#fo|*͐ڛ**~#fo)͐ڣ!&ò͐"!&ò!9******~#fó)**~#fo|!#!&!&Memory Bashed!t A;[; o& aO{O o& d#[}  0: 믾ʝ#Õ a{ xІՆІ# ü!߆!}!}x~#!}!}!9DM͐͐#͐'͐!9DM͐n}U! ^#Vr+sn&͡3!9DM͐͐>|>ʣ>ˆ>ʱ>”>ć> >ׇ! n&͡! n&!! n&!! n} ! !! n&!͐##^#Vr+s|a!͐͐~#foO@!͐##6#6͐͐s#r͐^#Vr+s! ns&!9DM͐|͐à͐7*|DM**ӈ><Lj~# xLj ><~+ x|}7*!9& 6C#6O#6M$P!w#w#*w#1:**H*!Âѷʤ!Å 7*+++:G_*DM!o&  µ > _ ĉ#7,2q*&:q):==r:qo&7:)~:,"s!"u*|m**sr! ~m6*u*+"*"*u#"u97:,*Ӌ:*ʯ}|2q ֊:qwъ! {w7*\!*Ӊ:wo)2w&!o L . &7:)~:,"s!"u*|*uʵ*~#Œ"*s*uµ#"u*+"y*+*7:O*o` , FNxg>Goy$ !\&!Û62"*u#"u97:,*Ӌ:*ʯ}|2q ֊:qwъ! {w7**K͞+c['+FÎrw#w#w^#V#*~#fo^#*~#fo^#V#*n^#*n^#V# ~#fo^#& ~#fo!+!#!+!#!+!+}|z{|}|z7||7zZZ)|/g}/o#|͉k|/g}/o#ɯ2qZZk:q|/g}/o#|/g}/o#:q<2qqDM!xxGyO҃)v|͔`i|)Öxڷz/W{/_ѯzW{_=yOxGæ2qZZ͉M|}ȯ|g}o)|/g}/o#z/W{/_!9~#fo! ! ! ! ! ! !9~#A"s!`*"!">2>2>22Ï#00000000BADjt|͔ ʞ!F#x±~#±!b2r~# "2r+}|~#G:rx"2r+w# +6#!6#2w2x*s!>r<o&F=-` r'~h6!+`W?_!~7z?` :>ª@w#G.¶ww#?*>?w#> w#.7:77!a{   `OE!y6$ -7rBo&))T])))!y`W?_!B. A. Dobyns''''Û 23ù}Û}+}+ ?S6T  S6o S6oS6@644)(4X4)!9DM! R! R! R`i6#6!X w#w>2c! "`!"b>2c!"c! 6#6͐͐^j !` ~#fo͐)~#fon}- !` ~#fo͐)~#fo#! s#r͐n&;R|]͐ S`is#r ! ͐N|ʫ! R! R! R!% R!- RKRR!6 R !8 ͐N|!` ~#fo! ^#Vr+s)~#fo S"c*c}*c!= S !S ͐N| >2c!Y R ! ͐N|g !` ~#fo! ^#Vr+s)~#fo"b*c}d *b! S ! ͐N| ! ͐N|ʕ >2c ! ͐N|» ! ͐N| !` ~#fo! ^#Vr+s)~#fo"`*c} *`! S !` ~#fo͐)~#fo! S\ ͐X))! !` ~#fo͐)~#fos#r͐X))! ##͐s#r!X ^#Vr+s! ^#Vr+s! w#w͐͐X ͐))! ##~#fo͐))! ~#foH · ! ^#Vr+sr !Z9Perfect Printer 1.20 (C) 1982 Perfect Software, Inc. VersionVersion 1.20 of 3-14-83 serial PageStarting at page %d. PausePausing for manual insertion of each page. PortUsing the '%s' port(s). QQuietTitleTTitle string is '%s'. Unknown command line option: '%s' ! X! X!ZYmenua:menu!9DM͐͐ ͐ ͐͐͐S !9DM͐k!R OR!O!R Z!!R | !R !SSF!P 6 !P n}ʬ ̀!P 5× >: !p ̀!P 6̀ !P n&`i>s!P 4 !P n&++`i6̀*c}[ ͐m+|( `i!R !S@ `i!R ͐m!S!ͫ|[ !R!F*c}͝*b`iy&| F?&!f 6!m ^#Vr+s!6!f n}6!"cX!f n}3|ͥ|Ͳ!Q s{  !R!Q n!f s!1R!Q n!f s ð ͒̀-̀[&Å p!f n&F!g9FINCan't open input file '%s'. I only understand Perfect Formatter intermediate output files.Printing '%s' on device '%s' -- OK? Printing %d copies of '%s' on device '%s' -- OK? -- skipping file. Aborting this file. Aborting all files. !9DM!H! 5#`is#r͇͐"Q!͇͐"*`!(&͑&"͐?͇"!!!!(&!9Perfect Printer 1.20*c#"c*c*c*c}*c!)S'*c}*c!/S[&*c}'/ [%d] %dK|D!!!9DM!"i"i{2i{2i>2EjN`i6`in}ͩ&>} ʓ ʧʭ*c*cڤ4&!V! s#r*c*c͐"`i6`in}̀r! s`isͩ&>! s! n} ʜ ʟ ʟʦʯʶ$$$Faʆʭ ?~ç̀`i6!E`i6NV! s#r͐~#fo!Hs#rw! s#r͐6Nw! s#r͐6͐ 6Nw! s#r͐! nsNw! s#r͐ 6Nw! s#r͐6͐ 6N>2iw! s#r͐! nsN>2iw! s#r͐! nsNw! s#r͐6͐6͐6͐ 6͐ 6NN>2Ej*i"?j!H"Aj!"CjNV! s#r͐ 6͐~#fo! t!s#r*Cj#"CjNV! s#r͐~#foz"s#rV! s#r*i#"i+c! ns͐##~#fo! n&t!s#r`in} ! n}͝! s̀! n})*Ej})*Ajz""Aj*i kd*is#r!E! 9>2i*i}! *i kd*=j ki]Y*i kd*is#r*i kd##w#w*i kdw#w*i#"i>2i*i+ kd!9DM̀̀`is#r͐!. ͐͐5#%!9Invalid mica value in intermediate file. !"=j{2i{2i{2i{2i{2i*=jڏ! ý! *=j# ki*=j ki]Y*=j#"=j*=j kiCharacter attributes nested too deeply. *=j ! *=j+"=jAttrPop: stack underflow #!HRͮY! Y Insert fresh page; type any character when ready --> !9DM*c*cҘ*Ej}ʣ͑&!S`is#r*i}͐"!!(&͐"!!(&*i}͐"!!(&͐"!9!9DM`iw#w! w#w͐*i͐ kdn! n}Œ͇͐"! n&͐ͩ&`iw#w`i~#fo͐ kd##~#fo͐ kd~#fos#r! ^#Vr+s7!9!9DM͐|:! n}:͐+ kdn}:͐ kdn}:!!Uq%͐ kd~#fo͇"͐ kdn&!Uq%͐ kdn&!Bq%͐ kd n&!Iq%͐ kd~#fo`is#r͐͐# kd~#fo͐cn&͙`i^#Vr+s!!Uq%!9!9DM*Aj`is#r*Cj! s#r͐|Cù͐͐! s#r*Aj?|g}o͐! s#r͐͐! s#rͩ&*?j! s#r͐*i͐ kd n}͐ kd~#fo͐s#r! ^#Vr+sÞͩ&*?j! s#r͐B͐ kd n}4! ^#Vr+s! ^#Vr+sͩ&͐ Ҷ͐*il*?j! s#r͐ kd n}ʨ! ^#Vr+s͐ kd^#Vr+s! ^#Vr+sEͩ&! 9!9DMFj! s#r͐ ͐Z`is#r͐|!5͐͐s#r͐͐OR͐w#w͐̀͐5!9!9DMFj`is#r͐~#fo|e!w͐~#fon&w!9!9DMFj`is#r͐~#fo|§!H͐^#Vr+s͐^#Vr+s!6!@͐͐~#foVZ! s#r͐|!H͐͐?s#r͐͐s#r͐~#fon&H!9!9DMFj`is#r͐|{͐~#fo|!È͐È!9!9DMFj`is#r͐|ʼ͐~#fo|¿!!͐~#foZ͐w#w͐̀!9!9DMFj`is#r͐|"͐~#fo|(!E͐~#fo1[͐w#w!9!9DM͐n&^R͐n&^R{!! ^#Vr+sn}ʡ! ^#Vr+sn}¦!V!9DM͐RͲ^R> >>Y>>>>>>>>N >)!9R!!>R!!BR4üYes No Answer 'Y' or 'N' --> !9DM͐n}ʅ! ^#Vr+sn}.‚b! ^#Vr+s6.͐͐OR!4[!4[!R(C) Perfect Software, Inc.!9DM! n&͐͐,!"d! n}(!V*5#"f.!"f! n}2r>2v!"t!"v{2x{2w!I8;|͝}2y!"b>2s(&[&*r}ʑ!V*5#"#.!9DM*v}±*x}@ *v} *v}*x}*y}! n} *v}@ ! n&rR| ! n&;R|@ `i6*d*t))t##~#fo= *t#"t))t*ds#rD `i6! n&  ! n&~ ! n} *bkz! ns*bkz#*ds#r*bkz###*ws*bkz*x}ͣ *y}͝s*b#"b*d! n&t!"dL!! n&|g}o|/!!~͙! n&|g}o͙L!!^͙! n&@|g}o͙`in}h!*t))t##*ds#rͩ&!9!9DM! n& ڭ!! n&~ڭ!! n&/!! n&|g}o|!! n&|g}ot!!! n&@|g}ot!!9DM͐n}'"! ^#Vr+sn&͙"!9DM`iw#w͐n}j"`i~#fo͐n&t!s#r! ^#Vr+s7"͐q"!9!/!9DM*v}"*t))t##~#fo*d"*t#"t))t*ds#r*d͐"d*v}"*t))t##*ds#r!9DM'*f͐"f'*d.*f.*f*j"f0!9DM*¶#͐ H¶#͐͐! s#r! ~#fo͐s#r͐͐|g}o! s#r͐T%*5A$͐ VA$͐͐͐͐͐ ! s#r͐͐ |g}o! s#r͐T%*#¼$͐ V¼$͐͐͐͐ ! s#r͐͐|g}o! s#r͐T%͐ H$*`is#r$͐ V$*`is#r$!]% ͐!%͉͐͐! s#r7%͐)͉͐! s#r͐͐|g}oT%!9PUnMica: bad direc?!9DM! n}Uʑ%Bʰ%I%%!O8;|ʪ%! n}2ví%ͷ& &*ɐ}%!O8;|%! n}2w%ͷ& &*͐}%!O8;|%! n}2x%ͷ& &! & &PSetAttr: unknown attribute '!"d*n"*j*f*j"*f*j|o&?&*d*f*j*l*n*h*j5|ʵ&4*s}&!&R>2sThis device, as currently defined, cannot overprint. !9DM*b|'Ô(*f.*f*j"f*b+kz#~#fo*{͝(! s#r͐+|e'!i'*b+! s#r͐! s#r͐|k(͐*bk(͐kz#~#fo.͐kz###n&!B0͐kzn&!I0͐kzn&}/͐kz###n}P(!B8;|P(!C8;|P(͐/͐kzn&}/ͩ&! ~#fo͐s#r}'!B8;|ˆ(!C8;|ˆ((\*!"t"b! 9!9DM!D8;|(e/͐Te/͐T(!(!!9DM`iw#w͐*b0)͐kz###n}$)0)`i^#Vr+s(͐*bB)S**b! s#r͐+kz###n}s)! ^#Vr+sM)͐+kz#~#fo͐kz#~#fo͝(! s#r͐+|º)͐ÿ)͐+! s#r͐! s#r͐͐S*͐͐S*͐kz###n};*͐kz#~#fo.͐kzn&}/ͩ&! ~#fo͐s#r)! 9!9DM*t))t##~#fo*x͝(! s#r͐ +|•*!Ø**t! s#r!_/! s#r͐`is#r͐ ,͐*t ,͐))t~#fo! s#r͐))t##~#fo͐! s#r͐ +|+͐#+͐! s#r͐͐U+͐͐! s#r͐ .!_}/͐ +|°+͐ ͐ڃ++! ~#fo͐͐ ͐4Ts#r+͐ ͐++! ~#fo͐ ͐͐4Ts#rͩ&U+`i~#fo͐ s#rú*!"t!9!9DM!!J.Z"d|M,!!Q.Z"d|h,!!*dVZp,!Z. !4!f!]Y!.!͌R|ʡ,!!. ͐|°,(9,͐!7|,͐!.S(9!!!]Y*}ʄ-**g?Ͷ8!!!]Y**g?#Ͷ8!!!]Y`iw#w͐҄-͐)!H͐)~#fo5#s#r`i^#Vr+sE-*}ʮ-**ѯgͶ8!!!]Y͐0*d1[!H*5#"l!V*5#"n!H*5#"h!V*5#"j! /"p! n}'.!V*5#"-.!"!"*ͦ9!""!9PF.DATA:PF.DATCan't open the system database file (PF.DAT) 1.20Wrong version of PF.DATCan't find device '%s'; using default. 0%:2!9DM͐"!9DM͐**j%/!9DM*͐"!9DM͐|>/!M/ *͐"DMoveV: can't move up! ***j!9DM!C8;|ʨ/! n&/ë/!`is#r͐/0͐/*}/! n&n&/! n&""!9!9DM*}0! n&)~#fo0*l!9DM͐>B70>F0>IC0>ʈ00*! n&{0*ɐ}{00! n}s0!Ȑv0!ʐm3! n&"0* ! n&ʽ0*͐}ʽ00! n}ʵ0!̐ø0!ΐm3! n&" 002***"y:**j"!""!9DM͐|Z1͐!7|W1͐!2`i[T`i!7|W1`i͐!&2 u1*n|m1*nͶ8u1!D2 !!;!]Y*}1͐|1͐!e2`i[T`i!7|1`i!k2 1*l|1*lͶ81!2 !!$!]Y!!RXP>2ڔ!"۔!"ݔ!9%s OutCan't find port '%s' or '%s'.No default output port defined! %s InCan't find port '%s', required for synchronization.No default input port defined (one is required for synchronization). 2!RͰP|242!9DM!RP|34 34!R! n&>Q!9DM͐ W3͐ 23͐ 03!9DM͐ n&А`is#r͐ n͐ #nѯgWА! s#r͐ #n&d4͐͐3`i^#Vr+sn&3ð3!9!9DM! `is#r! w#w`i^#Vr+s~#fo#|4! ^#Vr+s3͐d4! `is#r! ^#Vr+sz[4`i^#Vr+s~#fo314!9!9DM͐|4͐ ڐ4͐!4 !RP|ʣ44Ð4!R͐>QOUnInter: %d chars is too many! !RͰP|5!R͛Q25|5!RQs65|554*N}ͣ)5*O}ͣ͝&!9DM͐e5͐ e5͐`is#rl5`i6#6*}ʂ5ʊ5ʺ55637&G6ͩ6|ʢ57ͣ}2ڔ*ڔ}ͣʵ537|ͣ&G6*۔͐<537|5!&G6!͊7*ݔ#"ݔ!"۔ͩ6|676*ݔ6*ݔ+"ݔ*ݔͩ0637|ͣ&G6*&!P6 G6!9Invalid synchronization code: '%d'!9DM͐ڗ6͐ җ6͐͊7*۔#"۔*7}6*8}6!&*7}6*8&4[6*8&X[*9ѯg|g}o*:&͝&*4}7*5&4[ 7*5&X[*6ѯg|g}o&*N}K7*O}K7!&*N}`7*O&4[j7*O&X[*Pѯg|g}o*Q&͝&!9DM! n*MѯgW|g}os*K}7! n&*L&4[7! n&*L&e[!9DM͐>7>8>8>818*f`is#r*t! s#rA8*z`is#r*! s#rA8!8 !&Ï8`iw#w͐͐҇8͐Ͷ8!͐ N|{8!&Ï8`i^#Vr+sG8!&Ï8!9FindRec: Invalid record type.!9DM!͐*dZ|8!!*dVZ8!8 Read error in system database file (PF.DAT) *||99!S9 *|Ͷ8*}Q9!p9 No default printer defined! 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DICTNARY.SPLA:DICTUPD$.$$$AFFIXTAB.SPLADDDICT.SPLPW -SPELL BAKRead error.Write error.-A value not multiple of 256Illegal option r %d %d%d words added to dictionary. File to check: Cannot open %d words processed. %d words not recognized... %d words processed. %d words not recognized. Scan list of unrecognized words now ? Marking misspelled words in %s... Exit directly to %s ? Cannot find %s. MENUA:MENU*** FATAL ERROR: *** WARNING: *** Cannot read Specify length following -ANot enough memory.List length = %d; TOP = %x Affix table overflow at Out of space on misspelled wordlist.%s %s? oot = dd gnore hange dit Answer with: a - Add word to dictionary i - Ignore word c - mark word to be Changed r - enter word's Root into dictionary e - mark remaining words and Edit text Bad wordlist structurewCannot write new dictionaryTrouble writing new dictionaryDelete old dictionary before writing (Risky!)? 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Previous Word C-D Next Character ESC..D Next Word C-C To End of Line ESC..C-K Entire Line ESC..K Sentence Forward ESC..H C-W Paragraph TO DELETE REGION 1. At Front enter C-@ to Set Mark 2. Move Cursor to End of Region and type C-W ================================================================== SEARCHING C-S Forward Search C-R Reverse Search ESC..R Search & Replace ESC..C-R Search & Replace with Query C-G Cancel . Exit to Entry Point ! Replace All , Replace & Query Again Y Replace & Continue N No Replacement & Continue ================================================================= FILE COMMANDS C-X C-R Read File C-X C-F Find File C-X C-S Save File C-X C-W Write File BUFFER COMMANDS C-X C-B Buffer Directory C-X K Delete Buffer C-X B Switch Buffers MULTIPLE WINDOW DISPLAY C-X 2 Two Windows C-X 1 One Window C-X O Other Window C-X ^ Grow Window ========================================================================= UTILITIES C-T Transpose Characters ESC..T Transpose Words C-X = Where am I C-X C-C Quit ESC..Q Reform Paragraph C-G "Go Back" or Cancel ESC..C-W Turn On "+" C-X C-X Swap Point and Mark C-Y Yankback ESC..C-L Refresh Screen ESC..S Center Line C-Q Quote Entry C-X S Call Speller ESC..? Call Help File ================================================================== INDENTATION C-X . Set Indent Column C-X F Fill Column Setting C-X Set Tab C-O Open Line ESC..J Open Subsequent Indented Line Same as Current ESC..O Open Leading Indented Line Same as Current ================================================================= MODE SELECTION {C-X M Add Mode C-X Delete Mode} NORMAL Words do not wrap. SAVE Automatically saves file after every 512 charcters. FILL Turns on word wrap (automatic carraige return). VIEW Allows viewing file without insertion and deletion. OVERWRITE Editing commands overwrite and cursor moves vertically. SPELL Allows for correction of misspelled words. CAPITALIZATION ESC..U Uppercase Word ESC..L Lowercase Word ESC..C Capitalize Word REPEAT COMMAND ESC..{digit} repeats the command that follows by {digit} =================================================================== COPYING & MOVING Copy Region 1. With the cursor at front of region to be copied enter: ESC.. {echo line responds "Mark Set"} 2. Move cursor to end of region to be copied and enter: ESC..W {"+" sign appears in mode line} 3. Position cursor at destination and type: C-Y Delete Region: Complete steps 1 and 2 above and then enter: C-W Write Region: Complete steps 1 and 2 above and then enter: C-X R {echo line asks for file to write region to} Insert File: Enter C-X I {echo line asks for file to insert} =================================================================== (C) 1982 Perfect Software, Inc. All rights reserved. t} repeats the command that follows by {digit} means hold the CONTROL key down and type a character. ESC.. means type the ESCAPE key, release it, then type the character. (The Meta displayed in the echo line stands for "Meta-command"; ESC is a substitute for the imaginary "meta-shift" key.) Thus, C--F would mean hold the control key, and type F. You will often be asked to type characters to see how they work. Now type C--V (View next screen) to move to the next screen. (Go ahead, do it by depressing the control key and V together). From now on, you'll be expected to do this whenever you finish reading the screen. Note that there is an overlap when going from screen to screen; this provides some continuity when moving through the file. The first thing that you need to know is how to move around from place to place in the file. You already know how to move forward a screen, with C--V. To move backwards a screen, type C--Z. Try typing C--Z and then C--V to move back and forth a few times. SUMMARY ------- The following commands are useful for viewing screenfuls: C--V Move forward one screenful C--Z Move backward one screenful ESC..C--L 'Refresh' the current screen. Try typing an ESCape Control--L now. (You'll notice that it moves the text vertically, so the cursor is in the center.) Perfect Writer is an easy-to-use word processor. You should be able to teach yourself how to use it by reading through the following seven lessons. The lessons are designed to be read by you at your own pace and convenience while sitting at a computer. The contents of the lessons are as follows: Lesson 1: Getting Started This lesson shows you how to type in text, and the commands used to move the cursor around and delete and insert text. Lesson 2: Moving Around Faster This lesson introduces commands for moving around the text faster. Lesson 3: Reading, Writing and Printing Files This lesson explains the computer file system and how Perfect Writer uses it to store text. Commands for reading, writing and printing files are demonstrated. At this point, the user will be able to use Perfect Writer effectively for simple document preparation. Lesson 4: Searching This lesson introduces the search and replace commands. Lesson 5: Copying and Moving Text This lesson introduces the delete and restore commands. Several examples of text movement are provided. Lesson 6: Word Processing Commands This lesson explains the command used for "filling" paragraphs of text and the commands used to set parameters which control this operation. Commands which change the case of words are also explained. Lesson 7: Multiple Files and Dual Window Display This lesson shows how to use the dual window display and multiple editing buffers. When you are finished with this introduction to the Teaching Disk, enter: C--X C--R and answer 'lesson1' when asked, "File to Read :" This will take you directly to Lesson 1. If you want to exit and come back later, then enter: C--X C--C When you wish to restart with Lesson 1, then simply enter: A>pw lesson1 {from CP/M} or Select E from the main menu and supply the filename "lesson1". t are provided. buffers. When you are finished with this introduction to the Teaching Disk, enter: C--X C--R and answer 'lesson1' when asked, "File to Read :" This will take you directly to Lesson 1. If you want to exit and come back later, then e Lesson 1: Getting Started Perfect Writer is a powerful user-friendly word processor especially designed for personal computers. In many ways, it makes your computer similar to a modern office typewriter. During this first lesson, you should be getting used to typing on your computer. In this set of lessons we will be learning how to edit a file. When you start up Perfect Writer, you are presented with the Main Selection Menu. In order to edit a file, you select option E from this menu. Perfect Writer responds by asking you for the name of the file you wish to edit. If you are creating a new file, simply type a carriage return. (Perfect Writer will supply a default file name, "-NAME.ME".) However, if you are editing an existing document file, then you will have to provide the file name followed by a carriage return. When you are finished, Perfect Writer will begin to run, and you will notice some buzzing over at the disc drives. Your terminal screen will be blanked in preparation for your typing. A single line will appear at the bottom of your screen, something like: Perfect Writer 1.03 (Fill) -name:-NAME.ME -0%- which tells you that Perfect Writer is ready. Let's practice starting up Perfect Writer now. Be sure you remember what you need to do to get back to here. You might want to write a note for yourself, if you're unsure. Begin by entering: C--X C--C When the Main Selection menu is presented, enter: E followed by 'lesson1' when asked for the file to edit. TYPING AT THE COMPUTER KEYBOARD Perfect Writer has Dual Display Windows that will allow you to continue reading the Teaching Disk while practising what you learn in another window. To use the two windows, enter the TWO WINDOW command: C--X 2 {C--X 1 will return you to one window.} Then call up a new file by entering: C--X C--F and answering 'scratch.pad' when asked for the "File to Read :". This will provide you with a blank editing buffer in the top screen while allowing you to scroll the lessons in the bottom window with the: C--X C--V {Scroll other window down} C--X C--Z {Scroll other window up} The TWO WINDOWS command divides the screen into two equal size windows. Since the top window needs less space, we will increase the size of the bottom window. Enter the OTHER WINDOW command: C--X O {letter "O"} [you'll need to type C--V to scroll up] Use the META REPEAT command (or Escape Key followed by a digit for the number of repetitions) and the ENLARGE WINDOW command (Control--X ^) to increase the size of the bottow window by 4 lines. Enter: ESC..4 C--X ^ (Note that the ^ character is located above the 6 on your keyboard.) and then return to the top window with the OTHER WINDOW command: C--X O [When cursor is in top window, type C--X C--V to scroll up.] Let's begin by typing on the keyboard. Type the four words: This is a test. Notice that as you typed, what you were typing appeared at the top of the screen. At the end of the line you typed, right after the period, is a solid or blinking box or underline. This is called the "cursor". It is an indicator of where you are in your text. It functions just like the carriage of an ordinary typewriter, showing you where the next thing you type will appear. The next thing you type will be a carriage-return. As on an electric typewriter, hitting the carriage-return key puts you at the beginning of the next line. After the carriage-return, type another line: I am testing this word processor. and follow it with another carriage-return. Now you have a two-line document. Notice that the line at the bottom of the screen has not changed position throughout this typing. The entire screen of a computer does not move or scroll the same way that a paper would in a typewriter. Only the top portion of the screen will scroll upward, if you type enough text. This area is called the "window". Imagine it as a small viewing area onto a large document, and the name will make sense. Let's type a little more, in order to demonstrate the word wrap feature. Type: It's not much different from using a typewriter, except that when you go past the right margin, Perfect Writer automatically enters a carriage return. Enter a carriage return to get to the beginning of the next line. We could go on typing lines of text, but sooner or later we would make a mistake. Let's make one now, on purpose. Type just the two words: But typewriterz and stop there. So much for our "error". The "z" in "typewriterz" should have been an "s". What do we normally do on a typewriter if we type a wrong letter? We use the erase key if it's a modern office typewriter, or else get the bottle of white-out. Perfect Writer has an erase key, too. Type the key labelled "DEL". Observe that the "z" in "typewriterz" has disappeared from the screen, and the cursor has moved backward a space, to right after the "r". Type an "s" now, and the word "typewriters" will become correct. It truly IS very much like using a typewriter. Suppose we realize that we had forgotten to type some word before the word "typewriters". Just hit the DELETE key enough times to erase the word "typewriters". (Go ahead and do that now, delete "typewriters".) Next type: most typewriters and stop. The line now reads "But most typewriters" and the cursor is right after the "s" in "typewriters". We have seen that all text we type is entered at the cursor; now we have also seen that text we delete is deleted at the cursor as well. What if, as before, we discovered a word missing, only on the FIRST line this time? For example, let's suppose we wanted to change the sentence reading "This is a test." to "This is only a test." by adding the word "only". You certainly could type the DELETE key enough times to erase all the way back, but it would be an awful waste of time, if we had to do it that way. The way we modify or add text in Perfect Writer is to "go" to the place in the text where we want text to be added or changed, and then type in whatever text we want there. In order to "go" somewhere, we move the cursor to that place on the screen. To get to the first line of text, we will move the cursor up five lines, one at a time. To make Perfect Writer move the cursor to the previous line, enter the PREVIOUS LINE command: C--P {you may also use the up arrow key "^"} Now let us go up four more lines, to the first line. Hold down the control key again, and type "P" four times while holding it. Again, the cursor will jump up a line each time. Now that we are on the correct line for the change we wish to make, we can move around on that line to get to the correct place. We can move backwards on that line with the BACKWARD CHARACTER command: C--B {also use the back arrow key "<--"} Hold down the control key. Now watch the screen, and press the "B" key several times, while still holding the control key. You will see the cursor move backwards, that is, to the left, one character position for each time you press the "B" key. We now want to move forward to the place after the word "is", in order to insert the word "only". Hold down the control key, and type the letter "F" several times. "Control--F" is the command for "FORWARD CHARACTER", i.e., move the cursor forward one character. While still holding down the control key, type F until the cursor is under the word "a". If you type the Control--F too many times, simply type Control--B until you get to the right place. What you are doing now is an important form of interaction with Perfect Writer - issuing commands to move to "the right place", or "until the right thing has happened". Now the cursor is at the "a", and we wish to put the word "only" there. Simply type the four letters o, n, l, and y. You will watch Perfect Writer move the rest of the line over to make room for the new text, and you now have on that line: This is onlya test. with the cursor still under the "a". Immediately, we perceive a problem: there is no space between "only" and "a". This is simply because we did not enter one. Hit the space bar. Now we have: This is only a test. with the cursor still on the "a". We have now fixed the text. Note that in order to type in the new word, "only", we did not have to say anything special, we just moved the cursor to the right place and started typing. Whenever we type a non-control character, it goes into the text at the position of the cursor, and moves the cursor over one to the right. Now we must go to the end of the document, where we had left off when we decided to add the word "only" to the first line. We can do this by going to the Next Line, and the Next Line, until we are where we want to be. We do this with the NEXT LINE command: C--N {also use the down arrow key} Enter the NEXT LINE command five times. We are now on the right line. You will find that you are in the middle of the line, because Perfect Writer tries to keep you in the same "column" when going between lines. Type a few Control Fs to get to the end of the line. Now let's finish the sentence, "But most typewriters are old-fashioned." Enter the words: are old-fashioned. and surely enough, your entire text appears correct before you: This is only a test. I am testing this word processor. It's not much different from using a typewriter, except that when you go past the right margin, Perfect Writer automatically enters a carriage return. But most typewriters are old-fashioned. If you haven't already done so, type a carriage-return after the last sentence. Now the text has seven lines in it, and the last one is a blank line. Now type a "Control--P" to move up to the previous line. The cursor is now at the "B" in "But". What if we wanted to change "But most typewriters" to "Most word processors"? We have to erase the first three words, then insert the new text. So far, the only way you know to delete text is to use the DELETE key. But if you were to hit it now, it would delete the character you just entered, that is, the newline. We could, of course, type some Control F's to get the cursor past the words, and then type some DELETEs. But this would be cumbersome. Instead, Perfect Writer has a DELETE NEXT CHARACTER command: "Control--D". Hold down the control key, and type "D" enough times to get rid of the words "But most typewriters". Notice that, as usual, the entire line is "swallowed up" and moves to the left as the characters disappear. Now type "Most word processors" to insert those words at the beginning of the line. Type a space after "processors", if you happened to delete the one to the right of "typewriters" earlier. Take a look at the "mode line" at the bottom of the screen again. The percentage mark is no longer zero, as it was when we started. This number just says roughly how far through the file the cursor is. It's not too useful when you can see your entire document on the screen as we can now, but for large text files, it's handy to know where you are. If you want more information you could enter the LOCATION command: C--X = Enter this command now, and observe what happens. Perfect Writer displays information on the file you are editing in the "echo line", the line just below the mode line. The information displays the Point in the text where the cursor is, how long the file is in characters, what column the cursor is in, and what line the cursor is on. Again look at the mode line. You'll see an asterisk at the right edge of the mode line which appeared there when you started typing. This asterisk means that the text which is on the screen is different from what you started with. It turns on in order to tell you that your text has not been saved anywhere, and that if you leave Perfect Writer without saving it, your work will be lost. We'll learn about saving the text we type in Lesson 3. To review what we've learned in Lesson 1 return to the OTHER WINDOW, and go back to ONE WINDOW mode by entering: C--X O and then C--X 1 You have just learned ten important Perfect Writer commands: DELETE Delete previous character. Control--D Delete next character. Control--F Forward character. {forward arrow key "-->"} Control--B Backward character. {back arrow key "<--"} Control--N Next line. {down arrow key} Control--P Previous line. {up arrow key "^"} Control--X Control--C Quit the editor. Control--X 2 Create Two Windows. Control--X 1 Use One Window. Control--X = Status line. You have also learned some basic Perfect Writer vocabulary: cursor: The indicator which shows where you are about to insert or delete text on the screen. window: The area which covers most of the screen, and which displays twenty to twenty-five lines of the text which you are currently editing. mode line: The line at the bottom of the screen which tells you (1) how far through the text you are and (2) whether the text on the screen has been changed since it was last saved. There are other pieces of information which the mode line provides; more about those in Lessons 3 and 7. Practice using the commands in this lesson until you are thoroughly familiar with them. They are very important and useful commands. With these commands and one or two others, you can do just about anything you will ever be called upon to do. All the other commands just make it easier to do more complex things, but you can always move around and type in text with these. You may want to continue experimenting with the things you have just learned. When you are done, you will have to leave the editor. This is done as follows: type a "Control X" followed by a "Control C" (C for "Command level"). To do this, hold down the control key, and type an "X" and a "C" while holding it. Perfect Writer will respond: Abandon modified buffer(s)? because you have done work that you have not saved. That's O.K. for now. Type "Y". Perfect Writer will return to the Main Selection Menu. If you want to continue with the Teaching Disk, then select option E and enter "lesson2".  Practice using the commands in this lesson until you are thoroughly familiar with t" (C for "Command level"). To do this, hold down the control key, and type an "X" and a "C" while holding it. Perfect Writer will respond: Abandon modified buffer(s)? because you have done work that you have not saved. That's O.K. for now. Type "Y". Perfect Writer will return to the Main Selection Menu. If you want to continue with the Teaching Disk, then s Lesson 2: Moving Around Faster In this lesson we will be learning how to move the cursor around faster. Again, we need to use the Dual Display Windows. To use the Dual Display windows, enter the TWO WINDOW command: C--X 2 Then create a scratch pad by entering: C--X C--F and answering 'scratch1.pad' when asked for the "File to Read :". As before, this will provide you with a blank editing buffer in the top screen while allowing you to scroll the lesson in the bottom window with the commands: ESC..V {Scroll other window down} ESC..Z {Scroll other window up} The TWO WINDOWS command divides the screen into two equal size windows. Since the top window needs less space, we will increase the size of the bottom window. Enter the OTHER WINDOW command: C--X O {the letter "O"} Use the ESCape REPEAT command and the ENLARGE WINDOW command (C--X ^) to increase the size of the bottow window by 4 lines. Enter: ESC..4 C--X ^ and then return to the top window with the OTHER WINDOW command: C--X O Let's begin by typing on the keyboard. Type the following text on to the screen, using Perfect Writer. Since the text is poetry of a sort, be sure to break the lines (type carriage returns) at the proper places. Use the DELETE key to correct some of the mistakes as you type it in. Blackbird singing in the dead of night. Take these broken wings and learn to fly. All your life You were only waiting for this moment to arise. Blackbird fly, Blackbird fly Into the light of the dark black night. by the Beatles Now, let's go back and make certain that the text is perfect. This should be a good chance to review, using C--P (Previous line), C--N (Next line), C--B (Backward character), C--F (Forward character), and C--D (Delete character). It won't take long to make it perfect -- it's easy to turn a draft copy into a final document, if you don't have to retype the whole thing every time there's a change! In this lesson, we are going to change the text you just typed in and perfected. Changing this verse could be a real chore, if all we had were the commands we learned in Lesson 1. Moving one character at a time is slow, especially if we can see the place we want to get to in order to make a change. For example, how would you change the last word on the previous line? Typing C--P and lots of C--Fs could take a while. To illustrate a new command, let's change the word "night" to "dawn". Type some C--Ps to position yourself on the proper line. Now type a C--E. C--E is the END OF LINE command, which moves the cursor to the end of the line. Now type in enough DELETEs to erase the word, "night". (Perhaps you will want to type some C--Bs to pass over the punctuation first.) Then type in "dawn". Now, suppose we wanted to change the word, "Take", at the beginning of the second line to the word, "Wear". We could type some C--Bs, but this would take a lot of keystrokes. Instead, there is a command which moves to the beginning of the line: C--A. An easy way to remember that a C--A moves to the beginning of the line is that "A" is at the beginning of the alphabet, or that it is on the far left of the keyboard, and the cursor moves to the far left of the line. So, go ahead now and type a C--A, a C--N, and then type four C--Ds to delete the word, "Take", and then insert the word, "Wear", by simply typing it. Now type enough C--Ns to get back to the bottom of the text. Notice that if you keep typing C--Ns, you still stop at the last line you entered. Similarly, if you type C--Ps when you are at the beginning of your text, you will just stay in the same place. Now that we're at the end of the text, what if we noticed that we wanted to change the first line? We could type a lot of C--Ps, one at a time. This is easy enough, but may be more time-consuming for longer "distances". The command C--U (for "Universal repeat count") will allow us to make the jump with less typing. Type the C--U. You will notice a message at the bottom of the screen saying "Argument:" appear, along with the number "4". Type a "6" (The number in the message will change to "6" also.), since the line we want is six lines above where the cursor is now. Then type a C--P. Six C--P commands in a row will automatically get executed. If we decided that this wasn't where we wanted to be, we could have typed "ESC..6 C--N", and gone down six lines just as easily. ESCape repeats anything. Anything? Yes. Type "ESC..10 *". Ten stars will appear in your text. Now type an ESCape, then type the number ten, and then type the DELETE key. They will all go away again. ESCape really does repeat anything. Why did the number four appear as the "Universal" repeat count each time before we typed in our number? If we hadn't typed a number, whatever character (control or otherwise) typed subsequently would have been repeated four times. This is the default value. In addition to moving by characters, Perfect Writer has commands that allow you to move the cursor by words at a time. To move forward a word at a time use the FORWARD WORD command: ESC..F. Do that now. Type an "ESC..F", and see what happens on the screen. Try it again a few times. The ESC..F command stands for "Move forward a word". Let's change the word, "singing", to "whistling". Move to the top line of the screen (in whatever method is most convenient for you now) to the first line of text on the left-hand edge. (Use C--A to do this) Use the ESC..F command to skip past the word, "Blackbird", and then use it again to skip past the word, "singing". What the ESC..F command does is to move to the end of whatever word is in front of it. If you were in the middle of a word and typed ESC..F, you would go to the end of that word. To delete the word, you could type many DELETEs. But as you might have guessed, there is an ESC..command to do that, too. To delete words, use the ESC..DELETE command. Type the Escape key, then type the DELETE key, and the word, "singing", will disappear. Now type in "whistling". Let's also change the word "dead" to "dark". To do that, move past the next two words (only TWO, the words "in" and "the") with the ESC..F command. Now let's delete the word, "dead", by using the ESC..D command. As you can now see, there are parallel commands for C--F (ESC..F), DELETE (ESC..DELETE), and C--D (ESC..D), all of which work on words rather than characters. Now that we've deleted the word with ESC..D, let's type in the word "dark". But look at the screen! Since we didn't type a space before the next word, the last two are run together. Why did the space between the words get deleted with ESC..D, but not with ESC..DELETE before? Just like the ESC..F command, the ESC..D command only knows about deleting to the end of the next word. So, if you are in front of a space which itself is in front of the next word, ESC..D will delete the space, too, since all Perfect Writer does is to delete until it reaches the end of the next word. Let's fix up the missing space by typing C--Bs until the cursor is on top of the "d" in "dark", and then typing a space. You may have noticed that we didn't mention an ESC..B (to go with C--B) above. Well, surely enough there is one. Type that now, and notice that the cursor jumps backward across the word, "the". Let's delete that word (either with C--D's or ESC..D), and type in the words, "this lonely". Just so you know that you've gotten everything right this lesson, the first line should now read, "Blackbird whistling in this lonely dark of dawn". If it's not correct, take a minute to fix it up now using some of the commands you've learned in this lesson. Now let's change the word, "fly", in the second line to "travel". One easy way to do this would be to notice that the word, "fly", is at the end of the next line, almost below where we are now. It could be reached by typing a C--N and a C--E. Another way would be to see that it is the eleventh word after the ones we just typed in, and that it can be reached by typing ESC..10 ESC..F. However you get there, delete the word, using either ESC..D or ESC..DELETE, and insert the word "travel". If you used the ESC..DELETE command, you might have to type the period at the end of the line again, since it may have been eaten up in the backward deletion of the word. Suppose we wanted to insert the name of the poem, "Blackbird", in the line with the author's name? We could type some C--Ns to get to the last line, but there is a quicker way. Type "ESC..>" (the Escape key, then a greater-than symbol). This, as you see, puts the cursor at the end of all the text. Now type a C--P to position the cursor at the beginning of the proper line, and insert a comma and the title. There is a command to move as far as possible in the other direction, too. Type "ESC..<", and you will move the cursor to the beginning of the text. There are two more quick-motion commands which you may find useful. These are ESC..A and ESC..E. They are similar to C--A and C--E, except that they move to the beginning and end of sentences rather than lines. Now you have a reasonably complete set of parallels for the control commands you learned in Lesson1: C--F Forward Character ESC..F Forward Word C--B Backward Character ESC..B Backward Word C--D Delete Forward Character ESC..D Delete Forward Word DELETE Delete Backward Character ESC..DELETE Delete Backward Word C--A Beginning of Line ESC..A Beginning of Sentence C--E End of Line ESC..E End of Sentence ESC..< Beginning of Text ESC..> End of Text Experiment with these commands for a little while, until you are used to what they do and are able to remember most of them. When you are done and want to leave Perfect Writer, type "C--X C--C", as you did in Lesson 1. You'll learn more about what this and some of the other C--X commands are used for in the next lesson. If you want to go to the next lesson, just select option E from the Main Selection Menu, and enter "lesson3" when asked for the name of file to edit..F Forward Word C--B Backward Character ESC..B Backward Word C--D Lesson 3: Reading, Writing, and Printing Files In this lesson, we introduce you to Perfect Writer's use of computer "files". Your computer's filing system is similar to the one you or I use. If you want to look at an old report, what do you do? You pull out the file from the filing drawer, and put it on your desk. To find a particular spot in the report, you page through it on your desk. You might change it or add something to it, then put it back into the file drawer. The operations are similar on the computer system. The only differences are the ways in which the "file drawers", "files", and "pages" work, and in the terms used. In this sense, you can think of the disk drive as the filing cabinet and each of the flexible "floppy disks" as a removable filing drawer. One of the properties of these disks is that they are only useful when put into the disk drive, which is not true of filing drawers and cabinets! On each of the disks, as in each of the drawers, are many files. You can see what files you have in a drawer either by leafing through them, or by looking at the short label on the front of the file drawer. There is a label space on each flexible disk which is similar to the one on the whole drawer, but how can you find out the names on each of the files? There is a computer program to do this for you. When you are not using Perfect Writer, and you have a disk drive prompt, just try typing "DIR" for Directory, and it will list the names of the files. Most files have two names, like "THISFILE.MSS", that is, a file name, then a dot, and then an extension. The first part (the filename) can't be longer than eight characters, and the second part (the extension) can be up to three characters long. For Perfect Writer, the extension ".MSS" (standing for ManuScript Source) is always used for document files. This is a lot more limited than what you can write on a file folder, so you can now understand why some computer files seem to have such cryptic names. What is the analogy of getting the file out and putting it on your desk? To Perfect Writer, this is called "reading" a file. Perfect Writer has an unusual way of manipulating it, though. Just as you would probably not mark up the originals of a report in your file folder, Perfect Writer does not usually change the contents of the file on the floppy disk. You would make a photocopy of your work, mark it up or change it, and then perhaps retype it and replace what was originally in the file folder. Perfect Writer does something similar: it "reads in" a copy of that file, and then lets you modify that copy. There is a command in Perfect Writer to save the work that you've been doing as the original again. This is analogous to putting your new work back into the file, and back into the file drawer. To Perfect Writer this is known as "writing" the file. In Perfect Writer, the part which performs the function of the working desk while we manipulate the file is the "buffer". Files are "read in" to the buffer, and they are "written out" back to the computer filing system. The computer terminal screen is a sort of window into that buffer, and we can move the window around with the control commands you have learned in previous lessons. Here are the commands: C--X C--F: Find the file in the computer filing system, and read it into the Perfect Writer buffer. C--X C--W: Write the file out from the Perfect Writer buffer back into the computer filing system. The C--X commands are a set of commands which are a little harder to type, because we need to be certain we want to execute them. Remember the "C--X C--C" command? It has the possibility of letting you out of Perfect Writer without having saved the work you've been doing. Therefore it's a little harder to type. The easiest way to remember what the C--X means is to imagine that these specialized commands are part of the "eXtended" command set. The "C--X C--F" command, in order to read a file, must know which file you want to read. When used, it will ask, in the echo line (the last line on the screen), for the name of the file you wish to read into Perfect Writer's buffer: File to Find : Similar things happen with the "C--X C--W" command. In general, we will want to write out the buffer back to the same file we read it in from, but occasionally, we will want to save it in a new file. (This is particularly true of a form letter that we modify slightly for a particular recipient and do not want to change the original.) After you type "C--X C--W", Perfect Writer will ask: File to Write : You can again type in the name of the file into which the text is to be written, followed by a carriage-return. Since writing files back out to the same place they were read from is such a common operation, Perfect Writer allows you to avoid typing the entire file name each time you give the C--X C--W command. Rather than typing out the file name, just type a carriage-return. Perfect Writer will write the buffer out to the computer filing system under whatever name was last used in either a C--X C--F or C--X C--W command. How do you know where it will go without always remembering the file name you last used? Perfect Writer displays that file name in the "mode line". It looks something like: Perfect Writer 1.03 (Fill) main A:-NAME.ME -0%- and the phrase "A:-NAME.ME" says what the default file name will be if we do not specify it. (You may have noticed the "B:" alongside the file name. This is due to the fact that computers, like people, have many filing cabinets. Just as you would tell someone that a file is in the "right-hand" filing cabinet, you must tell the computer in which disk drive to look for or store the file. The computer disk drives you will be using are named "A", "B", etc.) Some files get quite large. Computer files are no exception. Computer users just measure them in thousands of characters rather than in inches of paper. If you had a very large file to look at, you would never fit each page of paper side-by-side on your desk, so that you could see all of them at any instant. Instead, you would probably keep 5 or so pages spread out on your desk, and keep the rest in stacks, occasionally removing or adding a page on a stack. Similarly, many thousands of characters cannot all fit into your computer at once. Therefore, your buffers of text may not be completely residing in memory at once. Perfect Writer has a special file on disk (not related to the other files we've been talking about) which is similar to the stacks of paper you would keep on your desk. As you use each new page (thousand characters) of the text buffer you are editing, Perfect Writer will pull it out of the "stack of pages" by reading it from its special "swap file". If you go back to old pages or add new text to pages, they will generally be in memory, rather than on the stack in the page file. But, occasionally, the computer's memory will fill up, as would your desk if you kept looking at more and more pages. So, occasionally, Perfect Writer must write some of its old pages back to disk in order to make room for new ones. You will know this is happening by the click or buzz at the disk drives. There will also be a message printed at the lower right of the screen" "Swapping..." which means that Perfect Writer is exchanging a page on disk for a page in memory. This message will go away when the swap is complete. This swapping is part of the virtual memory architecture used by Perfect Writer to allow you to edit a document that is larger than your computer's memory. Why do you need to know all this? Well, occasionally you may have to wait for this page swapping to happen. Why? The computer stops listening to the terminal keyboard for a short time when it swaps pages. In particular, when you are just beginning to work on a buffer of text which you read in via a C--X C--F command, pieces of the buffer will be paged in as you need them. This means that C--V's will occasionally take a little longer than usual and produce the "Swapping..." message. Once read in, though, the pages you use most (i.e., modify or go back to) will remain, and "page waits" will be less frequent. If you stop using the keyboard for a little while, Perfect Writer may spend a little time "cleaning up" while you are idle. It will swap out pages you have modified, so that any page swapping which is done while you are actually doing work later will occur a little faster. Don't worry about this too much; when you start typing on the keyboard again, the intermittent house cleaning noises will go away. PRINTING FILES After you have finished preparing a document and saving it using the SAVE FILE Command, you are ready to print it. To print a document you will need to exit the editor (which you are in now) and return to the Main Selection Menu. The Main Selection Menu will present you with several choices: -------------------------------------------------------- E - Edit a file F - Format a file P - Print a formatted file --------------------------------------------------------- You have already learned that selection E allows you to create or edit a document. The selection you want now is F to format a file. When you select this option the menu program asks for the name of the file you wish to format or print. At this point you will simply supply the name of the file you wish to print (be sure to include the disk location of the file; i.e., "b:filename" if the file is on drive B). The menu will then transfer you to the 'Format Selection Menu' and present the following choices: --------------------------------------------------------- C - Send the output to the console device D - Format for a different device type P - Send the output to the printer device O - Name the output file differently V - Make the top level environment Verbatim G - Start formatting now X - Return to the top level of the menu --------------------------------------------------------- Let's examine the various options. The first choice 'C' prints your document to the console. This allows you to see what your finished document will look like before printing it. 'D' allows you to specify the printer you wish to use. If you want to use a printer besides the default simply select this option and supply the printer name. 'P' allows you to print your file. This is the quick print option. The limitation of the quick print option is that it does not support boldface, underline or microspacing. If you are not using these print features, then this option will be all you need. 'O' This option allows you to change the name of your output file. 'V' allows you to print your file exactly as it appeared on the screen (in terms of margins, tabs and spacing). Perfect Writer provides a powerful set of formatting commands that should improve the ease and quality of your documents. When you learn these formatting commands and begin using them, you will not select this option, but will use the default "TEXT" as the usual format environment. The text files on the lessons diskette can be used with the document design lessons in your manual to learn how to use the format commands. 'G' instructs Perfect Writer to begin executing all of the selections (if any) you have made. If you are printing a document with boldface or underline commands in it, then this may be your only selection. In this case, Perfect Writer will format your document and prepare it for printing using the 'Print a formatted file' option from the Main Selection Menu. If you have a simple document file, then you will usually just select option 'P', 'V' and then 'G'. Your document will then be printed. After your document is printed, Perfect Writer will return you to the Main Selection Menu. Don't worry about trying out the commands you have learned in this lesson. In the next lesson, you will get a chance to try out "C--X C--R". If you want, go to lesson4 by entering: C--X C--R and answering "lesson4" when asked, 'File to Read :'. s on the lessons diskette can be used with the document design lessons in you 'P', 'V' and then 'G'. Your document will then be printed. After your document is printed, Perfect Writer will return you to the Main Selection Menu. Don't worry about trying out the commands you have learned in this lesson. In the next lesson, you will get a chance to try out "C--X C--R". If you want, go to lesson4 by entering: C--X C--R and answer Lesson 4: Searching The first command we will learn in this lesson is the "search" command, "C--S". As you will not be able to use the C--V command to advance a screen while learning to use the search command, use the two windown command now to allow you to read and advance in one window while working in another window. Remember, you can move the cursor from one window to another by using the OTHER WINDOW Command, C--X O (letter "o") Enter the two window command: C--X 2 Go to the next window now. Go to the next screen with a C--V. Enlarge the bottow window with the ENLARGE WINDOW Command; ESC 4 C--X ^ Suppose someone has given you a draft for corrections, and somewhere in the middle has marked a phrase to be changed. It's easy to see it on paper, because the place is marked in red ink or the like. Now it is necessary to find that place in the computer memory. Certainly we could scan through the file looking for the marked place using C--V's, but we can more quickly use the computer to search through the file to find the proper place. Try the search command now. Move the cursor to the other window by entering: C--X O (letter O) Then enter the command: C--S When Perfect Writer requests in the bottom line, "Search Forward For :, type "search". You will see it echoed at the bottom of the screen. After you have entered the word or string of words to search for, press the Escape key. This tells Perfect Writer to begin searching. {Press ESC..V to go to the next screen} A forward search begins at the character the cursor is on, continues until the searched-for item is found, and when it is, positions the cursor just after it. So, when you hit the Escape key, you may have seen the cursor jump to one of the occurrences of the word "search" in this lesson. If not, try it again. Enter the command: C--S Type: search Press [Escape] Now, do not type in any character string (word or words) to be searched for; just enter the C--S, and hit the Escape key right after the C--S. Notice the cursor jump to the next occurrence of the word "search". When you do not give the C--S command a new character string to look for, it searches for whatever you told it last time. What happens if there is no character string exactly like the one you type for C--S? Try it and see. Display the next window. Do a search for a misspelled word. That is, do a search for "Control" but end it with "el". If there is no exact match of the word between the cursor and the end of the text, as you see, Perfect Writer will cause the terminal to display the phrase "Not Found"at the right of the echo line. The cursor will then stop at the closest match. As you may have observed from the action of the search command, it is a forward search. In addition, there is a "backward" search as well. It is used to search backwards in the text from the current cursor position. The command is called "Reverse search for [ESC]", and is performed by C--R. All of the features of C--R are identical to C--S, except that, since it searches through the text in reverse, it puts the cursor at the beginning of the closest item that matches the string, rather than after it. Notice that the character string to be searched for is saved and is the same one for both C--R and C--S. So, you may find yourself typing "C--S", a string, and the Escape, and then, if you hear a beep, typing "C--R Escape" because you know the string is in the text somewhere. Before leaving this lesson, experiment with the search command. If you want to continue with the next lesson, then enter: C--X C--F lesson5 Otherwise exit Perfect Writer by typing: C--X C--C and answer yes to the "Abandon Modified Buffers?" question. Do not save your modifications. dition, there is a "backward" search as well. It is us Lesson 5: Copying and Moving Text In this lesson, we are going to learn how to delete whole blocks of text, rather than characters or words, at a time. The command to delete lines is C--C. (C--C stands for "Cancel line".) Move the cursor to the first line of this paragraph with C--P or C--N. Now type a C--C. Whatever was on that line has disappeared. Now type another C--C. The line itself has disappeared, and all the other lines of text have been moved up. Now move the cursor to the first line of this paragraph, and move halfway into the line with C--Fs or ESC..Fs. Again, type a C--C. You will notice that only the part of the line to the right of the cursor was deleted. C--C deletes text, starting with the character which the cursor is resting on, and continuing until it reaches the end of the current line. In order to remove an entire line and its contents, you must type two C--Cs. You will find this command useful for retyping previously existing lines of text, where you want to remove what the line (or the "rest" of the line, starting at the cursor) says, but want to replace it with something else. Typing many C--C's in a row could become burdensome, especially if you intend to delete an entire paragraph or chapter. Instead, Perfect Writer has a command (C--W) to wipe or delete an entire region of text. It is called the WIPE REGION command. In order to wipe clear a region of text, the text must first be marked off. One end of the region which C--W will wipe out is shown by where the cursor is in the text. The other end of the region is given by a "mark", which we will now learn how to set. The command which sets the invisible mark is Escape Space. Move the cursor to the beginning of some line in the middle of this paragraph. Type ESC..Space. Down in the echo line, you should see the message, "Mark Set." Let's wipe clear something bigger than a line. Move the cursor to the beginning of this paragraph, and set the mark there by typing ESC..Space. Now move the cursor to the end of this paragraph, and type a C--W. You shouldn't be able to read this sentence any more! What if we make a mistake, and wipe out a huge block of text unintentionally? There is a command to retrieve the text which was just deleted, C--Y (for "Yank back deleted text"). Do that now: Type a C--Y, and the paragraph we just deleted should appear back where the cursor is now. Now, move the cursor down a few lines, and type C--Y again. Another copy of that text appears at the cursor. Type the C--Y again; the text should be replicated one more time. You've just learned how to copy or move text, all with one command, C--Y! To make a copy of some text, wipe it out (using ESC..Space and C--W) and immediately yank it back with a C--Y in that spot (i.e., without moving the cursor). Then, move the cursor to the spot where you would like the copy to appear, and type another C--Y. If you want to move a block of text rather than copy it, just don't type the C--Y at the original position. See the description of the Copy Region command in the Perfect Writer User's Guide. C--W is not the only command which saves text in case you want to yank it back. C--C, ESC..D, and ESC.. all save text as well. IN GENERAL, IF YOU DELETE ANYTHING LARGER THAN A CHARACTER, PERFECT WRITER WILL SAVE IT FOR YOU in case you want to move or copy it (or undo a mistake!). As an example, move the cursor to the beginning of this paragraph, and type a couple of C--C's. Notice that a "plus" sign has come on at the right edge of the mode line. This means that if you continue to type C--C's, the text deleted will be added on to whatever deleted text is already being stored. So, you can delete a region of text, with either an ESC..Space / C--W or with a series of C--C's (or even ESC..D's or some combination of all of these), and a C--Y will still yank the entire region back. Perfect Writer will only store your "most recent" block of text deletes, however. What determines what is "recent" and what is not? The plus-sign at the right of the mode line. If you are about to delete something larger than a character and the plus is not there, you will be clearing away whatever previous series of deletes you entered. In general, all this amounts to is that, if you give any movement commands or insert anything after deleting some text, you will "close off" the current group of deletes. (You will also see the plus-sign go off.) Any C--Ys you type after this will retrieve that group. Any C--Cs, ESC..Ds, ESC..s, or C--Ws you do after this will clear away that group of deletes and start a brand new one. There is a command to "turn on the plus sign". This is used if you want to move groups of lines from several different places all to one place. Certainly you could do this manually, doing a few C--Cs, moving to the right place, doing a C--Y, going somewhere else, and doing some C--Cs or a C--W, moving back to the right place, doing another Control Y, etc. It would be much easier to do C--Cs or C--Ws in all the various places, and then yank the whole thing back with a single C--Y. But we said earlier that movement away from the place of the text deleting or wiping causes the plus-sign to go off and the current bunch of deletes to be "closed off". The command to turn the plus sign back on is ESC..C--W. (This is your first "ESC..Control" command. Remember that you just type ESC..C--W.) You can remember this command by its close relation with the commands C--W and ESC..W. As ESC..C--W is difficult to think about, there is no substitute for practice. Move to the beginning of this paragraph, and delete the text on the first line, in whatever manner is convenient. Then move to the last line. Notice that the plus in the mode line has gone off. Type an ESC..C--W to turn it on, then delete the text on the last line. Now move into the middle of what's left, and type a C--Y. You will see both the first and last lines appear there at once. Experiment with all these commands for a while. Try doing C--Ws with the cursor both before and after the invisible mark you set, and observe the results. Deleting and yanking text is one of the more complicated features of word processing. However, once you understand it, it's also one of the most useful and convenient features. Take your time and experiment enough to make sure that you understand these commands. When you're all done, type a C--X C--C, and answer "Y" for "yes" when Perfect Writer asks you if you want to abandon the text buffer without saving it. You do not want to alter the file "lesson5" for the next person. We'll learn more about text buffers and additional features available with C--Y and multiple buffers in Lesson 7.  plus in the mode line haone of the most useful and convenient features. Take your time and experiment enough to make sure that you understand these c Lesson 6: Text Processing Commands This lesson introduces commands which operate upon words, sentences, and paragraphs. For this lesson you should have some text to play around with, and it should have a few paragraphs. The text of this lesson is an ideal example. The first three commands we will learn are ESC..U, ESC..L, and ESC..C. All three work on words. ESC..U stands for "Uppercase word". ESC..L stands for "Lowercase word". ESC..C stands for "Capitalize word". Try each of these on some words. For example, if you had the word "Macpherson" and positioned the cursor on the "p", an ESC..C would produce "MacPherson", an ESC..L would leave the word unchanged, and an ESC..U would create "MacPHERSON". The word casing commands would have left the cursor on the space following the word. Another set of useful commands allows you to transpose characters or words. Often typing mistakes result in characters typed in the wrong order, such as "tpye" instead of "type". To correct this, simply place the cursor on the second of the transposed characters, and enter C--T. Try this now on the "tpye" example. You can also correct transposed words with the ESC..T command. Practice this command on" text this". Place the cursor between "text this" and enter ESC..T. The result will be "this text" with the cursor at the end of "text". The next command we will learn deals with sentences. It is ESC..K, the "Delete sentence" command. ESC..K is similar to C--C; it saves what it kills, in case you want to do a C--Y. Also, just as a C--C typed in the middle of a line only kills forward to the end of the line, an ESC..K, if typed in the middle of a sentence, will only kill from that point to the end of the sentence. (If you are in the middle of a sentence and want to kill it all, beginning to end, type ESC..A (beginning of sentence, learned in Lesson 2), then ESC..K.) ESC..K can be fooled by abbreviations because they have periods in them and hence look just like ends of sentences. But better too little deleted than too much. If ESC..K ever stops before you want it to, just type it again, and the "rest" of the sentence will disappear. Try a few ESC..Ks and then a Control Y to restore it all. You may notice that the last ESC..K will not delete the two spaces after sentence punctuation. It truly only deletes from where the cursor is to the next end-of-sentence which follows it. You may have to clean up the extra spaces manually. The rest of the commands we will learn about in this lesson deal with entire paragraphs of text. The two simplest commands are ESC..P and ESC..N. They move to the beginning and end, respectively, of whatever paragraph you are in. (You can remember these commands, because they look very similar to ESC..< and ESC..>, which we learned in Lesson 2.) If you are in between two paragraphs and not really "in" either one, ESC..P will move to the beginning of the preceding paragraph, and ESC..N will move to the end of the following one. Try these a few times, at various places in the text. You may notice the cursor stop in places you didn't think were paragraphs, for example, in the middle of lists or in front of indented examples. So, what makes a paragraph? As far as these and all other Perfect Writer paragraph commands are concerned, a paragraph begins: (1) A blank line. (2) A line started by hitting the TAB key. (3) A line started with a commercial at-sign ("@"). This is for compatibility with Perfect Writers "Document design" commands. Another command for dealing with paragraphs of text is ESC..Q. ESC..Q "fills" entire paragraphs of text, rearranging words and lines so that the right-hand margin is consistent. It allows you to keep the text neat. When modifying a previously existing paragraph, you may add or delete words without worrying about existing margins, because ESC..Q can fix them up when you're done. Try filling a few paragraphs. (To make ESC..Q work on a particular paragraph, position the cursor anywhere in it, then type the ESC..Q.) If ESC..Q doesn't do anything to the text, then the paragraphs are already as well filled as they can be. Try inserting some extra text into a line and doing another ESC..Q. If you notice ESC..Q joining any paragraphs together, this is because they were not separated properly. ESC..Q uses the same paragraphing rules as ESC..P and ESC..N do. If you want to make certain of how much text you are about to fill with ESC..Q, you can check to see where the edges are by typing ESC..P, then ESC..N, then (if you're satisfied that the boundaries are correct) ESC..Q. Of course, no harm is done if ESC..Q joins two groups of text which you desired as separate paragraphs. You can easily position yourself to where you want the new paragraph to occur and insert the proper separator (either a blank line or a leading tab). Then just ESC..Q the second new paragraph. Similarly, to join and refill two paragraphs, merely delete the separator characters, and use ESC..Q. This can be particularly useful for modifying memorandanotice where the new right margin is. If you enter C--X F and repeat with the ESCape repeat command, it will set the fill column to that number. If you do not, it will set the fill column to wherever the cursor is at the time. Another useful command is " C--X . ". (That is, a C--X, followed by a period.) This command sets the paragraph indentation column, and is used to indent an entire paragraph from the left edge of the screen. This command is analogous to setting the left margin on a typewriter, but this margin is used only by the Text-filling commands. Type: ESC.. 10 C--X. and you will see the message "Indent Column = 10" appear in the echo line. Type an ESC..Q, and look at the results. The C--X. command is useful for making narrower paragraphs, perhaps, for example, text or quotes. To make one, make the indent column larger and the fill column smaller, the type the text and fill it with ESC..Q. Then, return the fill and indent columns to their original positions. (The standard settings are usually set by ESC..0 C--X . {period} and ESC.. 65 C--X F.) If you want to continue with the next lesson, select option E from the Main Selection Menu, and enter "lesson7" when asked the name of file to edit. Use the C--X C--C command to exit.  by a period.) This command sets the paragraph indentation column, and is used to indent an entire paragraph from the text and fill it with ESC..Q. Then, return the fill and indent columns to their original positions. (The standard settings are usually set by ESC..0 C--X . {period} and ESC.. 65 C--X F.) If you want to continue with the next lesson, select option E from the Main Selection Menu, and enter "lesson7" when asked the name of file to edit. Use the C--X C--C command t Lesson 7: Multiple Buffers You may remember the word "buffer" from Lesson 3, when we learned how to read and write files from the text buffer. As you recall, we said that the buffer was a place for storing the text while we manipulated it, and that files were copied into it and replaced from it. Perfect Writer has more than one buffer for manipulating text. This can be handy when you are working on several files at once. For example, this training diskette is made up of several lessons, and if we wanted to edit two or three of them, making changes to one based upon the others, it would be nice to be able to read them all into Perfect Writer at the same time. Each file we choose to use could be read into one of Perfect Writer's buffers. Look at the mode line at the bottom of the screen. Notice the portion that says "lesson7: B:LESSON7". In the mode line, "lesson7" is the buffer name. Since we have multiple buffers for storing text, they must be named in some way, just like files or disc drives. Buffer names may be from one to eight characters long. "lesson7" is the one you get automatically when you start Perfect Writer up. Each of these buffers of text also has a filename associated with it. In this case, the filename is "B:LESSON7". We talked about filenames in Lesson 3. There is a command which will list on the screen what buffers of text currently exist. This command is C--X C--B, the "Buffers Directory" command. Try it now. Type: C--X C--B You should see a display at the top of the screen, overwriting whatever text was there before. The text is not gone, just momentarily not displayed; this is an exception to the rule that what you see on the screen is what is in your document. Take a quick look at the display line with the buffer list on it. It has the name, lesson7, a number which tells how many characters are in the buffer of text, and the file name, "B:LESSON7". Type an ESCape C--L now to redisplay the screen. The buffer list has been replaced by the original text again. There is a command to create a new buffer, the C--X B command. It stands for "Switch Buffers", and looks similar to the C--X C--B command, so you can remember them both fairly easily. We want to try this command now, so make notes on the steps to follow, because the screen will go blank. 1. Type: C--X B 2. Perfect Writer will ask you for the name of a buffer to use, by displaying a message in the echo line. Type in the name "other", followed by a carriage-return. 3. Perfect Writer will ask you if you want to create a new text buffer. We do, so type a "Y" to answer yes. Now the screen will be devoid of text. 4. Look at the mode line, and notice that the buffer name is now "other". We moved into a brand new text buffer, which has no characters in it. The filename in the mode line associated with this buffer is called "NAME.ME". This is so that, if you mistakenly type a C--X C--W command to write the file without giving a filename, the text will be stored in a conspicuously named file. 5. Now type a C--X C--B again to see a new list of the text buffers. Notice that the list now shows two buffers. Going to a new text buffer did not delete the old one; it is just waiting for whenever you want to go back to it. 6. Do that now; type: C--X B lesson7 The Lesson 7 text will appear again. Note that C--X B didn't ask you if you wanted to create a new buffer, because one by that name already existed. Type the C--X C--B command again, to list the buffers. Notice that there is an asterisk beside the "other" buffer. This means the same thing as the star on the mode line does: the text buffer hasn't been written out to a file since it has been modified. Now go to another new buffer, called "lesson5". Type: C--X B Perfect Writer responds in the echo line: "Switch to Buffer [CR]: " Enter: lesson5 [CR] (The "Y" is in answer to the question asking if we want to create a new buffer.) Now that you're in the "lesson5" buffer, read in the file containing Lesson 5. Type: C--X C--R B:LESSON5 The text will appear (if you got the file name right) and the mode line will now have a section saying "lesson5: B:LESSON5". Type a C--X C--B again to get a buffer directory listing, if you like. It is usually quite useful to have the buffer name be the same as the first half of the file name which Perfect Writer uses. We just accomplished that by creating a buffer with a name appropriate to the file we were about to read in. But Perfect Writer can do this automatically for us. The command C--X C--F (for "Find File") will read in a file, in the same manner as C--X C--R, but will automatically create a buffer of the appropriate name for it. Try it now. Type: C--X C--F Perfect Writer will respond: "File to Read [CR]:" Enter: B:LESSON4 The mode line will now say "lesson4: B:LESSON4", and the text of Lesson 4 should be on the screen. The C--X C--F Find File command does just a little more than automatically selecting a "nice" buffer name. It will look through all the Perfect Writer buffers you have to see if the file you want to find has already been read into a text buffer before. If so, it just switches to that buffer, rather than creating a new one and reading in the file. This is usually what you want; if you had made changes to a buffer containing a file and then did a Find File, you would want to see the modified version. Try it now. Type: C--X C--F B:LESSON5 Note that this puts you back in the "lesson5" buffer. Try: C--X C--F name.me This puts you into the buffer called "other", with its original file name. So, C--X C--F always does an automatic C--X B command for you, either to a buffer which contains the file name you want, or to a new buffer into which it reads the file. It effectively prevents you from ever having to remember whether of not you had read in a file. Just use C--X C--F all the time. With all these buffers, it would useful to be able to view more than one buffer at a time. Perfect Writer has a split screen feature which allows you to view the contents of two buffers simultaneously. This feature allows you to compare the contents of separate buffers on the same screen. The split screen is created by the "Two Window" command C--X 2. When you enter this command, the screen is divided into 2 parts with a line across the middle. Both windows will contain the same buffer with the cursor in the top window. Give the Two Window command now. Enter: C--X 2 You can switch the cursor from the top window to the bottom window with the Other Window command, C--X O {the letter O stands for Other}. Do that now; go to the Other window on the buffer by entering: C--X O {Enter the letter 'o'.} The cursor has now switched to the other window. The value of the split-screen feature is that it allows you to see two different buffers on the screen at the same time. So let's read a different buffer into this bottom window with the Find File command, C--X C--F. Begin by listing the Buffer Directory. Enter: C--X C--B This provides a directory of current file buffers. Read a different file into the lower window with the Find File command, C--X C--F. Let's read in file buffer "lesson4". Type: C--X C--F B:LESSON4 The "lesson4" buffer is now viewed in the bottom window while the "other" buffer is viewed through the top window. It is possible to switch to the other buffer using the other buffer command, C--X O. Do that now, type: C--X O The cursor is now in the top window where the "other" buffer is viewed. It is possible to scroll through the bottom window, while the cursor is in the top window, with the view Next Screen (Other Window) command, ESC..V. Try this command now, enter: ESC..V The file in the bottom buffer has been moved or scrolled up one screenful (which is now about 10 lines because the size of the screen has been divided). It is also possible to scroll back down a screenful in the other window with the view Previous Screen (Other Window) command, ESC..Z. Use this command to return the bottom screen to its original position, enter: ESC..Z The window on the bottom screen has returned to its original position at the beginning of the file. To return to the One Window display, enter the One Window command, C--X 1. Do that now. Enter: C--X 1 The bottom screen display has been cleared and the full one window screen is used for the current buffer file. Do a C--X C--B to see what text buffers and files you have again. There are certainly a lot of unneeded buffers, so let's get rid of some of those old buffers. The command to do this is C--X K (for "Kill buffer"). Type: C--X K lesson4 This will delete the buffer called "lesson4", which contains the file "lesson4". Be sure to remember the difference between a buffer and file. C--X K and C--X B work with buffer names, while C--X C--F, C--X C--R, and C--X C--W all work with file names. Do a C--X C--B again, and notice that the buffer named "lesson4" is no longer there. Now type: C--X C--B Then type: C--X K other This command is intended to delete the buffer called "other", which just happens to be the one on your screen now. Perfect Writer will not delete a buffer which we are currently working on, and so it asks us which buffer we would like to go to instead. Type "name" followed by a , and Perfect Writer will then switch you back to the "name" buffer (which has the Lesson 7 text in it), and try to delete the "other" buffer. But there is another message at the bottom of the screen: Perfect Writer will ask you if you are sure that you want to kill the buffer, because it has some text (those few characters) in it which has not been written out to (i.e., saved on disk) since the changes were made. (Remember the star in the C--X C--B listing and at the right end of the mode line now?) Answer "Y" for yes, and let Perfect Writer delete the buffer. You can check this out with a C--X C--B listing if you like. What advantages does using several buffers have besides allowing you to look at several files back and forth? It allows you to move or copy text from one buffer to the other as well. In Lesson 5, we used the delete region command (or C--W wiping or ESC..W copying mechanism) to move or copy text from one place to another in a file. This method works on multiple files in separate buffers as well. You can delete text in one buffer, do a C--X B command to another buffer, and Yankback the deleted text in the new buffer. If you are using the split screen feature, then you can delete text in one window, switch to the Other Window, and Yankback the deleted text into the separate buffer in the other window. Let's work through an entire example in detail. This is a chance for us to review some of the many commands that you have learned in Lessons 5, 6, and 7. The task is to take the first paragraph of this text, Lesson 7, and make it the first paragraph of Lesson 5. The buffer which we are now in, "name", contains the file "lesson7". The other buffer, "lesson5", contains the file "lesson5". (1) ESC..< to the beginning of lesson7. (2) C--N down to the first line of the paragraph. (3) ESC..Space or the Mark Set command your computer uses to set the mark at the beginning of the first line. (4) ESC..N to get to the end of the paragraph. (5) C--W to wipe out the paragraph. (6) C--X 2 to create Two Windows. (7) C--X O to switch to Other buffer. (8) C--X B lesson5 to go to buffer "lesson5". Answer Yes to create new buffer and use C--X I to insert B:LESSON5. (9) ESC..< to the beginning of that buffer. (10) C--N down to the line before the start of the first paragraph. (11) C--Y to yank the text back. It should now be the first paragraph of Lesson 5. (12) C--X 1 to see the results. Don't forget that the text is still yankable again; you may want to go back to the other buffer and copy it back in with a C--Y. We have learned some commands in this lesson which you might not use at first. Sooner or later, though, you will be using them regularly. If you get into the habit of using C--X C--F to read in a file initially, you will find it easier to use the multiple buffers later if you need to. Experiment some more with buffers and moving text back and forth among them, using the split screen display. When you exit Perfect Writer with the C--X C--C command, be sure NOT to write out the buffers, so that Lessons 5 and 7 are intact for the next person to use them. This lesson concludes our series on the use of Perfect Writer to edit text files (as well as computer programs). You are now ready to use a very powerful word processor. --Y to yank the text back. It should n@address(Perfect Software, Inc. 1400 Shattuck Ave. Berkeley, CA 94709)  beginning of the secondparagraph, positioning the@style(spacing 2 lines, indent 5 chars) @MajorHeading(EDITME1: Learning the Commands) Probably the best way to learn the Cursor Commands is by remembering that the command character represents in most cases the action that the command is supposed to produce: i.e. "F" for forward, "B" for backward, etc. This is called a 'mnemnonic' relationship. Notice also that the CONTROL key commands and ESCAPE key commands are related, in that in many cases the ESCAPE Commands simply produce the same action only on a larger scale. For example, "CONTROL ----- F" moves the cursor forward one character, while "ESCAPE ----- F" moves the cursor forward one 'word'. This relationship holds true for a great many of Perfect Writer's commands, not just those that move the cursor. It is a design feature of Perfect Writer that will help you learn the commands quickly. As you have probably guessed, you don't have to learn all of the commands right away to begin using Perfect Writer. Learn them as you need them. This takes the pressure out of learning about Perfect Writer. For example, you really only need to know FOUR commands to move the cursor anywhere you want (though it will be slow). Which ones are they? It could happen that you will never learn by heart all the commands Perfect Writer offers. But this is alright, because you really don't need to. Some of them you will probably use only rarely, but they are there if you need them. Have you removed the Command Summary card from your User Manual yet? This card is handy to keep near your keyboard. It provides a very quick reference to all of Perfect Writer's commands. r forward one 'word'. This relationship holds true for a great many of Perfect Writer's commands, not just those tha@style(spacing 2 lines, indent 5 chars) @MajorHeading(EDITME2: Practicing Deletions) Mark Twain gave probably the best advice on writing and editing when he said "When it doubt, strike it out!" Of course, Mark Twain did not have Perfect Writer then to help him delete things. He certainly would be amazed at how quickly and neatly deletions from a text can be made now. No more having to work around lines that have been 'eX'd out'. No more having to write back IN something you have mistakenly scratched over. (Perfect Writer temporarily saves all deletions larger than a single character.) As to the deletion commands, note that the Escape and Control commands share for the most part the same relationship here as they did for moving the cursor. That is, while a Control----D will delete the next character, Escape.....D will delete the next word. Again, you don't have to learn all the commands at once. A few to start will serve you well for a long time. GE@FLUSHLEFT(@Include[CON:])@Style(spacing 2 lines, indent 5 chars) @Subheading(EDITME3.MSS: Practicing Moving Text) This is sentence ONE; it goes after the paragraph. This is sentence TWO; it will get switched. This is sentence THREE; it will stay put. This is sentence FOUR; where does it go? This is the last paragraph, which is going to be placed at the beginning of the text. That will be a trick. Actually, it is simple: Mark the boundaries, 'Wipe' the region, move the cursor, and 'Yank' it back!ser ManualyetPERFECT FILER Perfect Filer is a full feature mailing list and information management system. Form letters and documents prepared with Perfect Writer as well as data files can be managed and prepared by Perfect Filer.  lessons are as follows: @address(Your Address Anytown, Anystate ZIP) @flushleft(Dear [Your Friend's Name]) Surprise! Here's a letter to you in the middle of the day. Actually it's just a practice letter. What I'm doing is testing my new word processor, Perfect Writer. Of course, you know I've had word processors before, but let me tell you, Perfect Writer is different! (Wow! What a difference! Where has this thing been all my life?!) Let me tell you about it: It includes all the standard writing and editing features you might expect on a word processor: a variety of commands that quickly and easily move the cursor; simple procedures for inserting and deleting text; safe and convenient routines for storing the material you've just created. Besides this it offers several really wonderful features I haven't seen before, like: the ability to divide the screen into two separate parts, each of which can hold a different document. Using this 'split-screen' you can edit one letter based upon information in another. You can even transfer sections of text between the two. Or you can use the two screens to compare two different versions of the same text to see which is better. Can you imagine all that?! But there's more. . . . Perfect Writer uses something called 'virtual memory', which means that you don't have to worry any more about how long the document is that you want to create. With Perfect Writer you can produce anything from a ten-line memorandum to a book! As well, cursor commands allow you to instantly view any part of the document you wish, no matter how long it is. It is utterly fantastic. As far as printing goes, Perfect Writer offers two print options. The first is just your basic printer, which will quickly produce on paper whatever you've just created on the screen. However, when you need to get fancy and 'perfect', especially with long documents (Oh, don't you love to type LONG documents over and over again!), Perfect Writer offers a system that literally does the formatting for you. No more having to set tabs, margins, indentions, or to keep track of paging footnotes, index entries--all that stuff! All you do is tell Perfect Writer, using a brief, easily understood command, how you want to format any particular portion of text: as a list, a chapter heading, a footnote, a quotation, an address, an indented 'example'--there are more than 50 formatting options provided. Perfect Writer automaticaly does what needs doing--centers it, boldfaces it, underlines it, indents it, italicizes it, numbers it, single- or double-spaces it--whatever! Any changes you might make later are automatically incorporated--say, if you add another footnote or an extra chapter section. These changes are automatically reflected in the Table of Contents and alphabetized index which Perfect Writer automatically produces. Can you believe all this? I know that this description must make you think that Perfect Writer is something out of the twenty-first century...! But to top it off, Perfect Writer is EASY TO LEARN! The people I got it from (Perfect Software, Inc. of Berkeley, California) claim that it is the most advanced word processing system available, written in the most advanced computer language and modeled after a powerful word processor that until now has only been available on large computers. This scared me at first because I imagined I'd have to go through some awful process of learning a complicated computer language--you know, something like 'Fortran'. But this wasn't the case with Perfect Writer. Even though it has a large and flexible set of commands, they're not difficult to learn. In fact, for what they accomplish, they're a lot more understandable and sensible than most other systems I've seen. Too, the instruction manual that comes with Perfect Writer is READABLE! I can actually understand what they're talking about, and it's completely indexed so that I can find answers quickly if I have a question. (Perfect Writer MUST be easy to learn if in just one morning I've learned to do all this!) Whew! This is some letter. You can see how enthusiastic I am. I guess for the first time in a long time I feel that I'm learning some new and valuable skill--because these computers are here to stay. (As far as I'm concerned they didn't get here a moment too soon!) I could go on, but listen, why don't you drop over and I'll @b(show) you what Perfect Writer will do. I'm sure you'll want to get Perfect Writer working for you too. @address(Yours,)ase with Perfect Writer. Even though it has a large and flexible set of You can see how enthusiastic I am. I guess for the first time in a long time I feel that I'm learning some new and valuable skill--because these computers are here to stay. (As far as I'm concerned they didn't get here a moment too soon!) I could go on, but listen, why don't you drop over and I'll @b(show) you what Perfect Writer will do. I'm sure you'll want to get PePERFECT SPELLER Perfect Speller is an automatic proofreader which checks your text against an equivalent 50,000 word dictionary. After editing a text in Perfect Writer a simple keystroke command and the text is checked against Perfect Speller's dictionary for mismatches. It's as simple as that. jJb"$7KDfile A:DDLES1.MSSreKDfile A:DDLES1.M @b{This is boldface.} @u{This is underscore (type u).} @un{This is underscore (type un).} @ux{This is underscore (type ux).} @i{This is italic.} This is a test of the Perfect Printer super- and sub-scripting commands. Here is a @+{super} and a @-{sub} script. Is there enough vertical space around them? Here is some more text just to be sure we can see what's happening.  @verbatim{The improvement in human knowledge and survival potential following the invention of writing was immense. (There was also an improvement in self-reliance: It is possible to learn at least the basics of an art or a science from a book and not be dependent on the lucky accident that there is a nearby master craftsman to whom we may apprentice ourselves.} When all is said and done, the invention of writing must be viewed not only as a brilliant innovation but as a surpassing good for humanity. I believe the same will be said of those who are today devising computers and programs at the edge of machine intelligence. The next major structural development in human intelligence is likely to be a partnership between intelligent humans and intelligent machines (from The Dragons of Eden by Carl Sagan, pages 224-5). @COMMENT{TEXT1.MSS} -----------------------l is said and done, the invention of writing must be viewed not only as a brilliant innovation but as a surpassing good for hu@PAGEFOOTING() @address(Perfect Software, Inc. 1400 Shattuck Avenue Berkeley, CA 94709) @Flushleft(Robert Hemingway 1234 Main Street Centerville, IL 60601) @Flushleft(Dear Mr. Hemingway:) Thank you for your recent letter and comments about Perfect Writer. We are delighted to receive such comments and, as you can tell, we too are pleased with the performance of Perfect Writer. Your suggestions and comments are very useful. Thanks again for your consideration. @Center(Be sure to see our other software!) @Closing[Cordially, Don Cochran] @COMMENT{TEXT2.MSS} ickly and easily anywhere in the doc Main Street Centerville, IL 60601) @Flushleft(Dear Mr. Hemingway:) Thank you for your recent letter and comments about Perfect Writer. We are delighted to receive such comments and, as you can tell, we too are pleased with the performance of Perfect Writer. Your suggestions and comments are very useful. Thanks again for your consideration. @Center(Be sure to se@PAGEFOOTING() @Include(b:ADDRESS.mss) @Flushleft(Robert Hemingway 1234 Main Street Centerville, IL 60601) @Flushleft(Dear Mr. Hemingway:) Thank you for your recent letter and comments about Perfect Writer. We are delighted to receive such comments, and as you can tell, we too are pleased with the software engineering advances embodied in Perfect Writer. You mentioned an interest in Perfect Speller and our family of related software. Let me briefly tell you about each. @Include(b:SPELLER.mss) @Include(b:FILER.mss) @Center(Again, we appreciate your kind words.) @Closing[Sincerely, Don Cochran] @COMMENT{TEXT3A.MSS} efun. . . ." to a new position as the first sentence of the secondparagraph, just before "The commands are eents, and as you can tell, we too are pleased with the software engineering advances embodied in Perfect Writer. You mentioned an interest in Perfect Speller and our family of related software. Let me briefly tell you about each. @Include(b:SPE@PAGEFOOTING() @Include(b:ADDRESS.mss) @Flushleft[ @Message(Enter full name and address:) @Include(CON:)] @Flushleft[Dear @Message(Enter first name:)@Include(CON:):] Thank you for your recent letter and comments about Perfect Writer. We are delighted to receive such comments and, as you can tell, we too are pleased with the software engineering advances embodied in Perfect Writer. You mention an interest in @Message(What software is client interested in?) @Include(CON:) and our family of related software. Let me briefly tell you about each. @Include(b:SPELLER.mss) @Include(b:FILER.mss) @Center(Be sure to see our software at your local computer store!) @Closing[Cordially, Don Cochran] @COMMENT{TEXT3B.MSS}"The commands are eighted to receive such comments and, as you can tell, we too are pleased with the software engineering advances embodied in Perfect Writer. You mention an interest in @Message(What software is client interested in?) @Include(CON:) and our family o@PAGEFOOTING() @BEGIN(FLUSHLEFT) @STRING(SUM = "Perfect Writer") To: Personal Computer Users From: Perfect Software, Inc. Subject: Features of @VALUE(SUM) @END(FLUSHLEFT) @CENTER(--------------------------------------------------) Perfect Writer has the advanced features you would expect to find in expensive word processors, such as: @BEGIN(ENUMERATE) The full range of @VALUE(SUM) formatting options that allow you to automatically format letters, outlines, form letters, memorandum, articles, books or other types of documents. Full cursor controls that allow you to move quickly and easily anywhere in the document in order to: @ITEMIZE(insert delete search, search and replace, and search and replace with query) @END(ENUMERATE) What makes @VALUE(SUM) unique, however, are the features you won't find in other word processors costing many times its price, such as: @BEGIN(DESCRIPTION) virtual memory@\Allows you to edit a full length novel as easily as you would edit a letter. dual display@\Allows you to divide the screen into two parts, each showing a different document. @END(DESCRIPTION) We hope this very brief description encourages you to take a closer look at all the numerous features of @VALUE(SUM). @COMMENT{TEXT4.MSS}he advanced features you would expect to find in expensive word processors, such as: @BEGIN(ENUMERATE) The full r*K͞+՟ '+FÎrw#w#w^#V#*~#fo^#*~#fo^#V#*n^#*n^#V# ~#fo^#& ~#fo!+!#!+!#!+!+}|z{|}|z7||7zZZ)|/g}/o#|͉k|/g}/o#ɯ2qZZk:q|/g}/o#|/g}/o#:q<2qqDM!xxGyO҃)v|͔`i|)Öxڷz/W{/_ѯzW{_=yOxGæ2qZZ͉M|}ȯ|g}o)|/g}/o#z/W{/_!9~#fo! ! ! ! ! ! !9~#A"s!`*"!">2>2>22Ï#00000000BADjt|͔ ʞ!F#x±~#±!b2r~# "2r+}|~#G:rx"2r+w# +6#!6#2w2x*s!>r<o&F=-` r'~h6!+`W?_!~7z?` :>ª@w#G.¶ww#?*>?w#> w#.7:77!a{   `OE!y6$ -7rBo&))T])))!y`W?_!B. A. Dobynsole inputperipheral? Standard calls are:What is the number of the CP/M BIOS call to access this(in hex): What is the port address of this peripheral's data portseven bits of data? Should the high-order bit of data bytes be masked out, leavingUse CP/M BIOS for status determination? the status at all, answer "yes" to this question.status port. In cases where it is not possible to determinein some case>2͈R!!0!1!X!!!! !O!!!!G!!!͵EBE!!!!!ʹG!.92L|͋Rp!!s"|Ap;"|A͋Rp!!*ͷ|`!E!4!!-!!|ʮ!!!!>!kʹG2L|®͋Rp!!l!m!!!!%!a!!!!!J!!!!@!y!BE!!!!!!  ! ! !( ) !0 1 !8 9 ʹG!<9!J k ?T͆T!!} ä allows you to spot errors more easily.! your printer may support. Working in small steps and testing often ! 9 device first, and then proceed to incorporate other features that !@ Á We recommend that you try setting up your printer as a 'Vanilla'! É ! document TEST.MSS, provided with the Perfect Writer Package.!  and if necessary, 4 and 5. You should then test your work with the! ^ the manuals for Perfect Writer, your computer and your printer)!e æ you should probably do selections 1 thru 3 in order, (consulting! If you are attempting to do this for the first time, then! BE! !  ! !  !  !" # !* + !2 3 !: ; ʹG!,9!!!T o Exit configuration program!2!z Ü Edit character translation tables!*! Edit character width tables!`*! Select Perfect Writer default style parameters!!  Define printer types!!( G Define input/output port usage!N  Perfect Writer Configuration Program Master Menu!F!9|s ! Þ 1.20!*!!*~| !!*| ! Data file write error.E*K!!  !$Exiting pfconfig.ʹG͋RDo you wish to exit and change disks? configuration file on the currently selected disk.The Perfect Format Configuration Program is set up to edit the to configure Perfect Format, it might prove useful to do so now.very handy also. If you have not yet read the manual pages on howA ruler (to measure paper with) and a calculator should proveand the hardware manual for the computer you intend to use.available to you the manual for the printer you intend to use,questions you are about to be confronted with, you should havePerfect Format needs to work. To successfully answer theyou to enter various pieces of system information thatThis is the Perfect Format configuration program. It allowspf.datData file read error.1.20Do you wish to continue anyway?This data file, PF.DAT is the wrong version!type G) to escape from the current section of the program.You can at any time type Control-G (hold down the CTRL key andshould enter the port menu and define the appropriate ports.is ready for characters (CP/M 2.0 and higher can), then yousystem with which it is possible to determine when the printerif you are running a version of CP/M or a compatible operatingIf your printer is not available as the CP/M list device, ordefine a new printer type for your printer. and select yours as the default if it is already defined or to enter the printer menu, list the predefined printers there,'standard' margins. If you have a fancier printer, you may wantthe CP/M list device. With 8 1/2" by 11" paper, and withset up to use a plain, 10 character-per-inch printer viaThe configuration file supplied with Perfect Writer is initially!!!!!! !Q!!!!b!!!0BE!1!2!3!4!5!6!7!8!9!:!;ʹG!49!!!<!!P!!m!!!!!!!!F!9|found in the hardware manuals for your computer and printer.All the information needed for this menu can probably beto an output port.you will also need to define an input port for the printer in additionback to the computer and will need a synchronization protocol, thenyou should specify this information. If your printer sends charactersready to be accepted by the printer (CP/M 2.0 and higher can) thenin CP/M for output. If your BIOS can determine when characters are of ways that this can occur, but by far the simplest is to use the BIOSinformation from Perfect Format to your printer. There are a numberThis Menu is used to help you define how Perfect Printer will getReturn to main menuSelect default printer portsDelete a port definitionUpdate existing port definitionEnter a new port descriptionList currently defined portsPort Definition Menu!9DM!! !!!ʹG|"Ê! !?@`is#r͐S!!ʹGÊ͐`is#r!͝T|ʊ*.}|*-}2.͐!qC!9Name of port to be defined: That port is already defined!9DM!! !!!ʹG|Ê! !?@`is#r͐+!!ʹGÊ `! s#r!! ͐!!!ʹG|am͐͝T+*.}|*-}2.͐!qC!9Name of port to be edited: That port is not defined.Field number to edit (or Control-G): !9DM!! !!!ʹG|{! !?@`is#r͐M!!ʹG{ `oS!!ʹG2L|{>2͐!qC!9Name of port to be deleted: That port is not defined.OK to delete port definition? !9DM!!SʹG*`is#r͐*9͐!+B*}-oS!!u;`i^#Vr+soS!}?T͆ToS!9The currently defined ports are: %s!9DM**!+BoS!!;oS**!+BoS!! ;oSoS*! s#r!`i!!!/ʹG|/f`i!?@! s#r͐`!!]ʹGcf ͐"*! s#r!`i!!!wʹG|ʛ`i!?@! s#r͐!!ʹGx͐"!9The current printer output port is: %sThe current printer input port is: %sWhat is the name of the printer output port: That port is not defined.What is the name of the printer input port: That port is not defined.!!z!!!! !c ! ! !5!!}!!!! "!S"!"BE!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"ʹG!29!!!"!(!"!"&!"!$!"!t#!#!M'!.#!W#!F!9|ʿby physically measuring paper, or by the manual for your printer.All of the questions in this menu can probably be answered eitherprinter types for each one.two sizes of paper you will be using, you will want to define differentshould turn on the correct character size for each one. Or, if you havetypes for this printer, and the initialization and de-init strings four different character pitches, then you should define four printerpitch. For instance if you have a dot matrix printer that can print in that you will use, and also for each different paper size or characterdefine a different 'device' or 'printer type' for each physical printerprinter you will use with Perfect Format and Perfect Printer. You willThis menu is intended to help you define the characteristics of theReturn to main menuSelect the default printer typeDelete a printer definitionUpdate existing printer definitionDefine a new printer typeList the currently defined printer typesPrinter Type Definition Menu!9DM!! !!!W$ʹG|ʡ#N$! !?@`is#r͐#!!w$ʹGN$͐`is#r{2{2{2{2k{2W{2C{2/!b|N$!!!!!k!W!C!/!J!e!W͡>!9͐!qC!9Name of printer to be defined: That printer type is already defined!9DM!! !!!%ʹG|$ò%! !?@`is#r͐$!!%ʹGò%!!!!!k!W!C!/!e!W͍?!9~! s#r!! ͐!!!%ʹG|b%n%͐b,%!!!!!k!W!C!/!J!e!W͡>!9͐!qC!9Name of printer to be edited: That printer type is not defined.Field number to edit (or Control-G): !9DM!! !!!&ʹG|O&&! !?@`is#r͐ڀ&!! 'ʹG&!!!!!k!W!C!/!e!W͍?!9~oS!!+'ʹG2L|&>2/͐!qC!9Name of printer to be deleted: That printer type is not defined.OK to delete printer definition? !9DM!!'ʹG*`is#r͐*Ҭ'͐!+B*/}ʠ'oS!/!';`i^#Vr+sk'oS!'?T͆ToS!9The currently defined printer types are: %s!9DM*M(*!+BoS!/!]);oS*y(*!+BoS!/!);oSoS*! s#r!`i!!!)ʹG|ʪ((`i!?@! s#r͐(!!)ʹG((Ç(͐"*! s#r!`i!!!*ʹG|)M)`i!?@! s#r͐G)!!>*ʹGJ)M)(͐"!9The current default printer is: %sThe current printer type for console output is: %sWhat is the name of the default printer type: That printer type is not defined.What is the name of the printer type for console output: That printer type is not defined.!9DM!!+B`is#r!! ͐!!!*ʹG|ʩ*õ*͐u*>2>2!!qC!9Field number to edit (or Control-G): !!{+!+!+!,,!j,!,BE!,!,!,!,!,!,!,!,ʹG! 9!!!,!/!,!-!,!,!F!9|*width table selection in the printer type definition.is 1/2540 inch. These records are selected by the characterThese numbers should be accurate to the nearest mica. A micaof each character in micas for proportionally spaced devices.There are a few character width tables which give the widthReturn to main menuList current width valuesEnter character width valuesCharacter Width Table Menu!9DM!`i**+!!!d.ʹG|V-[.*͐?!+B!! !!!!y.!.!.!.!+/!c/BE!d/!e/!f/!g/!h/ʹG!"9|-A.!! !͐!!i/ʹG|-A.͐͐>.͐!/;!͐)!ʹG|0.>.! ^#Vr+s-p-*͐?!qC!9Width table to use: Starting character index: normal range is from 32 () to 126 ('~').This range is entered as the ASCII decimal code; theto enter width values, or type Control-G to exit.Please enter the range of characters for which you wishFinal character index: Width of '%c': !9DM!`i**+!!!0ʹG|/ø0*͐?!+B!! !!!!0!1!11!f1!1!1BE!1!1!1!1!1ʹG!"9|C0ø0!! !͐!!1ʹG|n0ø0͐͐ڵ0͐!1;!͐)!IoS! ^#Vr+sn0/!9Width table to use: (0, 1, 2, or 3) Starting character index: normal range is from 32 () to 126 ('~').This range is entered as the ASCII decimal code; theto display width values, or type Control-G to exit.Please enter the range of characters for which you wishFinal character index: Width of '%c': !!2!2! 3!K3!3!3!4BE!4!4! 4! 4! 4! 4! 4!4!4ʹG!$9!!!4!8!$4!4!C4!e4!F!9|2translation tables is selected in the device description record.thimble with a non-standard character arrangement. Use of theselike the NEC Spinwriter, which has a proportionally spaced printdefined character set. This is particularly useful with printerstranslation from the normal ASCII character set into a userThere are a few character translation tables which specify aReturn to main menuList current translation tableEnter character translation tableCharacter Translation Table Menu!9DM!`i**+!!!m6ʹG|4d6*͐!+B!! !!!!6!6!6!7!F7!~7BE!7!7!7!7!7ʹG!"9|+5P6!! !͐!!7ʹG|V5P6!!7!7!7!7!08!k8!8!8BE!8!8!8!8!8ʹG!9͐͐M6͐!8;͆T! s{5556͐#! s#r6͆T! s6͆T|g}o! s6͐͐6M6͐! ns! n&!8;oS! ^#Vr+sÜ54*͐!qC!9Translation table to use: (0 or 1) Starting character index: normal range is from 32 () to 126 ('~').This range is entered as the ASCII code in decimal; theto enter translations, or type Control-G to exit.Please enter the range of characters for which you wishFinal character index: to be set in the character.followed by the desired character will cause the high bitControl-Q will quote the next character typed, typing ESCAPEoutput. Typing Control-G will abort further entry, typingyou would like the current character translated to whenTranslation table entries are made by typing the characterTranslate '%c' to: '%c'.!9DM!`i**+!!!:ʹG|89 :*͐!+B!! !!!!?:!Z:!:!:!:!8;BE!9;!:;!;;!<;!=;ʹG!"9|ʣ9 :!! !͐!!>;ʹG|9 :͐͐ :͐n&͐!V;;oS! ^#Vr+s9L9!9Translation table to display: (0 or 1) Starting character index: normal range is from 32 () to 126 ('~').This range is entered as the ASCII code in decimal; thedisplay character translations, or type Control-G to exit.Please enter the range of characters for which you wish toFinal character index: Translating '%c' to '%c'.!9DM!!BE!>!>! >!!>!">!#>!$>!%>!&>!'>!(>!)>ʹG!*92L|;!N`is#rzE͐E͐K!{>v!s`is#rzE͐!9Not enough room for strings.!9DM! `is#r͐~#fo|6@͐ n&e! s#r͐~#fo! s#r͐ #n! s#6͐@! ^#Vr+s! ^#Vr+sns! ^#Vr+s?͐6! ^#Vr+s`i^#Vr+sß?!9!9DM͐ >W@>r@>c@>ʉ@>o@>ʠ@÷@*`is#r*! s#r@*`is#r*! s#r@*`is#r*! s#r@!AE!A!͐*~|@!AE>2! w#w͐͐WA!!*ͷ|!A!BE!͐ D|7AWA*}KA͐! s#r`i^#Vr+s@͐͐ڂA͐ !*͐`is#r͐ >’A>ʭA>žA>A>ªA>AA!!!-AA!!/!-A͐A!9Invalid record type.Data file seek error.Data file read error.!9DM!͐*~|cB!!*ͷ+|kB!ECE͐>{B>ʺB>‡B>B>“B>B>ŸB>B>«B>B>·B>.CCC!_!!-!!!-CCCC!!/!-CC!!!-!!/*ͷ+|+C![CECC!!!-CCData file read error.Data file read error.!9DM͐>‰C>C>•C>C>¡C>C>­C>C>¹C> D>C>D4D!_!!-4D!!!-4D4D!!!/-4D!!!-4D!!!-4D!͐*~|cD!!*|kD!DE͐—D!!/*|D!DEData file write error.Data file write error.!9DM͐n&M͐n&MD!! ^#Vr+s! ^#Vr+sn}D!!9DMoS͐!8E;oSError: %s!RE9!xEWritten & directed by Barry A. DobynsPerfect Format Configuration (C) 1982 Perfect Software, Inc.!E!*!E!a!E!a! F!a!Version 1.20 created on 3-14-83!9DM! 6#6:͐@F! ^#Vr+s%F! w#woSoSoSoS!2 `is#r͐~#fo•F`i^#Vr+s`i^#Vr+s~#fo?ToS^F͐~#fo|G͐G`i^#Vr+s~#fo͐#!pG;oS! ^#Vr+s)! `i^#Vr+s~#fos#rÕF!zG?T! ͐!fM}_G͐+)! ~#fo|_G͐+)! ~#fo!VG!9~#fo!&gG!&gG!.9 %2d - %sEnter the number of your selection, followed by a CR --> !9DM! `is#r͐~#fo|ʯI͐~#fo>G>&H>G>JH>G>nH> H>ʜH>H>H>#H>RIÏI`i^#Vr+s~#foZL|GH!&÷IâI`i^#Vr+s~#foL|kH!&÷IâI`i^#Vr+s~#fo!!fM}ʙH!&÷IâI`i^#Vr+s͐####~#fo͐##~#fo͐~#fofM}H!&÷I`i~#fo####s#râI`i^#Vr+s! ͐##~#fo͐~#fofM}#I!&÷I`i~#fo####s#r͐~#fo! s#r͐͐sâI`i^#Vr+s͐~#fo͐##~#fo&N|ʂI!&÷I`i^#Vr+sâIoS͐~#fo?TâI`i^#Vr+sG!&÷I!9!9DM! 6! w#w! `is#r͐~#fo|K͐~#fo>J>XJ> J>rJ>J>ʌJ>%J>J>1J>J>=J>,K>IJ>^K>UJ>ʏKìK`i^#Vr+s~#fo! s#rKoS`i^#Vr+s~#fo?TK! 6`i^#Vr+s~#fo! s#r͐n}ʾJ! L?TJ! L?TK! 6`i^#Vr+s~#fo! s#r͐n&!L;K! 6`i^#Vr+s~#fo! s#r͐~#fo!L;K! 6`i^#Vr+s~#fo! s#r͐~#fo!L;K! 6`i^#Vr+s~#fo! s#r͐n&! L;K! 6`i^#Vr+s~#fo?TKoS! n}K! ^#Vr+s!#L;! 6K!+L?T͐~#fo?T`i^#Vr+sI͐L! 9YesNo%xH%u micas%d%d %2d - !9DM`iZL|IL:L`in&QL!9!9DM͆T`is`in&{`is`in}ʍLYʓLNʪLL!L!L?ToS͐6!L!L?ToS͐6!LoS!L?TLbL!9YesNoEnter 'Y' or 'N' --> !9DM!`i&N|M!&GM`iQ| !9DM! `i&N|ʇM!&M`i(R|ʤM͐`i.Ps#r`i(R|M͐~#fo͐M͐~#fo͐M!&M͐͐!N;nM! 9Enter a number between %u and %u --> !9DM͕T`is#r͐[PMN![ 6P#6! !S s#r͆T!R s{ LO͐S! ͐[+N!R n}N!R n}N!R n}N͐S! ͐uO!S s#r4T!R n}NNNO%OoS!&lO͐S! O͐S! ͐uO!S s#rIO͆T!R s!R n&͎R!S ^#Vr+s!R nsIOYN͐S6! ͐Y*oS!&lO!U9!9DM͐`is#r͐͐ +O`i~#fo! ^#Vr+sn&͈͐Ss#rÇO͕T͐`is#r͐P!kT! kT!kT*+"`i^#Vr+sO! ^#Vr+s6͐ %P!9!9DM`iw#w͐n}ʡP͐n&0fP͐n&9uP!PE͐èP͐ k͐nѯg`is#r! ^#Vr+sT>>U>T>|U> U>V>U>FV>#U>ʄV>/U>W>;U>DW~W!!(!!W!W!W!.X!eX!XʹG!9|yU!&ÒW~W*(}U!!)!@!!!X!X!$Y!?Y!ZY!oY!Y!Y!YʹG!9|U!&ÒWU!!)!!Y!YʹG|U!&ÒW~W!! !!4Z!IZʹG|,V!&ÒW! n}Vb>mc>bb>ʙc>nb>c>zb>d>†b>/d>’b>ed>žb>ʛd>ªb>d> ¶b>9e> b>ʗe> b>e> b>3f> b>f>b>kg>b>h> c>pi>c>>k>"c>l>.c>ʫm>:c>n>Fc>ʢp>Rc>mr>^c>r>jc>ʻtCu!!?!!`u!uʹG|ʖc!&WuCu!!A!!u!uʹG|c!&WuCu!!I!!%v!6v!ev!v!v!&wʹG!9|d!&WuCu!!K!!ew!wʹG|,d!&WuCu!!C!!w!w!%x!]xʹG!9|bd!&WuCu!!E!!x!x!x!yʹG!9|ʘd!&WuCu!!G!!Ly!yʹG|d!&Wu*G}d`i~#fo#s#rd͐͐#d! ^#Vr+sCu!!H!!!!y!y!z!KzʹG!9|6e!&WuCu!!M!!z!z!z!{!Q{!{ʹG!9|te!&Wu*M}ʋe͐! s#rÔe! 6#6Cu!!O!!{!{!|!Z|!|!|!}ʹG!9|e!&WuCu!!N!!!!W}!{}!}!}!}!}!}!~!K~!Y~!~ʹG! 9|0f!&WuCu!!Q!!Efhfcharacter (Control-H, 8 decimal)? !ofçfDoes the printer backspace when sent an ASCII backspaceʹG|ʽf!&WuCu!!R!!fgwhen sent an ASCII carriage return (Control-M, 13 decimal)? !gRgDoes the printer do a carriage return with no paper advanceʹG|hg!&WuCu!!S!!}gùgpage when sent an ASCII form feed (Control-L, 12 decimal)? !ggDoes the printer advance the paper to the top of the nextʹG|h!&WuCu!!T!!!!-hHhSynchronization protocol: !Oh~h 3 - X-ON/X-OFF (e.g., Diablo 1640, 1650, 630)!hìh 2 - ETX/ACK (e.g., Diablo 1610, 1620)!hýh 1 - None!hhprotocols:!hinot to miss characters. Perfect Print supports the following!iUiSome printers require a synchronization protocol in orderʹG!9|mi!&WuCu!!U!!iæiUse a character translation table? !iimay be used to produce apropriate output.!ijother characters. In these cases a character translation table!%jfjset; or, you may prefer to have some special characters print as!mjìjprint thimbles, require a special translation of the character!jjSome printers, such as the NEC Spinwriter with proportionalʹG!9|k!&Wu*U}k`i~#fo#s#r;k͐͐#;k! ^#Vr+sCu!!V**+!!!bkËkWhich translation table should be used: !kkWriter manual to determine if any of them may be of use to you.!klSome of them come predfined, and you should consult the Perfect! l9loption on the main menu.!@lÀldefined and printed using the Edit Character Translation Tables!llThere are several translation tables available. They may beʹG!9|l!&WuCu!!/!!!l mInitialization string: !mQmvarious modes, fonts, character pitch, etc. before printing.!XmÐmThe initialization string is sent to the printer to setʹG!9|ʨm!&WuCu!!C!!!mmReset string: !mnend-of-printing functions (e.g., extra paper feeding).!nRninitialization string turned on, or to perform other desired!YnÍnto turn off the various modes, fonts, etc. that the!nnThe reset string is sent to the printer at the end of printing,ʹG!9|n!&WuCu!!W!!!ooNew line string: !o*oReturn key.!1opoalone. To enter a Carriage Return, type a Control-Q, then the!woôoperform this function on just a Carriage Return or Line Feed!ooof an ASCII Carriage Return - Line Feed pair, but some printers!pApreturn and a single line feed. Typically this string consists!HpÇpThe new line string is sent to the printer to cause a carriageʹG!9|ʟp!&WuCu!!k!!!ppBoldface-on string: !p qjust type Return to use double-printing for boldface.!qNqthen enter the character string that turns it on; otherwise,!UqÓqof characters, and that you wish to use for text in boldface,!qqon and off in the middle of a line, does not affect the widths!qrIf your printer has a special mode or font that can be turnedʹG!9|6r!&Wu*k}Nr`i~#fo#s#rjr͐͐#jr! ^#Vr+sCu!!!!!rÙrBoldface-off string: !rrEnter the character string that turns off the boldface mode.ʹG|r!&WuCu!!!!! s!sItalics-on string: !(sYsjust type Return to use underlining for italics.!`sÝsthen enter the character string that turns it on; otherwise,!ssof characters, and that you wish to use for text in italics,!s'ton and off in the middle of a line, does not affect the widths!.tltIf your printer has a special mode or font that can be turnedʹG!9|ʄt!&Wu*}œt`i~#fo#s#røt͐͐#Ҹt! ^#Vr+sCu!!!!!ttItalics-off string: !t)uEnter the character string that turns off the italics mode.ʹG|@u!&WuCu`i^#Vr+s6b!&Wu!98 1/2 inches = 21590 micas> Width in micas: What is the width of the paper <1 inch = 2540 micas;11 inches = 27940 micas> Height in micas: What is the height of the paper <1 inch = 2540 micas;Width in micas: 254; 12 chars/inch: 212; 16.5 chars/inch: 154>characters. Capital 'O' is a good one to use.) <10 chars/inch:the width Perfect Format will use when distances are specified inthe width of any character; on a proportionally-spaced device,What is the standard character width (on a fixed-width device,8 lines/inch: 317> Height in micas: What is the height of a single-spaced line <6 lines/inch: 423;microspacing: 21> Width in micas: 12 pitch: 212 micas; 16.5 pitch: 154 micas; 1/120 inch(i.e., the horizontal resolution) <10 pitch: 254 micas;What is the smallest horizontal movement the printer can makeHeight in micas: 8 lines/inch: 317; 1/48 inch microfeeding: 53>(i.e., the vertical resolution) <6 lines/inch: 423;What is the smallest vertical movement the printer can makeprintwheel that you intend to use for this device? Does your printer have a proportionally spaced font orbe used for this device: option 5 in the main menu. Which character width table shouldThese tables are numbered 0 through 4 and are entered withPerfect Format requires a table giving the width of each character.Generate online-readable output? cannot be used by any other program.and microspace justificatin, but the special intermediate filerequired for underlining, boldface, super- and sub-scripts,in a special intermediate format for Perfect Print. The latter isPerfect Format can produce either online-readable files, or filesmicas): Enter 0 to disable this feature. Paper advance distance (inthe perforations with a page cutter or other reference point.this distance when printing starts. This can be used to alignprinting a file. It also assumes the paper has been advancedpaper a specified amount past the last page boundary afterFor convenience in tearing off output, Perfect Print can advance theEnter the number for your printer: 8 - Centronics 737 5 - NEC Spinwriter 5510, 5520 4 - IDS 460 Paper Tiger 3 - Epson MX-80 NEC Spinwriter 5515, 5525 2 - Diablo 1610, 1620, 1640, 1650, 630 1 - Plain non-fractional movement printersprinters are:it to do fractional line and character movement. The supportedPerfect Print has special knowledge about certain printers to enable!9DM!!G!!_!E!!!C!!!K!!Á!I!!!A!!!?!!I!,9`is#r*G}ʁ!!H!!͐!I`is#rÊ`i^#Vr+s!!M!!B͐!I`is#r*M}͐V!!U!!d!T!!!S!!!R!!҂!Q!! !N!!+!O!!B͐!I!09`is#r*U}e!!V!!Y͐!I`is#rn`i^#Vr+s!!k!!t!W!!!C!!!/!!͐!I!9`is#r*k}!!!!ƒ͐!I`is#r`i^#Vr+s!!!!؃͐!I`is#r*}O!!!!͐!I`is#r͐V!9Proportionally-spaced font/printwheel? Smallest vertical movement: Smallest horizontal movement: Height of a single-spaced line: Standard character width: Paper height: Paper width: Number of the character width table: Generate online-readable output? Translate characters on output? Type of synchronization protocol: Use Form Feed (Control-L) for form feed? Use Carriage Return (Control-M) for bare carriage return? Use Control-H for backspace? Special printer code: Initial paper offset: Translation table to use: Boldface on string: New line string: Reset string: Initialization string: Boldface off string: Italics on string: Italics off string: !9DM͐#|&`i6#6! 6#67͐! s#r`is#r͐͐o͐>W>&>c>W>o>ʈ>{>ʹ>‡>>“>>Ÿ>L>«>ʆ> ·>ʲ> Ä>ކ> τ>o> ۄ>ʮ> >>>%>>_> >ʙ>>>#>ʗc!!!!!!ӊʹG|T!&wc!!!!!*!iʹG|ʅ!&wc!! !!!!ʹG|ʶ!&wc!! !!8!P!ʹG|!&wc!!!!ʌ!!$ʹG|!&wc!!!!c!|!ʹG|I!&wc!!!2!!!!! ʹG!9|ʃ!&wc!!!!]!ʹG|ʯ!&wc!!!!!ʹG|ۆ!&wc!!!!!!*!8![!!ُ!!UʹG!9|%!&w! 6#6͐  l͐ )͐ +)~#fo*s#r! ^#Vr+s.c!! !!ʹG|ʔ!&w! n}ʤ!bç!l}2c!! !!!!!!;ʹG!9|!&w! n&M}2c!!!!{!ʹG|"!&wc!!!!!!'!f!ʹG!9|\!&wc!!!!ߒ!!,!i!ʹG!9|ʖ!&wc!!!!!How much vertical space would you like above each enviromentʹG|!&wc!!!!:<1/6 inch: 423>? Height in micas: !A~How much vertical space would you like below each enviromentʹG|ʔ!&wc!!!'!!!ωAmount of endspace in bytes: !։ table of contents and index information <1000 bytes>.!KThe endspace is the area reserved for storing endnotes,ʹG!9|c!&w`i^#Vr+s7!&w!9Top margin in micas: the page heading <1/2 inch: 1270 micas, 1 inch: 2540 micas>?How much space would you like between the top of the page andBottom margin in micas: bottom of the page <1/2 inch: 1270 micas, 1 inch: 2540 micas>?How much space would you like between the page footing and theLeft margin in micas: and the text <1/2 inch: 1270 micas, 1 inch: 2540 micas>?How much space would you like between the left edge of the pageRight margin in micas: edge of the page <1/2 inch: 1270 micas, 1 inch: 2540 micas>?How much space would you like between the text and the rightHeading space in micas: beginning of the text <1/2 inch: 1270 micas, 1 inch: 2540 micas>How much space would you like between the page heading and theFooting space in micas: and the page footing <1/2 inch: 1270 micas, 1 inch: 2540 micas>How much space would you like between the bottom of the textLine spacing in tenths: spacing: 20>?What is the default line spacing ? Spacing in micas: How much additional space would you like between paragraphs<1/5 inch: 508 micas>? Indentation in micas: How much should the first line of each paragraph be indentedTab spacing: use in Perfect Writer. most of the time then you should set this to the same value yourun Perfect Format with Verbatim as the top level environmentsuch as Verbatim, that preserve whitespace. If you choose to Tab characters are only relevant within certain environments,Tab stops are initially set at multiples of the tab spacing.Do you want justification (even right margin)? Type of foot notes (Bottom, End, Inline): of reference).the end of the document, or inline (parenthesized at the pointThe @foot command can place notes at the bottom of the page, atUse superscripts for footnote numbers? Footnote references can be printed as superscripts or bracketed.Allow extra vertical space? on devices that cannot half-linefeed.extra space can be visually distracting. Space is always leftcan run together unless extra space is left. However, suchSubscripts from one line and superscripts from the next lineUse four level sectioning? of sectioning starting with the chapter command.the section command while the full form provides four levelssimple form provides three levels of sectioning starting withThere are two styles of sectioning commands available. The<1/6 inch: 423>? Height in micas: !9DM*}b͝! s*}i3bDeUf!l! *f!s! *f!z! *f!!!!~!!!!!!ו!!!!!!)!!!\! !!! !!!!!!!!̖!!!!!!!!!1!!!\! !!! !!!!!!!!!Η!I!r9`is#r͐c! 9InlineBottomEndAmount of space to reserve for end data: Vertical space to leave below an environment: Vertical space to leave above an environment: Allow full four level sectioning? Allow extra vertical space for super/sub scripts? Use superscripts for footnote numbers? Type of foot notes: Justify right margin? Tab spacing in characters: Amount to indent first line of paragraphs: Space between paragraphs: Line spacing (in 1/10 line): Space between bottom of text and footing: Space between heading and top of text: Right margin: Left margin: Bottom of page margin: Top of page margin: Perfect Format default style parameters x# !$!}!} ß I#@} A\[\ o& 믾w#oß aڊ{Ҋ o& 0ڲ:Ҳøxʯ~ʯ#ß!}!}!y9DM! `i`iC!9!h9DM! ^#Vr+s~#fo! s#r͐! s#r! ^#Vr+sn`is{4`in}%! ! s#r! 6#6! s! s! s͐n}-s! ^#Vr+s! 4͐n}0ƒ! 4͐n&͏}ʠ! ã!! s#r! ^#Vr+sn`is{.! ! s#r! 4! ^#Vr+sn`is`in&{}DUSX\OeCʫSܚ͐~#fo|S! ^#Vr+s6-͐͐~#fos#r! ^#Vr+s! 6 k! 6k! 6! ~#fo! n&! ^#Vr+s~#fo! oѯgs#rT! ^#Vr+s! ^#Vr+s~#fos! ^#Vr+sT! n}! 6#6! ^#Vr+s~#fo! s#r͐n}T͐|T! ^#Vr+s! ^#Vr+sns! ^#Vr+s! ^#Vr+s ͐6! ! s#r! n}«! ^#Vr+s!ҫ! ^#Vr+s! n}ʢ!0å! sp͐! ^#Vr+sns{ԛ! ^#Vr+së! n}! ^#Vr+s!! ^#Vr+s6 ޛ! ^#Vr+s`ins1! ^#Vr+s`ins͐6!9!9DM͐n}m! ^#Vr+sn&rRK!9DM͐͐ ҿ͐^#Vr+s͐ Ҭ͐0ô͐7s!& ͐ ͐͐ ͉͐o`is͐ ͐͐ )͐o`in&#& !9!9DM`iw#w͐~#fon&͏}`͐ ?͐^#Vr+snѯg`is#r!͐g!9 7,2q*&:q):ʯ=ʯ=r:qo&7:)~:,"s!"u*| **s! ~ 6*u*+"*"*u#"uٝ7*|DM**x\>Goyӟ$͐ڊW͐>T>>U>T>|U>O =f1.20l!$r!^_q A,J#<KFKK1<)K:KKJKK)KKKKK)L?<\=wLu>LLMbMOMNvO?vOJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ!NvOvOvOvOvOvOvO:KvOvO&AO@vOvO@vOvO PvOvOvOvOPvOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOJvOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOAAAAAAAAAAvOvOPvO%PEvO3PYPvPPPPvOPvO@ QmQvORgAjR}?QQES$R]URvOvO]vORvOvOvOvO3PYPvPPPPvOPvO@ QmQvORgAjR}?QQES$R]URvOvO]vOvOvOvO$SvOvOSTvOvOU:KvOsUvOvOvOUvOvOvOvOUVvOvO]2WWvO]vOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOEvOvOvOWvOvO\\vOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOBXBEvOvOYvOvOvO8[vOvOAvOYvOx[vO)]vOvOB^vOvOvOvOvOvOvOvO^vO&^vOvOvOYvOvOvO8[vOvOAvOYvOx[vO)]vOvOB^vOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOkill line (may be C-C on Kaypro)[ ] [ ] Cd dense files. Try both large and small files. Find maximum file size that sum will accept. Comments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. LOGICAL FUNCTIONSUse file "FCTNTST.PC" to test these.a. [ ] [ ] and(x,y) test withh varying zero and non-zero entries.b. [ ] [ ] or(x,y) test same as "and"c. [ ] [ ] if(x,y,z) test with different arguements and actions.d. [ ] [ ] not(x)Comments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS x must be in radians. these functionsare cyclic, with 0<= x <= 2pi (pi=3.1415927)a. [ ] [ ] atan(x) b. [ ] [ ] cos(x) c. [ ] [ ] sin(x) expected values x | sin(x) | cos(x) | atan(x)------------------------------------------------------------------------------new line indent rest of line same as this []=====================================================[] [] LEARNING TO USE YOUR KAYPRO CP/M OPERATING SYSTEM [] []=====================================================[] Welcome to your Kaypro II computer. This lesson willintroduce you to the CP/M operating system which controls theKaypro II. This is essential information which you should taketime to acquaint yourself with. When you have finished,you should proceed to the first lesson dealing with PerfectWriter. The first thing you must know is how to 'scroll' throughthese instructions. The command that allows you to scroll thenext screen of this text into view is the VIEW NEXT SCREENCommand: Control--V Execute this command by depressing the 'Control' Key andtyping the lower case letter 'v'. Use this command to go to the next screen. A second command, the VIEW PREVIOUS SCREEN Command, allows you to scroll the screen backwards, bringingprevious material into view: Control--Z iew: Control--Z Execute this command by holding the Control Key andtyping the lowercase letter 'z'. Take a few minutes to practicescrolling the screen forwards and backwards, finally returning tothis point. WHAT IS AN 'OPERATING SYSTEM'? By itself your Kaypro II computer knows how to do verylittle. In fact, when you turn on the power, it can do littlemore than display a message asking you to insert a diskette. Thediskette, of course, contains the 'software' program that allowsthe computer to perform a wide variety of sophisticatedoperations, from word processing to spreadsheet calculating torecords management. However, even before your Kaypro II can 'run' suchsoftware programs, it must know how to perform other, morefundamental operations, such as partitioning its internal memory, creating and managing files on a diskette, outputting informationto a printer or a modem, and much more. This is accomplished bya separate program called 'Control Program for Microprocessors', or Microprocessors', otherwise known as 'CP/M' or 'CP/M Disk Operating System'. .................................................................In a nutshell --> CP/M lets you 'operate' your KayPro II computer.................................................................. WHAT DOES CP/M LOOK LIKE? The CP/M disk operating system comes on a diskette usually labeled 'CP/M Operating System' or 'CP/MUtilities'. This diskette may contain additional program filesthat have been supplied with the Kaypro II (e.g. S-BASIC), butthese need not concern us now. To use your CP/M put the CP/M system diskette in diskdrive A (the main disk drive), whereupon CP/M will identifyitself to you by displaying: " A> "on the screen. This symbol is a command prompt which indicatesthat you have turned on CP/M and are 'logged' onto drive "A". The logged drive contains the diskette you will automatically getinformation from or write information to. To switch from drive A on to. To switch from drive A to drive B you would type the following: A>b: The screen would then display: B>To get back to drive A enter: B>a: NOTE: means type a carriage return after typing thecommand. It is possible while logged into one drive to referencefiles held on the other drive. For example, the command: B>a:menu indicates that you are logged into drive 'B', but are calling upthe Perfect Software 'Menu' located on drive 'A'.----------------------------------------------------------------------...................................................................... NAMING FILES When working with your Kaypro II, you will be creatingand manipulating 'files'. 'Files' are nothing more thandocuments that have been stored on your diskette. Each 'file'possesses its own 'filename', which identifies it to the CP/Moperating system. A file cannot have just 'any' name. CP/M requires that st 'any' name. CP/M requires that they follow a particular form. Specifically, filenames cannot belonger than eight (8) characters (though they may be as shortas one (1) character), and they MAY NOT contain blank spaces or any of the following: > < . , ; : = ? * _ [ ] Some filenames will require an 'extension', whichspecifies the file 'type'. For example, all files created withPerfect Writer (that you will want to format and print) requirethe extension ".mss", which stands for 'manuscript source'. Be sure to choose a filename that will help you recallthe file's contents. Some sample filenames might be: chapter7.mss mydiary.mss running.mss private!.mss Note that the filename extension is not included in the 8character limitation for filenames. DISK DRIVE DESIGNATIONS When specifying filenames, it is always important toindicate the disk 'drive' on which the file is located. Whenworking with the Kaypro II, your program diskette (e.g. PerfectWriter, Perfect Calc, etc.) will normally be on drive 'A' and the ally be on drive 'A' and the diskette holding the files you create on drive 'B'. Specifyfiles on drive B in the following manner: b:chapter7.mss b:mydiary.mss b:running.mss b:private!.mss The "b:", which IMMEDIATELY precedes the filename,indicates that the file is located on drive 'B'. If nodrive is specified, CP/M will assume that the file is located onthe drive to which the computer is currently 'logged'--normallydrive 'A'. Note that the letter indicating the disk drive isimmediately followed by a colon and need not be capitalized. WHAT CAN YOU DO WITH CP/M? There are several CP/M commands which you will be likelyto use with your KayPro II. These fall into two categories: 1)'system' commands which are available to you whenever eithersystem prompt "A>" or "B>" is displayed on the screen; and 2)'utilities', separate CP/M program files, which, to be used,must be present on the disk drive currently logged. The "system" commands we will discuss in this lesson are: iscuss in this lesson are: ................................................................._________________________________________________________________. .. DIR Provides a DIRectory of files on a diskette. .. TYPE TYPEs (displays) a document file to the screen. .. ERA ERAses a specified file. .. REN RENames a specified file. .................................................................. The "utility" programs we will present are:__________________________________________________________________________STAT Provides STATistics on the space available on a diskette. .PIP Lets you copy files from one diskette to another. .COPY Lets you COPY and FORMAT a diskette. .SYSGEN Copies the CP/M "system" to a diskette {SYStemGENerator}INITDISK Formats a diskette for a computer other than the Kaypro II. . e Kaypro II. . SETDISK Allows the Kaypro II to read a diskette formatted for . a different computer. ........................................................................... Note: On your CP/M diskette all of these utility files areshown bearing the suffix ".com", indicating that they are'COMmand' files. When specifying one of these files, you shouldOMIT the '.COM' suffix. For example, if you want to know howmuch space is available on the diskette in drive B, type: A>stat b: NOT A>stat.com b: The 'SYSTEM' COMMANDS................................................................._________________________________________________________________ DIR (DIRectory) What's on a diskette? To find out what files are on adiskette use the DIR command. Enter: A>dir This command tells your Kaypro II to display the names of allfiles located on the diskette in drive A. If the Perfect Writer n drive A. If the Perfect Writer diskette were on drive A, the directory on your screen would looklike this:A>dir A: PW SWP : MENU COM : PW COM : PF COMA: PP COM : PF DAT : PW HLPNOTE: The period which normally separates the filename from itsextension has been omitted from the entries in the directory. Thus, when viewing a directory, you should mentally reconstructit as follows:A>dir PW.SWP MENU.COM PW.COM PF.COM PP.COM PF.DAT PW.HLP To display the files on the diskette in drive B, you would enterthe command: A>dir b: If your file diskette, the one on which you had beenwriting files, were on drive B, the directory might look like this:A>dir b: B:CHAPTER7 MSS : RUNNING MSS : PRIVATE! MSS B:MYDIARY MSS If you want to have the directory printed, use thecommand form: A>dir b: Control--P 'Control--P' tells CP/M to direct all computer output tothe printer, including whatever is displayed on the screen. (The ever is displayed on the screen. (The directory will be both printed and displayed on the screen.) Toturn this option 'off', type 'Control--P' a second time..................................................................-----------------------------------------------------------------EXECUTE PROGRAM To run another software program under CP/M you need onlytype the filename of the program's command file (Remember: doNOT type the ".COM" extension.) For example, to run PerfectCalc, whose command file is 'PC.COM', you would enter: A>pc CP/M will load Perfect Calc into memory, presentingyou with a blank spreadsheet ready to begin entering data. When executing a command program, CP/M surrenders systemcontrol to that program. Thus, the regular CP/M commands (i.e.those which you are learning in this lesson) will no longer work,until you have quit the particular program and the CP/M prompt'A>' is again being displayed.................................................................. ....................... -----------------------------------------------------------------REN (Rename) REN provides a quick and easy way of changing the name ofa file. For example, the command: A>ren newname.mss=oldname.mss ^ ^ replacement name to be replacedcauses the file 'oldname.mss', located on drive 'A', to berenamed as 'newname.mss'. Note that the old (or original) filename is placed to the RIGHT of the equal sign, and the new filename is placed to the LEFT. Following a name change, only thenew (or replacement) file name will appear on the disk directory. To change the name of a file located on the diskette indrive 'B', use the command form: A>ren b:newname.mss=b:oldname.mss .................................................................-----------------------------------------------------------------ERA (Erase) You will often want to free-up diskette space by deletingold, unwanted files. The CP/M command to do this is ERA. For command to do this is ERA. For example, the command: A>era b:thisfile.mss erases "thisfile.mss" on the diskette in drive B. Clearly, youwill want to use this command CAUTIOUSLY. ERA can also erase groups of files. For example, thecommand: A>era *.mss erases all files on the diskette in drive A having names endingwith the '.MSS' extension. The asterisk "*" is used like a 'wildcard' to represent all filenames. Finally, to erase all files on a disk, use the command form: A>era *.* Before erasing all the files on the diskette, CP/M will ask: "Erase all files (Y/N)?"This confirmation is requested to insure that you are aware ofthe (rather drastic) consequences of the command. .................................................................-----------------------------------------------------------------TYPE (Display File) TYPE allows you to inspect a document directly from CP/Mwithout having to enter Perfect Writer. For example, thecommand: Writer. For example, the command: A>type b:thisfile.mss causes the contents of "thisfile.mss", located on drive B, to bescrolled across the screen. To temporarily halt the scroll,type: CTRL--STo resume scrolling hit any key. To quit prior to reaching theend of the document, type: CTRL--C............................................................................................................................................ CP/M 'UTILITY' PROGRAMS ----------------------- Note: The following utility programs can be used onlywhen their command files are present on the currently loggeddrive. -----------------------------------------------------------------.................................................................STAT (STATistics) Filename: 'STAT.COM' Like every computer, your KayPro II has a limited amountof disk storage. You will need to keep track of the spaceavailable on your diskettes in order to effectively manage your der to effectively manage your programs and files. For example, you will often need to know howmuch free space remains on a diskette, for should there beinsufficient space for a file you are creating, all or part ofthe file may be lost when you attempt to save it. The CP/Mcommand program that provides you with information on the'status' of a diskette is "STAT". The STAT command displays the vital 'statistics' of adiskette, that is, how much storage space has been allotted tovarious files, and how much free storage space remains. Forexample, the command: A>stat instructs CP/M to examine the diskette in drive A and respond withthe message: A:R/W, SPACE : 20kindicating that on this particular diskette in drive A 20K bytesof free storage remain (20K bytes represents 20,000 characters,roughly equivalent to 15 or 20 pages of double spaced text). Aswell, this space is designated "read-write" (R/W), meaning youcan read or write to it (in contrast to R/O which indicates"read-only"). ndicates "read-only"). To examine a diskette on drive B, type: A>stat b: CP/M will respond with the message: B: R/W, SPACE: 142Kindicating that available "read-write" space totals 142K bytes. Your KayPro diskettes have 191K bytes of storage each. STAT will also display how much space a particular fileoccupies. The Command form is: A>stat b:thisfile.mss CP/M will respond with (for example): RECS BYTS EX ACC D FILENAME.TYP 7 4K 1 R/W B THISFILE.MSSIn this display: "RECS" indicates the number of 128 byte records used by the file. "BYTS" means the length of the file in bytes. "EX" indicates the number of 'logical extents' taken up by the file. (A logical extent consists of 16K bytes of disk space.) "ACC" stands for the "accessibility of the file--whether it is 'read-only' or 'read-write'". "D" is the drive name. (NOTE: "Bytes" is the figure you will generally be most e figure you will generally be most interested in.) STAT will also display statistics of any identifiablegroup of files. For example, the command A>stat *.com will display the amount of space occupied by all the files ondrive A whose file names have the extension ".com"--e.g.,STAT.COM, PIP.COM, PW.COM, etc. Finally, you can use the wild card symbol "*" to haveSTAT display the status of all files on a diskette. A>stat *.* STAT will respond with a display like this:Recs Bytes Ext Acc 171 22k 2 R/W A:MENU.COM 268 34k 3 R/W A:PW.COM 41 6k 1 R/W A:PW.HLP 520 66k 5 R/W A:PW.SWPIf the listing is longer than one screenful, use 'Control--S' totemporarily halt the display, afterwards hitting any key to continue..................................................................-----------------------------------------------------------------PIP (File Copying)Filename: 'PIP.COM' PIP, or 'Peripheral Interchange Program', is the CP/M l Interchange Program', is the CP/M utility program used for copying individual files and programsfrom one diskette to another, or onto free space on the samediskette. To copy a file from one diskette to another, use thecommand form: A>pip b:=a:thisfile.mss -- -------------- ^ ^ {destination} {source} In this command 'thisfile.mss', which is located on drive'A', is being copied to drive 'B'. Note that the file name doesnot have to be repeated if it is to remain the same at itsdestination. Also, as with the REN command, the destination (drive B)is placed to the LEFT of the equals sign, while the source (driveA) is placed to the RIGHT. It is easy to change the name of a file while you arecopying it, as in this command: A>pip b:thatfile.mss=a:thisfile.mss Here PIP copies "thisfile.mss" on drive A to drive B,simultaneously changing its name to "THATFILE.MSS". You now have HATFILE.MSS". You now have two copies of the same file, each with a different name. Torename and copy a file on the same diskette, use the command: A>pip b:thatfile.mss=b:thisfile.mssTo copy an entire disk, use the command form: A>pip b:=a:*.* PIP will copy the entire contents of the diskette ondrive A to the diskette on drive B, leaving the contents of driveA untouched. (Again, note the use of the '*' as a wild card). When executing this copy routine, it is best to use anempty diskette as the destination, since there must be enoughspace to receive the material being transferred. (When copying anentire diskette it will probably be faster to use the COPYutility described below.) If you wish to copy more than one file, you can save timeby using a variation of the PIP command as follows: A>pip Your screen will respond with an asterisk ( * ) on thenext line. You may then copy as many files as you wish using the es as you wish using the same form described above but without typing "pip" each time. When you have no more files you wish to transfer, type a and you will be back to your system prompt. For example: A>pip *b:thisfile.mss=a:thatfile.mss *b:newfile.mss=a:oldfile.mss * Final Note: Though PIP can be used to copy all files andprograms on a diskette, it will not copy the CP/M system itself. Totransfer the CP/M system, use SYSGEN (see below).______________________________________________________________________...................................................................... COPYING, FORMATTING, INSTALLING CP/M Filename: 'COPY.COM'1. COPYING It is important to get in the habit of making backupcopies of your important diskettes. Usually the easiest way todo this is by using the COPY utility program. All you need to dois place the main CP/M system diskette in drive A and enter: A>copyCP/M will display the main COPY menu, offering four choices: menu, offering four choices: C COPY ---- This option formats the diskC-O open line check that errors produced ifall lines are full, or at line 255.f. [ ] [ ] M-o open column check that errors are producedif all columns are full, or at column Z.Comments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------12. COPYING AND MOVINGa. [ ] [ ] C-W copy entryb. [ ] [ ] M-W copy regionc. [ ] [ ] C-Y yank entry,line,column, or region from save buffer at or beginning at the cursor position.d. [ ] [ ] M-Y copy entry,line, or column(but not a region) from save buffer used in replicating formulasComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------13. RELATIVE & ABSOLUTE VARIABLES When yanking from the Save Buffer, you are asked whether eachvariable in a formula is relatiave to its position. Test thepossible responses: a. [ ] [ ] y Yes, the relative variable should be adjusted variable should be adjusted for position. b. [ ] [ ] any other key No, the variable is absolute and should be copied with no change.c. [ ] [ ] Start the questions over with the first variableComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------14. SPREADSHEET DESIGNa. [ ] [ ] X-w Change column width Test with both one and twob. [ ] [ ] g global windows. See that changes c. [ ] [ ] c column in one window are echoed in the other window. Also, check that global change doesn't change columns that have been altered with the column width change command.d. [ ] [ ] X-j justify entrye. [ ] [ ] l leftf. [ ] [ ] c centerg. [ ] [ ] r righth. [ ] [ ] X-d Change display formati. [ ] [ ] 0-13 displays this number of decimal placesj. [ ] [ ] s displays in scientific notation in scientific notation k. [ ] [ ] * displays in graphic notationl. [ ] [ ] f displays formulas at their entry positionsm. [ ] [ ] $ displays dollars and cents, with commasn. [ ] [ ] X-t Fix titlesComments:----------------------------------------------------------------------------15. RECALCULATION MODESa. [ ] [ ] X-m Change recalculation modeb. [ ] [ ] l recalculate by lines(default)c. [ ] [ ] c recalculate by columnsd. [ ] [ ] a recalculate automatically whenever numeric value or formula changed.e. [ ] [ ] m recalculate manuallyf. [ ] [ ] ! recalculate requestg. [ ] [ ] r update only current defined regionComments:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------16. MULTIPLE BUFFERS AND FILESa. [ ] [ ] X-a associate buffers and filesb. [ ] [ ] X-C-B buffer directoryc. [ ] [ ] X-b switch buffer test to see that ch buffer test to see that default is previous bufferd. [ ] [ ] X-k delete buffere. [ ] [ ] X-C-K clear memoryComments:----------------------------------------------------------------------------17. READING AND WRITING FILESa. [ ] [ ] X-C-S Save fileb. [ ] [ ] X-C-W Write filec. [ ] [ ] X-C-P print entire spreadsheetd. [ ] [ ] X-p print regione. [ ] [ ] X-C-F find file find files that are largeenough to fill up memory. see if buffer commaands work, as wellas other commands.f. [ ] [ ] X-C-R read fileComments:----------------------------------------------------------------------------18. MULTIPLE WINDOWSa. [ ] [ ] X-2 create two windows Test all commands in the two window mode.b. [ ] [ ] X-1 create one windowc. [ ] [ ] X-o other windowComments:----------------------------------------------------------------------------19. SPECIAL KEYS & EXITING -------- 19. SPECIAL KEYS & EXITING a. [ ] [ ] X-C-C quit See that both yes and no answersare correctly interpreted.b. [ ] [ ] ? helpc. [ ] [ ] C-U repeatd. [ ] [ ] C-G cancele. [ ] [ ] X-= statusComments:@end(verbatim)end(verbatim). [ ] [ ] X-C-S Save file bD delete current characterg. [ ] [ ] delete previous characterh. [ ] [ ] C-G go back to spreadsheet with original entryi. [ ] [ ] enter modifications and return to spreadsheetComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. DEFINING REGIONSa. [ ] [ ] M- set mark at current positionb. [ ] [ ] X-C-X exchange cursor and markComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. DELETING AND INSERTINGa. [ ] [ ] C-D delete entryb. [ ] [ ] C-K delete line (alternate command C-C)c. [ ] [ ] M-K delete column (or M-C)d. [ ] [ ] M-D delete region [ ] M-D delete region e. [ ] [ ] @style(leftmargin 5 chars)@begin(verbatim) Procedure for testing Perfect Calc Name:__________________ Date:__________________ Version:__________________ Computer:__________________ functions correctly? ------------ no yes1. MOVING THE CURSOR -test these commands at various points in the spreadsheet, including extremes.a. [ ] [ ] C-F move forward a column b. [ ] [ ] C-B move back a column c. [ ] [ ] C-N next line d. [ ] [ ] C-P previous linee. [ ] [ ] C-A beginning of linef. [ ] [ ] C-E end of lineg. [ ] [ ] M-< top of columnh. [ ] [ ] M-> bottom of columni. [ ] [ ] > GOTOj. [ ] [ ] C-S Search to next unlocked formula or numberComments:(indicate by letter)------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------- 2. MOVING THE SCREEN Test in both one and two window modes.a. [ ] [ ] C-Z page upb. [ ] [ ] C-V page downc. [ ] [ ] M-V page rightd. [ ] [ ] M-Z page leftComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. MULTIPLE FILE DISPLAYa. [ ] [ ] X-2 create two windows test both vertical and horizontal windows at all extremes of the file.b. [ ] [ ] X-O switch to other window test that it functions correctly from both windowsc. [ ] [ ] X-1 create one window test from both windows, in vertical and horizontal mode. Check at extreme edges of windows.Comments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. MOVE OTHER WINDOWa. [ ] [ ] X-C-V page down other windowb. [ ] [ ] X-C-Z page up other windowc. [ ] [ ] X-V page right other window page right other window d. [ ] [ ] X-Z page left other windowe. [ ] [ ] M-C-L redraw screenf. [ ] [ ] C-S search next unlocked entry test with no unlocked entries and varying numbers of unlocked entriesComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. FORMULA BUILT IN FUNCTIONS create a file that tests these formulas over the ranges specified.------------------------------------------------------------------------------a. [ ] [ ] abs(x) all legal numbers absolute value of entered numberb. [ ] [ ] avg(range) a1:Z255 average or numbers try with varying ranges of varying sizesc. [ ] [ ] count(range) a1:Z255 count of non-empty entries in the range. try with ranges of varying sizes. try with files that have 0,1, and many entries, with sparse and dense files. and dense files. d. [ ] [ ] exp(x) absolute values of x less than approx. 230. All results should be positive numbers. Check that exp(ln(x))=x, allowing for roundoff errors. e. [ ] [ ] int(x) Should return largest integer with absolute value not larger than x.f. [ ] [ ] ln(x) x must be non-negative. check that negative values produce error messages.g. [ ] [ ] log(x) test the same as ln(x). Check that 10 ^ log(x) = x, allowing for roundoff errors.h. [ ] [ ] lookup(x,range) test with varying sizes of lookup tables, be certain that proper values are returned. Check in varying size files, both dense and sparse.i. [ ] [ ] max(range) Check over varying sizes of files.j. [ ] [ ] min(range) Check over vayring sizes of files.k. [ ] [ ] npv(x,range)l. [ ] [ ] sqrt(x) x should be positive. negative entries should produce an error message. Test with zero also. with zero also. m. [ ] [ ] sum(range) sum varying range sizes in sparse and dense files. Try both large and small files. Find maximum file size that sum will accept. Comments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. LOGICAL FUNCTIONSUse file "FCTNTST.PC" to test these.a. [ ] [ ] and(x,y) test withh varying zero and non-zero entries.b. [ ] [ ] or(x,y) test same as "and"c. [ ] [ ] if(x,y,z) test with different arguements and actions.d. [ ] [ ] not(x)Comments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS x must be in radians. these functionsare cyclic, with 0<= x <= 2pi (pi=3.1415927)a. [ ] [ ] atan(x) b. [ ] [ ] cos(x) c. [ ] [ ] sin(x) expected values x | sin(x) | cos(x) | atan(x)------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------- 0 | 0 | 1 | 0pi/4 | .71 | .71 | .67pi/2 | 1 | 0 | 13pi/4 | .71 | -.71 | 1.17pi | 0 | -1 | 1.265pi/4 | -.71 | -.71 | 1.323pi/2 | -1 | 0 | 1.367pi/4 | -.71 | .71 | 1.392pi | 0 | 1 | 1.41Comments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. LOCKING FORMULASa. [ ] [ ] X-C-L Lock current formula test, checking to see that formula actually does lock. attempt to edit formula after lockingb. [ ] [ ] X-C-U Unlock current formula test same as lock formulac. [ ] [ ] X-l lock formulas in regiond. [ ] [ ] X-u unlock formulas in regione. [ ] [ ] X-S search formulaComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. EDITING ENTRIES ----------------- 9. EDITING ENTRIES a. [ ] [ ] X-E edit entryb. [ ] [ ] C-A move cursor to beginning of prompt linec. [ ] [ ] C-E move cursor to end of prompt lined. [ ] [ ] C-F move forward one charactere. [ ] [ ] C-B move backwards one characterf. [ ] [ ] C-D delete current characterg. [ ] [ ] delete previous characterh. [ ] [ ] C-G go back to spreadsheet with original entryi. [ ] [ ] enter modifications and return to spreadsheetComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. DEFINING REGIONSa. [ ] [ ] M- set mark at current positionb. [ ] [ ] X-C-X exchange cursor and markComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. DELETING AND INSERTINGa. [ ] [ ] C-D delete entryb. [ ] [ ] C-K delete line (alternate command C-C)c. [ ] [ ] M-K delete column (or M-C)d. [ ] [ ] M-D delete region [ ] M-D delete region e. [ ] [ ] C-O open line check that errors produced ifall lines are full, or at line 255.f. [ ] [ ] M-o open column check that errors are producedif all columns are full, or at column Z.Comments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------12. COPYING AND MOVINGa. [ ] [ ] C-W copy entryb. [ ] [ ] M-W copy regionc. [ ] [ ] C-Y yank entry,line,column, or region from save buffer at or beginning at the cursor position.d. [ ] [ ] M-Y copy entry,line, or column(but not a region) from save buffer used in replicating formulasComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------13. RELATIVE & ABSOLUTE VARIABLES When yanking from the Save Buffer, you are asked whether eachvariable in a formula is relatiave to its position. Test thepossible responses: a. [ ] [ ] y Yes, the relative variable should be adjusted variable should be adjusted for position. b. [ ] [ ] any other key No, the variable is absolute and should be copied with no change.c. [ ] [ ] Start the questions over with the first variableComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------14. SPREADSHEET DESIGNa. [ ] [ ] X-w Change column width Test with both one and twob. [ ] [ ] g global windows. See that changes c. [ ] [ ] c column in one window are echoed in the other window. Also, check that global change doesn't change columns that have been altered with the column width change command.d. [ ] [ ] X-j justify entrye. [ ] [ ] l leftf. [ ] [ ] c centerg. [ ] [ ] r righth. [ ] [ ] X-d Change display formati. [ ] [ ] 0-13 displays this number of decimal placesj. [ ] [ ] s displays in scientific notation in scientific notation k. [ ] [ ] * displays in graphic notationl. [ ] [ ] f displays formulas at their entry positionsm. [ ] [ ] $ displays dollars and cents, with commasn. [ ] [ ] X-t Fix titlesComments:----------------------------------------------------------------------------15. RECALCULATION MODESa. [ ] [ ] X-m Change recalculation modeb. [ ] [ ] l recalculate by lines(default)c. [ ] [ ] c recalculate by columnsd. [ ] [ ] a recalculate automatically whenever numeric value or formula changed.e. [ ] [ ] m recalculate manuallyf. [ ] [ ] ! recalculate requestg. [ ] [ ] r update only current defined regionComments:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------16. MULTIPLE BUFFERS AND FILESa. [ ] [ ] X-a associate buffers and filesb. [ ] [ ] X-C-B buffer directoryc. [ ] [ ] X-b switch buffer test to see that ch buffer test to see that default is previous bufferd. [ ] [ ] X-k delete buffere. [ ] [ ] X-C-K clear memoryComments:----------------------------------------------------------------------------17. READING AND WRITING FILESa. [ ] [ ] X-C-S Save fileb. [ ] [ ] X-C-W Write filec. [ ] [ ] X-C-P print entire spreadsheetd. [ ] [ ] X-p print regione. [ ] [ ] X-C-F find file find files that are largeenough to fill up memory. see if buffer commaands work, as wellas other commands.f. [ ] [ ] X-C-R read fileComments:----------------------------------------------------------------------------18. MULTIPLE WINDOWSa. [ ] [ ] X-2 create two windows Test all commands in the two window mode.b. [ ] [ ] X-1 create one windowc. [ ] [ ] X-o other windowComments:----------------------------------------------------------------------------19. SPECIAL KEYS & EXITING -------- 19. SPECIAL KEYS & EXITING a. [ ] [ ] X-C-C quit See that both yes and no answersare correctly interpreted.b. [ ] [ ] ? helpc. [ ] [ ] C-U repeatd. [ ] [ ] C-G cancele. [ ] [ ] X-= statusComments:@end(verbatim)end(verbatim). [ ] [ ] X-C-S Save file bD delete current characterg. [ ] [ ] delete previous characterh. [ ] [ ] C-G go back to spreadsheet with original entryi. [ ] [ ] enter modifications and return to spreadsheetComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. DEFINING REGIONSa. [ ] [ ] M- set mark at current positionb. [ ] [ ] X-C-X exchange cursor and markComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. DELETING AND INSERTINGa. [ ] [ ] C-D delete entryb. [ ] [ ] C-K delete line (alternate command C-C)c. [ ] [ ] M-K delete column (or M-C)d. [ ] [ ] M-D delete region [ ] M-D delete region e. [ ] [ ] @style(leftmargin 5 chars)@begin(verbatim) Procedure for testing Perfect Calc Name:__________________ Date:__________________ Version:__________________ Computer:__________________ functions correctly? ------------ no yes1. MOVING THE CURSOR -test these commands at various points in the spreadsheet, including extremes.a. [ ] [ ] C-F move forward a column b. [ ] [ ] C-B move back a column c. [ ] [ ] C-N next line d. [ ] [ ] C-P previous linee. [ ] [ ] C-A beginning of linef. [ ] [ ] C-E end of lineg. [ ] [ ] M-< top of columnh. [ ] [ ] M-> bottom of columni. [ ] [ ] > GOTOj. [ ] [ ] C-S Search to next unlocked formula or numberComments:(indicate by letter)------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------- 2. MOVING THE SCREEN Test in both one and two window modes.a. [ ] [ ] C-Z page upb. [ ] [ ] C-V page downc. [ ] [ ] M-V page rightd. [ ] [ ] M-Z page leftComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. MULTIPLE FILE DISPLAYa. [ ] [ ] X-2 create two windows test both vertical and horizontal windows at all extremes of the file.b. [ ] [ ] X-O switch to other window test that it functions correctly from both windowsc. [ ] [ ] X-1 create one window test from both windows, in vertical and horizontal mode. Check at extreme edges of windows.Comments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. MOVE OTHER WINDOWa. [ ] [ ] X-C-V page down other windowb. [ ] [ ] X-C-Z page up other windowc. [ ] [ ] X-V page right other window page right other window d. [ ] [ ] X-Z page left other windowe. [ ] [ ] M-C-L redraw screenf. [ ] [ ] C-S search next unlocked entry test with no unlocked entries and varying numbers of unlocked entriesComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. FORMULA BUILT IN FUNCTIONS create a file that tests these formulas over the ranges specified.------------------------------------------------------------------------------a. [ ] [ ] abs(x) all legal numbers absolute value of entered numberb. [ ] [ ] avg(range) a1:Z255 average or numbers try with varying ranges of varying sizesc. [ ] [ ] count(range) a1:Z255 count of non-empty entries in the range. try with ranges of varying sizes. try with files that have 0,1, and many entries, with sparse and dense files. and dense files. d. [ ] [ ] exp(x) absolute values of x less than approx. 230. All results should be positive numbers. Check that exp(ln(x))=x, allowing for roundoff errors. e. [ ] [ ] int(x) Should return largest integer with absolute value not larger than x.f. [ ] [ ] ln(x) x must be non-negative. check that negative values produce error messages.g. [ ] [ ] log(x) test the same as ln(x). Check that 10 ^ log(x) = x, allowing for roundoff errors.h. [ ] [ ] lookup(x,range) test with varying sizes of lookup tables, be certain that proper values are returned. Check in varying size files, both dense and sparse.i. [ ] [ ] max(range) Check over varying sizes of files.j. [ ] [ ] min(range) Check over vayring sizes of files.k. [ ] [ ] npv(x,range)l. [ ] [ ] sqrt(x) x should be positive. negative entries should produce an error message. Test with zero also. with zero also. m. [ ] [ ] sum(range) sum varying range sizes in sparse and dense files. Try both large and small files. Find maximum file size that sum will accept. Comments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. LOGICAL FUNCTIONSUse file "FCTNTST.PC" to test these.a. [ ] [ ] and(x,y) test withh varying zero and non-zero entries.b. [ ] [ ] or(x,y) test same as "and"c. [ ] [ ] if(x,y,z) test with different arguements and actions.d. [ ] [ ] not(x)Comments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS x must be in radians. these functionsare cyclic, with 0<= x <= 2pi (pi=3.1415927)a. [ ] [ ] atan(x) b. [ ] [ ] cos(x) c. [ ] [ ] sin(x) expected values x | sin(x) | cos(x) | atan(x)------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------- 0 | 0 | 1 | 0pi/4 | .71 | .71 | .67pi/2 | 1 | 0 | 13pi/4 | .71 | -.71 | 1.17pi | 0 | -1 | 1.265pi/4 | -.71 | -.71 | 1.323pi/2 | -1 | 0 | 1.367pi/4 | -.71 | .71 | 1.392pi | 0 | 1 | 1.41Comments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. LOCKING FORMULASa. [ ] [ ] X-C-L Lock current formula test, checking to see that formula actually does lock. attempt to edit formula after lockingb. [ ] [ ] X-C-U Unlock current formula test same as lock formulac. [ ] [ ] X-l lock formulas in regiond. [ ] [ ] X-u unlock formulas in regione. [ ] [ ] X-S search formulaComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. EDITING ENTRIES ----------------- 9. EDITING ENTRIES a. [ ] [ ] X-E edit entryb. [ ] [ ] C-A move cursor to beginning of prompt linec. [ ] [ ] C-E move cursor to end of prompt lined. [ ] [ ] C-F move forward one charactere. [ ] [ ] C-B move backwards one characterf. [ ] [ ] C-D delete current characterg. [ ] [ ] delete previous characterh. [ ] [ ] C-G go back to spreadsheet with original entryi. [ ] [ ] enter modifications and return to spreadsheetComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. DEFINING REGIONSa. [ ] [ ] M- set mark at current positionb. [ ] [ ] X-C-X exchange cursor and markComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. DELETING AND INSERTINGa. [ ] [ ] C-D delete entryb. [ ] [ ] C-K delete line (alternate command C-C)c. [ ] [ ] M-K delete column (or M-C)d. [ ] [ ] M-D delete region [ ] M-D delete region e. [ ] [ ] C-O open line check that errors produced ifall lines are full, or at line 255.f. [ ] [ ] M-o open column check that errors are producedif all columns are full, or at column Z.Comments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------12. COPYING AND MOVINGa. [ ] [ ] C-W copy entryb. [ ] [ ] M-W copy regionc. [ ] [ ] C-Y yank entry,line,column, or region from save buffer at or beginning at the cursor position.d. [ ] [ ] M-Y copy entry,line, or column(but not a region) from save buffer used in replicating formulasComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------13. RELATIVE & ABSOLUTE VARIABLES When yanking from the Save Buffer, you are asked whether eachvariable in a formula is relatiave to its position. Test thepossible responses: a. [ ] [ ] y Yes, the relative variable should be adjusted variable should be adjusted for position. b. [ ] [ ] any other key No, the variable is absolute and should be copied with no change.c. [ ] [ ] Start the questions over with the first variableComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------14. SPREADSHEET DESIGNa. [ ] [ ] X-w Change column width Test with both one and twob. [ ] [ ] g global windows. See that changes c. [ ] [ ] c column in one window are echoed in the other window. Also, check that global change doesn't change columns that have been altered with the column width change command.d. [ ] [ ] X-j justify entrye. [ ] [ ] l leftf. [ ] [ ] c centerg. [ ] [ ] r righth. [ ] [ ] X-d Change display formati. [ ] [ ] 0-13 displays this number of decimal placesj. [ ] [ ] s displays in scientific notation in scientific notation k. [ ] [ ] * displays in graphic notationl. [ ] [ ] f displays formulas at their entry positionsm. [ ] [ ] $ displays dollars and cents, with commasn. [ ] [ ] X-t Fix titlesComments:----------------------------------------------------------------------------15. RECALCULATION MODESa. [ ] [ ] X-m Change recalculation modeb. [ ] [ ] l recalculate by lines(default)c. [ ] [ ] c recalculate by columnsd. [ ] [ ] a recalculate automatically whenever numeric value or formula changed.e. [ ] [ ] m recalculate manuallyf. [ ] [ ] ! recalculate requestg. [ ] [ ] r update only current defined regionComments:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------16. MULTIPLE BUFFERS AND FILESa. [ ] [ ] X-a associate buffers and filesb. [ ] [ ] X-C-B buffer directoryc. [ ] [ ] X-b switch buffer test to see that ch buffer test to see that default is previous bufferd. [ ] [ ] X-k delete buffere. [ ] [ ] X-C-K clear memoryComments:----------------------------------------------------------------------------17. READING AND WRITING FILESa. [ ] [ ] X-C-S Save fileb. [ ] [ ] X-C-W Write filec. [ ] [ ] X-C-P print entire spreadsheetd. [ ] [ ] X-p print regione. [ ] [ ] X-C-F find file find files that are largeenough to fill up memory. see if buffer commaands work, as wellas other commands.f. [ ] [ ] X-C-R read fileComments:----------------------------------------------------------------------------18. MULTIPLE WINDOWSa. [ ] [ ] X-2 create two windows Test all commands in the two window mode.b. [ ] [ ] X-1 create one windowc. [ ] [ ] X-o other windowComments:----------------------------------------------------------------------------19. SPECIAL KEYS & EXITING -------- 19. SPECIAL KEYS & EXITING a. [ ] [ ] X-C-C quit See that both yes and no answersare correctly interpreted.b. [ ] [ ] ? helpc. [ ] [ ] C-U repeatd. [ ] [ ] C-G cancele. [ ] [ ] X-= statusComments:@end(verbatim)end(verbatim). [ ] [ ] X-C-S Save file bD delete current characterg. [ ] [ ] delete previous characterh. [ ] [ ] C-G go back to spreadsheet with original entryi. [ ] [ ] enter modifications and return to spreadsheetComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. DEFINING REGIONSa. [ ] [ ] M- set mark at current positionb. [ ] [ ] X-C-X exchange cursor and markComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. DELETING AND INSERTINGa. [ ] [ ] C-D delete entryb. [ ] [ ] C-K delete line (alternate command C-C)c. [ ] [ ] M-K delete column (or M-C)d. [ ] [ ] M-D delete region [ ] M-D delete region e. [ ] [ ] @style(leftmargin 5 chars)@begin(verbatim) Procedure for testing Perfect Calc Name:__________________ Date:__________________ Version:__________________ Computer:__________________ functions correctly? ------------ no yes1. MOVING THE CURSOR -test these commands at various points in the spreadsheet, including extremes.a. [ ] [ ] C-F move forward a column b. [ ] [ ] C-B move back a column c. [ ] [ ] C-N next line d. [ ] [ ] C-P previous linee. [ ] [ ] C-A beginning of linef. [ ] [ ] C-E end of lineg. [ ] [ ] M-< top of columnh. [ ] [ ] M-> bottom of columni. [ ] [ ] > GOTOj. [ ] [ ] C-S Search to next unlocked formula or numberComments:(indicate by letter)------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------- 2. MOVING THE SCREEN Test in both one and two window modes.a. [ ] [ ] C-Z page upb. [ ] [ ] C-V page downc. [ ] [ ] M-V page rightd. [ ] [ ] M-Z page leftComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. MULTIPLE FILE DISPLAYa. [ ] [ ] X-2 create two windows test both vertical and horizontal windows at all extremes of the file.b. [ ] [ ] X-O switch to other window test that it functions correctly from both windowsc. [ ] [ ] X-1 create one window test from both windows, in vertical and horizontal mode. Check at extreme edges of windows.Comments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. MOVE OTHER WINDOWa. [ ] [ ] X-C-V page down other windowb. [ ] [ ] X-C-Z page up other windowc. [ ] [ ] X-V page right other window page right other window d. [ ] [ ] X-Z page left other windowe. [ ] [ ] M-C-L redraw screenf. [ ] [ ] C-S search next unlocked entry test with no unlocked entries and varying numbers of unlocked entriesComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. FORMULA BUILT IN FUNCTIONS create a file that tests these formulas over the ranges specified.------------------------------------------------------------------------------a. [ ] [ ] abs(x) all legal numbers absolute value of entered numberb. [ ] [ ] avg(range) a1:Z255 average or numbers try with varying ranges of varying sizesc. [ ] [ ] count(range) a1:Z255 count of non-empty entries in the range. try with ranges of varying sizes. try with files that have 0,1, and many entries, with sparse and dense files. and dense files. d. [ ] [ ] exp(x) absolute values of x less than approx. 230. All results should be positive numbers. Check that exp(ln(x))=x, allowing for roundoff errors. e. [ ] [ ] int(x) Should return largest integer with absolute value not larger than x.f. [ ] [ ] ln(x) x must be non-negative. check that negative values produce error messages.g. [ ] [ ] log(x) test the same as ln(x). Check that 10 ^ log(x) = x, allowing for roundoff errors.h. [ ] [ ] lookup(x,range) test with varying sizes of lookup tables, be certain that proper values are returned. Check in varying size files, both dense and sparse.i. [ ] [ ] max(range) Check over varying sizes of files.j. [ ] [ ] min(range) Check over vayring sizes of files.k. [ ] [ ] npv(x,range)l. [ ] [ ] sqrt(x) x should be positive. negative entries should produce an error message. Test with zero also. with zero also. m. [ ] [ ] sum(range) sum varying range sizes in sparse and dense files. Try both large and small files. Find maximum file size that sum will accept. Comments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. LOGICAL FUNCTIONSUse file "FCTNTST.PC" to test these.a. [ ] [ ] and(x,y) test withh varying zero and non-zero entries.b. [ ] [ ] or(x,y) test same as "and"c. [ ] [ ] if(x,y,z) test with different arguements and actions.d. [ ] [ ] not(x)Comments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS x must be in radians. these functionsare cyclic, with 0<= x <= 2pi (pi=3.1415927)a. [ ] [ ] atan(x) b. [ ] [ ] cos(x) c. [ ] [ ] sin(x) expected values x | sin(x) | cos(x) | atan(x)------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------- 0 | 0 | 1 | 0pi/4 | .71 | .71 | .67pi/2 | 1 | 0 | 13pi/4 | .71 | -.71 | 1.17pi | 0 | -1 | 1.265pi/4 | -.71 | -.71 | 1.323pi/2 | -1 | 0 | 1.367pi/4 | -.71 | .71 | 1.392pi | 0 | 1 | 1.41Comments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. LOCKING FORMULASa. [ ] [ ] X-C-L Lock current formula test, checking to see that formula actually does lock. attempt to edit formula after lockingb. [ ] [ ] X-C-U Unlock current formula test same as lock formulac. [ ] [ ] X-l lock formulas in regiond. [ ] [ ] X-u unlock formulas in regione. [ ] [ ] X-S search formulaComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. EDITING ENTRIES ----------------- 9. EDITING ENTRIES a. [ ] [ ] X-E edit entryb. [ ] [ ] C-A move cursor to beginning of prompt linec. [ ] [ ] C-E move cursor to end of prompt lined. [ ] [ ] C-F move forward one charactere. [ ] [ ] C-B move backwards one characterf. [ ] [ ] C-D delete current characterg. [ ] [ ] delete previous characterh. [ ] [ ] C-G go back to spreadsheet with original entryi. [ ] [ ] enter modifications and return to spreadsheetComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. DEFINING REGIONSa. [ ] [ ] M- set mark at current positionb. [ ] [ ] X-C-X exchange cursor and markComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. DELETING AND INSERTINGa. [ ] [ ] C-D delete entryb. [ ] [ ] C-K delete line (alternate command C-C)c. [ ] [ ] M-K delete column (or M-C)d. [ ] [ ] M-D delete region [ ] M-D delete region e. [ ] [ ] C-O open line check that errors produced ifall lines are full, or at line 255.f. [ ] [ ] M-o open column check that errors are producedif all columns are full, or at column Z.Comments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------12. COPYING AND MOVINGa. [ ] [ ] C-W copy entryb. [ ] [ ] M-W copy regionc. [ ] [ ] C-Y yank entry,line,column, or region from save buffer at or beginning at the cursor position.d. [ ] [ ] M-Y copy entry,line, or column(but not a region) from save buffer used in replicating formulasComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------13. RELATIVE & ABSOLUTE VARIABLES When yanking from the Save Buffer, you are asked whether eachvariable in a formula is relatiave to its position. Test thepossible responses: a. [ ] [ ] y Yes, the relative variable should be adjusted variable should be adjusted for position. b. [ ] [ ] any other key No, the variable is absolute and should be copied with no change.c. [ ] [ ] Start the questions over with the first variableComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------14. SPREADSHEET DESIGNa. [ ] [ ] X-w Change column width Test with both one and twob. [ ] [ ] g global windows. See that changes c. [ ] [ ] c column in one window are echoed in the other window. Also, check that global change doesn't change columns that have been altered with the column width change command.d. [ ] [ ] X-j justify entrye. [ ] [ ] l leftf. [ ] [ ] c centerg. [ ] [ ] r righth. [ ] [ ] X-d Change display formati. [ ] [ ] 0-13 displays this number of decimal placesj. [ ] [ ] s displays in scientific notation in scientific notation k. [ ] [ ] * displays in graphic notationl. [ ] [ ] f displays formulas at their entry positionsm. [ ] [ ] $ displays dollars and cents, with commasn. [ ] [ ] X-t Fix titlesComments:----------------------------------------------------------------------------15. RECALCULATION MODESa. [ ] [ ] X-m Change recalculation modeb. [ ] [ ] l recalculate by lines(default)c. [ ] [ ] c recalculate by columnsd. [ ] [ ] a recalculate automatically whenever numeric value or formula changed.e. [ ] [ ] m recalculate manuallyf. [ ] [ ] ! recalculate requestg. [ ] [ ] r update only current defined regionComments:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------16. MULTIPLE BUFFERS AND FILESa. [ ] [ ] X-a associate buffers and filesb. [ ] [ ] X-C-B buffer directoryc. [ ] [ ] X-b switch buffer test to see that ch buffer test to see that default is previous bufferd. [ ] [ ] X-k delete buffere. [ ] [ ] X-C-K clear memoryComments:----------------------------------------------------------------------------17. READING AND WRITING FILESa. [ ] [ ] X-C-S Save fileb. [ ] [ ] X-C-W Write filec. [ ] [ ] X-C-P print entire spreadsheetd. [ ] [ ] X-p print regione. [ ] [ ] X-C-F find file find files that are largeenough to fill up memory. see if buffer commaands work, as wellas other commands.f. [ ] [ ] X-C-R read fileComments:----------------------------------------------------------------------------18. MULTIPLE WINDOWSa. [ ] [ ] X-2 create two windows Test all commands in the two window mode.b. [ ] [ ] X-1 create one windowc. [ ] [ ] X-o other windowComments:----------------------------------------------------------------------------19. SPECIAL KEYS & EXITING -------- 19. SPECIAL KEYS & EXITING a. [ ] [ ] X-C-C quit See that both yes and no answersare correctly interpreted.b. [ ] [ ] ? helpc. [ ] [ ] C-U repeatd. [ ] [ ] C-G cancele. [ ] [ ] X-= statusComments:@end(verbatim)end(verbatim). [ ] [ ] X-C-S Save file bD delete current characterg. [ ] [ ] delete previous characterh. [ ] [ ] C-G go back to spreadsheet with original entryi. [ ] [ ] enter modifications and return to spreadsheetComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. DEFINING REGIONSa. [ ] [ ] M- set mark at current positionb. [ ] [ ] X-C-X exchange cursor and markComments:------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. DELETING AND INSERTINGa. [ ] [ ] C-D delete entryb. [ ] [ ] C-K delete line (alternate command C-C)c. [ ] [ ] M-K delete column (or M-C)d. [ ] [ ] M-D delete region [ ] M-D delete region e. [ ] [ ] 5m512z10p2s40t1d2i1l0h