JOY 5  ÿÿh•àMök…òI”z ¶kÐ pÐhlÂìŠI” Y÷%Á³Ðz ¶kZ-–K¥Òi´Z-–K´*Lñ"˳Ý5C¶kx UA7Lÿ%…òI”z ¶kx… U<?U÷&Õ¾ Çz ¶kx n %-5=EMU\dlLï$ЦI”z ¶xx ULï$ЦI”z ¶x ULï$ЦI”z ¶~x ULï$ЦI”z ¶}x ULï$ЦI”z ¶|x ULï$ЦI”z ¶sx ULï$ЦI”z ¶rx UStandard €+¶¹+Yº²‚»»»»»"»›¹™©¹z¨Ùº¹ª«Û»[XÛ©šª¹z–תª©¹Úª™R¹»j–’¹‰ˆ¹™Ë}×[Y™°«ª{»»»»»ÝÝÝÝÝ"wD“dºzºwª§«zºzªšÌ¼«««¹›‰Ý©ºª«y™w»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»›¸ºº§Úº™¹»Û»©ˆ‰x©š¨¹™™»˜p陘œ�ªÛš»»º½­¹y‰¨¹¨™›™ªªÛ¨ˆš€ xpagination x UA Èš  DCALCUserManualx€ xpagination x UA Èï %?page===x€ xpagination x UA Èx€ xpagination x UA È�x€ x�main x… U< ÈÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ€ &ˆDCALCÜ *QVersion1.0Üe zAspreadsheetfortheAmstradPCWÜÜ® !ŸDavidHarveyNovember1988ÜÜ�€ x�main x… U< ÈÜB $iCONTENTSÜV ,1.Introduction ;œ3d ,2.UsingDCALC ;œ4Ö , �2.1Fundamentals ;œ4Y , �2.2AnexamplespreadsheetChicago ;œ6{ ,3.DCALCCommandReference ;œ8o , �3.1Quit ;œ8à , �3.2FileCommands ;œ8ë , � ô3.2.1Load ;œ8ê , � ô3.2.2Save ;œ8Ü , � ô3.2.3Clear ;œ8Ý , � ô3.2.4Print ;œ8m , �3.3Text ;œ91 , �3.4Numbers ;œ9ì , �3.5Expressions ;œ98 , �3.6Delete :ˆ10 , �3.7Calculate :ˆ10‚ ,4.Sharewareregistration :ˆ11ÜÜ �x€ x�main x… U< ÈÜÎ1.IntroductionÜ   ‰DCALCisasimplespreadsheetprogramfortheAMSTRADPCWcomputer.Its¨featuresinclude:ܲ , �workspaceof60rows,26columns3 , �menudrivencommandentryF , �entertext,numericvalues,expressionsp , � ‡expressionsmayuse+*/,andcanreferenceothercellsand �row/celltotals Èß , � öspreadsheetsmaybeprinteddirect,ortoASCIIfilesfor � Ÿˆincorporationintootherdocumentsusefulforproductionof‡reports. ÈÜ gPTorunDCALC,firstloadCP/MfromthePCWsystemdisc,thenplacethedisc  holdingtheDCALCprogram(DCALC.COM)intheappropriatediscdrive.AttheCP/MÂprompt(A>)type ,DCALCthenhittheRETURNkey.Ü  Ò»Foruptotheminutedocumentation,seethefileREAD.MEontheDCALCœdistributiondisc.ÜÜÜ<Softwareanddocumentation(c)1988DavidHarveyÜÜ �À€ x�main x… U< ÈÜ2.UsingDCALC®2.1FUNDAMENTALS ^GAspreadsheetisbestthoughtofasalargepieceofpaper,dividedupina 0regulargrid.Thepageisoftencalledaworkspace,andthespacesinthegrid  >'arereferredtoascells.Cellsareidentifiedbytheircolumn(specifiedbya/letter,AZ)androw(anumber,160).Thefollowingarevalidcellreferences:é ,A12Z60b13g9  6Notethatthecolumnreferencemaybeeitheranuppercase(capital)orlowervcase(small)letter."TheDCALCscreenisdividedintoanumberofareas:Ü $examples x n %-5=EMU\dlT  :A::B::C::D::E::F::G::H::I::J::K::L:`1  |`2  |`3  |(4  POSITIONBARS”5  ”6  ”7  ”8  ö9   ¤ D %ä -„ 5$WORKSPACE”10  ”11  ”12  ”13  ”14  ”15  ”16  ”17  ”18  ”19  ”20  ”21  ”22  ”23  ”24  ”25  ”26  ”27  ”28  &MESSAGE/MENUAREA&INPUTAREAÐ main x� U<Ü  C,Thepositionbarsidentfycolumn/rowvalues,spreadsheetdataisdisplayedin  theworkspace,statusmessagesandmenulistsappearinthemessage/menuarea,5andtheinputareaisusedforanyinputrequired.  E.Movementwithintheworkspaceismadewiththecursorkeys.Thecurrentcell  �x(andanythingitcontains)ishighlightedonthescreen,andamessageis€€€ x�main x� U< È  lUdisplayedidentifyingthecoulumn/rowofthecurrentcell,anditstypeandMcontents,forexample: ,B13Text[Hello] ,F2Value[11.98]w ,Z23Expression[E4:E12*0.15]Ç ,G17Empty .ThePCWscreenislargeenoughtoviewonlyaportionoftheentireworkspace atatime.Asyoumoveoutofthecurrentscreen,the'window'ontheworkspace„movestokeepthecursor/currentcellinview.  «”ToexecuteaDCALCcommand,firstpressthe/keyonthekeyboard.This±presentsthefirstlevelmenu:Üæ ,QuitFileTextNumberExpressionDeleteCalculateÜ Toselectacommand,typethefirstletterofthecommandname,orhittheEXIT  keytoreturnwithoutselectingacommand.SelectingtheFileoptionactivatesaëfurthermenu:Üò ,SaveLoadPrintClearÜÔToENTERDATA: ,,SelectText/Number/Expressionasrequired.Entertheappropriatedata(in ,  oXtheinputarea).TheEXITkeyabandonsthecommand,otherwisehittheçRETURNkeytoenterthedatainthecurrentcell. ÈÃToDELETEDATA:” ,SelectDelete.Thedataassociatedwiththecurrentcellisdeleted.(ToCLEARTHEWORKSPACE:1 , HSelectFile,thenClear.Youwillbepromptedtoconfirmtheactionif ,ªyoureplywithyorYtheworkspacewillbecleared. ÈáToSAVE/LOADaspreadsheet:6 ,MSelectFile,thenSaveorLoadasappropriate.Enteraname(ofupto8 , ª“characters,withoutanextensionDCALCautomaticallyappendstheJextension.DCLtoanyspreadsheetfileitreadsorwrites. ÈToRECALCULATEthecurrentspreadsheet: , SelecttheCalculatecommand.Onentryofexpressions,theexpressionwill ,  ]Fbeevaluatedaccordingtothevaluesalreadypresentintheworkspace.  ¶ŸWithmoredataentered,theresultsoftheseexpressionscouldbe¼€x�main x� U< ,  inconsistent,astheyarenotupdatedautomatically.TheCalculatecommand  V?bringsallexpressionsuptodate.NBallexpressionsareautomaticallyŽrecalculatedwhenaspreadsheetisloaded,andbeforeitisprinted. ȪForfurtherinformationontheseandtheothercommands,seesection3.܀Ȁ x�main x� U< È.2.2ANEXAMPLESPREADSHEETCHICAGOÜ  TheDCALCdisccontainsanexamplespreadsheet,namedCHICAGO.ItisreproducedXbelow,withcomments.ÜÜ $examples x n %-5=EMU\dlT  :A::B::C::D::E::F::G::H::I::J::K::L:”1  Ô2  AccountsforJanuary1989Ô3  =========================”4  5  INCOMEEXPENSES”6  47  fixed950.35Salaryfixed700.51mortgageÄ8  1037.90Interestoninvestments63.00gas/electricity¤9  5000.00Blackmail67.00phoneÄ10  --------200.00creditcardrepayment11  6988.25TOTALfixedincome--------Ä12  1030.51TOTALfixedexpenses”13  ”14  ¤15  extra0.93Pickpocketingextra834.75bribes416  200.00PremiumBondPrize200.00protection¤17  350.21Casino1750.00bail18  ----------------Ä19  551.14TOTALextraincome2784.75TOTALextraexpenses”20  21  ================22  TOTAL7539.39TOTAL3815.2623  ================”24  ”25  ô26  BALANCEformonth3724.13ô27  CARRIEDforward-5432.10”28  ô29  CURRENTbalance-1707.97”30  „31  +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++À x$examples x n %-5=EMU\dl È”32  Ð main x� U<Ü R;CellsA2,B2,C2,A3,B3,C3,B5,A7,C7,etc,etc,areallTextcells.Theyillustratethe  cLimportanceofasensibleandexplanatorylayouttothespreadsheet,withoutbwhichthefiguresaremeaningless.Ü  [DCellsB7,B8,B9,H7,H8,H9,H10,etc,areallNumbers.Theyaretherawdataofany  spreadsheet.Theymaybechangedatanytime,andthespreadsheetrecalculated:  thisenablesthespreadsheettobeusedforwhatifmodelling,perhapsthemost  .powerfulaspectofthistypeofsoftware.Forexample,toassesstheinfluence  ¢‹ofadecreaseinBlackmailrevenuesfrom$5000.00(don'tforgetwe'rein�P€€ x�main x� U< È 1CHICAGO)to$500.00,itissimplyacaseofdeletingtheoldcellvalue,addinguthenewone,andrecalculatingthespreadsheet.Ü  Ö¿CellsB11,H12,F26,etc,areExpressions.Thisiswheretheworkofa½spreadsheetisdone.Theparticularexpressionshereare:ý ,B11 �B7:B9(totalofcellvaluesincolumnBfromrow7to9)6 ,H12 �H7:H10(asabove,columnHrow7to10)O ,F26 � fB22H22(differenceofcellvaluesB22andH22.NBthevaluesin �äthesetwocellsarethemselvesexpressions!) ÈJExpressionformatisdiscussedingreaterdetailinsection3.5Ü�€ x�main x� U< Èó3.DCALCCommandReferenceÜ ToinvokeaDCALCcommand.pressthe/key,thenselectamenuitembypressing  theinitialletterofthatitem.Atanystage,hittingEXITabandonsthecurrent  A*menuorcommandinput.Ifacommandrequiresinput(dataentryincells,file  L5namesforload/save/print),hittheRETURNkeytoterminateandacceptinput,theEXITkeytoabandontheoperation.ÜJ3.1QUIT´Keysequence:/qŸQuitthecurrentDCALCsession.  ;$DCALCpromptsforconfirmation.Ifaccepted(y/Y),youwillbereturnedtothe£CP/Mprompt(A>).Üœ3.2FILECOMMANDS+3.2.1Load¥Keysequence:/fl LoadaDCALCspreadsheet.  Enteraspreadsheetname(upto8letters,withNOCP/Mfilenameextension:the5default.DCLisassumed).Afterloading,allexpressionvaluesarerecalculatedÜ*3.2.2Save¢Keysequence:/fs SaveaDCALCspreadsheet.  -Enteraspreadsheetname(asLoad).Ifthespreadsheetalreadyexistsyouwill‚bepromptedforconfirmationtooverwritetheexistingfile.Ü3.2.3Clear£Keysequence:/fcüCleartheDCALCworkspace.  2Youwillbepromptedforconfirmation.Ifaccepted(y/Y)theworkspacewillbe€cleared,allcellsrevertingtoanemptystate.Ü3.2.4Print¢Keysequence:/fptPrintaDCALCspreadsheettotheprinterortoanASCIIfile.  3Enterafilename(afullCP/Mfilenameisacceptablehere),orpressRETURNto  +acceptprintingtotheattachedprinter(lst:device).Ifafilenameisentered, thefilewillcontainatextrepresentationofthecontentsofthespreadsheet.Ü�È€ x�main x� U< ÈF3.3TEXTµKeysequence:/téEntertextintoDCALCcells +Entertextintheinputarea.Ifthetextenteredislongerthanasinglecell,äitwillbeplacedinadjacentemptycellsasnecessary.Ü3.4NUMBERS´Keysequence:/nEnteranumericvalueinaDCALCcell. fOEnteranumberintheinputarea.Aleadingminussign()isaccepted.Any 6numberofdecimalplaces(uptothe7availableinacell)isaccepted,andis  *maintainedinternally,althoughdisplayvaluesareroundedto2decimalplaces.Invalidnumericinputwillberejected.ÜÆ3.5EXPRESSIONS´Keysequence:/ePEnteranexpresisoninaDCALCcell Thefollowingarevalidinexpressions:p ,Numericvaluesô ,Cellcrossreferencesà ,Cellcolumn/rowtotals¾ ,Thefollowingoperators: , �+ ôadditionå , � ôsubtraction´ , �* ômultiplication! , �/ ôdivision  · Expressionsareevaluatedstrictlyfromlefttoright,withnooperatorˆprecedenceandnoparentheses.Thefollowingareexamplesofexpressions:é ,3.1214 ôAsinglenumericvaluemaybeheldasanexpression7 ,A17 � ô NAreferencetoavalueorexpressionresultheldinasingle ôkcell È ,B2:B7 ô !Thetotalofallnumericvalues/expressionresultsincolumnB, ôrows2to7inclusive. È} ,A3:Y3 ô ”Thetotalofallnumericvaluesinrow3,columnsAtoY ôinclusive. ȳ ,B3:B12*0.15» ,A2+A3*A4/7.3(NBorderofevaluation!)�$€ x�main x� U< È :#Ifacellreferencedinanexpressionisempty,orholdsaTEXTvalue,itwill  ˆqevaluatetozerointheexpression.WARNINGifanexpressionreferencesÉitself,eitherdirectlyorindirectly,theresultwillbeunpredictable.Ü$3.6DELETE´Keysequence:/d­Deleteacellintheworkspace]Removesacellfromtheworkspace.Üë3.7CALCULATEµKeysequence:/cRecalculatesallworkspaceexpressions.Ü �¬€ x�main x� U< È 4.SharewareRegistrationÜ  ~gSharewareisarelativelyrecentdevelopmentinthedistributionofpublic  ”}domainsoftware.Ifsoftwareisdescribedasshareware,youmaycopyand  /distributeitfreely,withallassociateddocumentation,aslongasthisisnot doneforprofit.Ifasauseryouarepleasedwiththeproduct,itiscustomary  3tosendasmalldonationtothesoftware'sauthor.Thisgenerallyentitlesyou¿totechnicalsupport,upgradesandextensions,andsoon.Ü`PlannedupgradesforDCALCincludeÌ ,flexibleformattingofspreadsheetcolumnwidthsÆ ,formattingofnumeric/expressionvalues(05decimalplaces)¯ ,improvedexpressionhandling,withextrafunctions” ,extraprintingfunctions„ ,sidewaysprintingutilityÜ " IfyouhavefoundDCALCuseful,andwouldliketoregisterasasharewareuser 8!oftheproduct,pleasecompletetheformonthenextpageandsendit,withamchequefor£5.00,toܘ ,DavidHarvey ,58SeverallsAvenueñ ,Chesham` ,Buckinghamshireò ,HP53ELÜ  Registrationwillentitleyoutofreeupgradesastheybecomeavailable,andto}technicalsupportandassistance.ÜÜ �8€ x�main x� U< ÈÜÅ !ªDCALCSHAREWAREREGISTRATIONܰName , � ô 7°°Address � ô 7°° , � ô 7°° , � ô 7°° , � ô 7°Ü¶WhendidyouacquireDCALC? 7°JHowdidyouacquireDCALC?(tickasappropriate)X ,PublicDomainSoftwareDistributor(pleasespecifywhich)Ð ,BulletinBoard(pleasespecifywhich)” ,Anotheruserã ,Other(pleasespecify)ܰ , � ô 7°Ü  K4IfyouhaveanycommentsonDCALC,orsuggestionsforpossibleimprovements,¸pleaselistthemhere(theymayfindtheirwayintothenextrelease!):ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ $Ð=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=LSendto:� ,DavidHarvey,58SeverallsAvenue,Chesham,Buckinghamshire,HP53EL