JOY 5  hMkIz k phlI Y%z kZ-KiZ-K*L"˳5Ckx UA7L%Iz kx U<?U&վ z kx n %-5=EMU\dlL$ЦIz xx UL$ЦIz x UL$ЦIz ~x UL$ЦIz }x UL$ЦIz |x UL$ЦIz sx UL$ЦIz rx UStandard ++Y"zٺۻ[X۩zתڪRj}[Y{"wDdzwzz̼ݩywںۻxp陘ۚyۨ xpagination x UA   DCALCUserManualx xpagination x UA  %?page===x xpagination x UA x xpagination x UA x xmain x U<  &DCALC *QVersion1.0e zAspreadsheetfortheAmstradPCW !DavidHarveyNovember1988 xmain x U< B $iCONTENTSV ,1.Introduction ;3d ,2.UsingDCALC ;4 , 2.1Fundamentals ;4Y , 2.2AnexamplespreadsheetChicago ;6{ ,3.DCALCCommandReference ;8o , 3.1Quit ;8 , 3.2FileCommands ;8 ,  3.2.1Load ;8 ,  3.2.2Save ;8 ,  3.2.3Clear ;8 ,  3.2.4Print ;8m , 3.3Text ;91 , 3.4Numbers ;9 , 3.5Expressions ;98 , 3.6Delete :10 , 3.7Calculate :10 ,4.Sharewareregistration :11 x xmain x U< 1.Introduction  DCALCisasimplespreadsheetprogramfortheAMSTRADPCWcomputer.Itsfeaturesinclude: , workspaceof60rows,26columns3 , menudrivencommandentryF , entertext,numericvalues,expressionsp ,  expressionsmayuse+*/,andcanreferenceothercellsand row/celltotals  ,  spreadsheetsmaybeprinteddirect,ortoASCIIfilesfor  incorporationintootherdocumentsusefulforproductionofreports.  gPTorunDCALC,firstloadCP/MfromthePCWsystemdisc,thenplacethedisc  holdingtheDCALCprogram(DCALC.COM)intheappropriatediscdrive.AttheCP/Mprompt(A>)type ,DCALCthenhittheRETURNkey.  Foruptotheminutedocumentation,seethefileREAD.MEontheDCALCdistributiondisc.<Softwareanddocumentation(c)1988DavidHarvey  xmain x U< 2.UsingDCALC2.1FUNDAMENTALS ^GAspreadsheetisbestthoughtofasalargepieceofpaper,dividedupina 0regulargrid.Thepageisoftencalledaworkspace,andthespacesinthegrid  >'arereferredtoascells.Cellsareidentifiedbytheircolumn(specifiedbya/letter,AZ)androw(anumber,160).Thefollowingarevalidcellreferences: ,A12Z60b13g9  6Notethatthecolumnreferencemaybeeitheranuppercase(capital)orlowervcase(small)letter."TheDCALCscreenisdividedintoanumberofareas: $examples x n %-5=EMU\dlT  :A::B::C::D::E::F::G::H::I::J::K::L:`1  |`2  |`3  |(4  POSITIONBARS5  6  7  8  9    D % - 5$WORKSPACE10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18  19  20  21  22  23  24  25  26  27  28  &MESSAGE/MENUAREA&INPUTAREA main x U<  C,Thepositionbarsidentfycolumn/rowvalues,spreadsheetdataisdisplayedin  theworkspace,statusmessagesandmenulistsappearinthemessage/menuarea,5andtheinputareaisusedforanyinputrequired.  E.Movementwithintheworkspaceismadewiththecursorkeys.Thecurrentcell  x(andanythingitcontains)ishighlightedonthescreen,andamessageis xmain x U<  lUdisplayedidentifyingthecoulumn/rowofthecurrentcell,anditstypeandMcontents,forexample: ,B13Text[Hello] ,F2Value[11.98]w ,Z23Expression[E4:E12*0.15] ,G17Empty .ThePCWscreenislargeenoughtoviewonlyaportionoftheentireworkspace atatime.Asyoumoveoutofthecurrentscreen,the'window'ontheworkspacemovestokeepthecursor/currentcellinview.  ToexecuteaDCALCcommand,firstpressthe/keyonthekeyboard.Thispresentsthefirstlevelmenu: ,QuitFileTextNumberExpressionDeleteCalculate Toselectacommand,typethefirstletterofthecommandname,orhittheEXIT  keytoreturnwithoutselectingacommand.SelectingtheFileoptionactivatesafurthermenu: ,SaveLoadPrintClearToENTERDATA: ,,SelectText/Number/Expressionasrequired.Entertheappropriatedata(in ,  oXtheinputarea).TheEXITkeyabandonsthecommand,otherwisehittheRETURNkeytoenterthedatainthecurrentcell. ToDELETEDATA: ,SelectDelete.Thedataassociatedwiththecurrentcellisdeleted.(ToCLEARTHEWORKSPACE:1 , HSelectFile,thenClear.Youwillbepromptedtoconfirmtheactionif ,youreplywithyorYtheworkspacewillbecleared. ToSAVE/LOADaspreadsheet:6 ,MSelectFile,thenSaveorLoadasappropriate.Enteraname(ofupto8 , characters,withoutanextensionDCALCautomaticallyappendstheJextension.DCLtoanyspreadsheetfileitreadsorwrites. ToRECALCULATEthecurrentspreadsheet: , SelecttheCalculatecommand.Onentryofexpressions,theexpressionwill ,  ]Fbeevaluatedaccordingtothevaluesalreadypresentintheworkspace.  Withmoredataentered,theresultsoftheseexpressionscouldbexmain x U< ,  inconsistent,astheyarenotupdatedautomatically.TheCalculatecommand  V?bringsallexpressionsuptodate.NBallexpressionsareautomaticallyrecalculatedwhenaspreadsheetisloaded,andbeforeitisprinted. Forfurtherinformationontheseandtheothercommands,seesection3. xmain x U< .2.2ANEXAMPLESPREADSHEETCHICAGO  TheDCALCdisccontainsanexamplespreadsheet,namedCHICAGO.ItisreproducedXbelow,withcomments. $examples x n %-5=EMU\dlT  :A::B::C::D::E::F::G::H::I::J::K::L:1  2  AccountsforJanuary19893  =========================4  5  INCOMEEXPENSES6  47  fixed950.35Salaryfixed700.51mortgage8  1037.90Interestoninvestments63.00gas/electricity9  5000.00Blackmail67.00phone10  --------200.00creditcardrepayment11  6988.25TOTALfixedincome--------12  1030.51TOTALfixedexpenses13  14  15  extra0.93Pickpocketingextra834.75bribes416  200.00PremiumBondPrize200.00protection17  350.21Casino1750.00bail18  ----------------19  551.14TOTALextraincome2784.75TOTALextraexpenses20  21  ================22  TOTAL7539.39TOTAL3815.2623  ================24  25  26  BALANCEformonth3724.1327  CARRIEDforward-5432.1028  29  CURRENTbalance-1707.9730  31  +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ x$examples x n %-5=EMU\dl 32   main x U< R;CellsA2,B2,C2,A3,B3,C3,B5,A7,C7,etc,etc,areallTextcells.Theyillustratethe  cLimportanceofasensibleandexplanatorylayouttothespreadsheet,withoutbwhichthefiguresaremeaningless.  [DCellsB7,B8,B9,H7,H8,H9,H10,etc,areallNumbers.Theyaretherawdataofany  spreadsheet.Theymaybechangedatanytime,andthespreadsheetrecalculated:  thisenablesthespreadsheettobeusedforwhatifmodelling,perhapsthemost  .powerfulaspectofthistypeofsoftware.Forexample,toassesstheinfluence  ofadecreaseinBlackmailrevenuesfrom$5000.00(don'tforgetwe'reinP xmain x U< 1CHICAGO)to$500.00,itissimplyacaseofdeletingtheoldcellvalue,addinguthenewone,andrecalculatingthespreadsheet.  CellsB11,H12,F26,etc,areExpressions.Thisiswheretheworkofaspreadsheetisdone.Theparticularexpressionshereare: ,B11 B7:B9(totalofcellvaluesincolumnBfromrow7to9)6 ,H12 H7:H10(asabove,columnHrow7to10)O ,F26  fB22H22(differenceofcellvaluesB22andH22.NBthevaluesin thesetwocellsarethemselvesexpressions!) JExpressionformatisdiscussedingreaterdetailinsection3.5 xmain x U< 3.DCALCCommandReference ToinvokeaDCALCcommand.pressthe/key,thenselectamenuitembypressing  theinitialletterofthatitem.Atanystage,hittingEXITabandonsthecurrent  A*menuorcommandinput.Ifacommandrequiresinput(dataentryincells,file  L5namesforload/save/print),hittheRETURNkeytoterminateandacceptinput,theEXITkeytoabandontheoperation.J3.1QUITKeysequence:/qQuitthecurrentDCALCsession.  ;$DCALCpromptsforconfirmation.Ifaccepted(y/Y),youwillbereturnedtotheCP/Mprompt(A>).3.2FILECOMMANDS+3.2.1LoadKeysequence:/fl LoadaDCALCspreadsheet.  Enteraspreadsheetname(upto8letters,withNOCP/Mfilenameextension:the5default.DCLisassumed).Afterloading,allexpressionvaluesarerecalculated*3.2.2SaveKeysequence:/fs SaveaDCALCspreadsheet.  -Enteraspreadsheetname(asLoad).Ifthespreadsheetalreadyexistsyouwillbepromptedforconfirmationtooverwritetheexistingfile.3.2.3ClearKeysequence:/fcCleartheDCALCworkspace.  2Youwillbepromptedforconfirmation.Ifaccepted(y/Y)theworkspacewillbecleared,allcellsrevertingtoanemptystate.3.2.4PrintKeysequence:/fptPrintaDCALCspreadsheettotheprinterortoanASCIIfile.  3Enterafilename(afullCP/Mfilenameisacceptablehere),orpressRETURNto  +acceptprintingtotheattachedprinter(lst:device).Ifafilenameisentered, thefilewillcontainatextrepresentationofthecontentsofthespreadsheet. xmain x U< F3.3TEXTKeysequence:/tEntertextintoDCALCcells +Entertextintheinputarea.Ifthetextenteredislongerthanasinglecell,itwillbeplacedinadjacentemptycellsasnecessary.3.4NUMBERSKeysequence:/nEnteranumericvalueinaDCALCcell. fOEnteranumberintheinputarea.Aleadingminussign()isaccepted.Any 6numberofdecimalplaces(uptothe7availableinacell)isaccepted,andis  *maintainedinternally,althoughdisplayvaluesareroundedto2decimalplaces.Invalidnumericinputwillberejected.3.5EXPRESSIONSKeysequence:/ePEnteranexpresisoninaDCALCcell Thefollowingarevalidinexpressions:p ,Numericvalues ,Cellcrossreferences ,Cellcolumn/rowtotals ,Thefollowingoperators: , + addition ,  subtraction , * multiplication! , / division  Expressionsareevaluatedstrictlyfromlefttoright,withnooperatorprecedenceandnoparentheses.Thefollowingareexamplesofexpressions: ,3.1214 Asinglenumericvaluemaybeheldasanexpression7 ,A17   NAreferencetoavalueorexpressionresultheldinasingle kcell  ,B2:B7  !Thetotalofallnumericvalues/expressionresultsincolumnB, rows2to7inclusive. } ,A3:Y3  Thetotalofallnumericvaluesinrow3,columnsAtoY inclusive.  ,B3:B12*0.15 ,A2+A3*A4/7.3(NBorderofevaluation!)$ xmain x U< :#Ifacellreferencedinanexpressionisempty,orholdsaTEXTvalue,itwill  qevaluatetozerointheexpression.WARNINGifanexpressionreferencesitself,eitherdirectlyorindirectly,theresultwillbeunpredictable.$3.6DELETEKeysequence:/dDeleteacellintheworkspace]Removesacellfromtheworkspace.3.7CALCULATEKeysequence:/cRecalculatesallworkspaceexpressions.  xmain x U<  4.SharewareRegistration  ~gSharewareisarelativelyrecentdevelopmentinthedistributionofpublic  }domainsoftware.Ifsoftwareisdescribedasshareware,youmaycopyand  /distributeitfreely,withallassociateddocumentation,aslongasthisisnot doneforprofit.Ifasauseryouarepleasedwiththeproduct,itiscustomary  3tosendasmalldonationtothesoftware'sauthor.Thisgenerallyentitlesyoutotechnicalsupport,upgradesandextensions,andsoon.`PlannedupgradesforDCALCinclude ,flexibleformattingofspreadsheetcolumnwidths ,formattingofnumeric/expressionvalues(05decimalplaces) ,improvedexpressionhandling,withextrafunctions ,extraprintingfunctions ,sidewaysprintingutility " IfyouhavefoundDCALCuseful,andwouldliketoregisterasasharewareuser 8!oftheproduct,pleasecompletetheformonthenextpageandsendit,withamchequefor5.00,to ,DavidHarvey ,58SeverallsAvenue ,Chesham` ,Buckinghamshire ,HP53EL  Registrationwillentitleyoutofreeupgradesastheybecomeavailable,andto}technicalsupportandassistance. 8 xmain x U<  !DCALCSHAREWAREREGISTRATIONName ,   7Address   7 ,   7 ,   7 ,   7WhendidyouacquireDCALC? 7JHowdidyouacquireDCALC?(tickasappropriate)X ,PublicDomainSoftwareDistributor(pleasespecifywhich) ,BulletinBoard(pleasespecifywhich) ,Anotheruser ,Other(pleasespecify) ,   7  K4IfyouhaveanycommentsonDCALC,orsuggestionsforpossibleimprovements,pleaselistthemhere(theymayfindtheirwayintothenextrelease!): $=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=LSendto: ,DavidHarvey,58SeverallsAvenue,Chesham,Buckinghamshire,HP53EL