Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 151 The syntax of ZCOMM's redirection differs from that used by DOS and UNIX. ZCOMM's output must be redirected before the command(s) are given, and the redirection stays in effect until explicitly canceled. ZCOMM's command prompt is not redirected. EXAMPLE: bdump file0 kill >file1 dump file0 close Dumps the contents of the modem input buffer to file0. Output is then redirected to file1 and contents of file0 are displayed in side by side hex/ascii format. Note that the create and t filename commands do not redirect utility command output to the file. 19.1 Function Key Commands Some function keys are recognized at the command prompt. Function key commands may not be mixed with any other character. For example, keyboarding "t PgUp" elicits an error bell. Some scrips redefine the function keys. The standard assignments may be restored with a gosub setup command. F2 From the command prompt, F2 enters term function. SEE ALSO: t [file] command Up Select the previous command in the command stack for reentry. Down Select the next command in the command stack for reentry. Home,PgUp,End Enter the review function. F3...F10 Function keys F3 to F10 are programmed by set commands in the "setup" directory in the distributed telephone directory. The key definitions in PHODIR.t may be modified or removed at your discretion. F3 Receives files with YMODEM protocol, or XMODEM. [22] __________ 22. ZCOMM generates a file name if the sending program does not provide one. (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Function Key Commands Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 152 F4 Invokes TurboLearn Script Writer(TM) to record keystrokes and computer dialog, then generates a script using this information. If ZCOMM is not currently connected to a system, the script called by F4 prompts the user for telephone number, baud rate, and parity. When recording is finished, the script prompts for a pathname to store the completed TruboDial script in. F5 On Unix systems, begin background operation and issue a sub shell for the user. ZCOMM operation proceeds with screen output suppressed. If ZCOMM should require keyboard input before the user returns, ZCOMM waits for the user to return. F6 Prompts for a file name, then receives that file with the XMODEM- CRC protocol. ZCOMM will revert to the basic XMODEM protocol after a few timeouts if the sender does not support CRC-16. F7 Prompts for a file name, then transmits that file with XMODEM protocol. If the file name includes wildcard characters, or if more than one file name is given, or if a directory name is given, YMODEM protocol will be used. F8 Generates and transmits a password based on the called system's name and the string parameter xpassword. * This command is valid only when called from the term function. F9 Calls a script to add a new system entry to the Telephone Directory. The script prompts for a system name, and checks for duplications with entries currently in the Phone Directory. The script prompts for comments which will display when that system is called. Speed and parity are then prompted for, and the entry is added to the end of the Phone Directory. F10 Invokes the "help" command or help processor. Shift-F1 List the Phone directory. Shift-F2 Search Phone Directory for system names matching user supplied string. Shift-F3 List voice calls in the Phone Directory. Shift-F4 Disconnect the modem from telephone line (hang it up). Shift-F5 Prompt for a system name and add a command to call it to the circular dialing queue. List the queue contents. Shift-F6 Run (execute) the circular dialing queue. The following function keys are valid at the main command prompt, from the term function, and from the review function. (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Function Key Commands Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 153 Ctrl-Home Resets display modes and clears the screen. ALT-C Writes the circular buffer to disk and closes any open send or receive file(s). ZCOMM complains if no files were open. SEE ALSO: close command ALT-D Lists the current directory of the default disk. SEE ALSO: dirr command ALT-M Toggles keyboard mapping. SEE ALSO: display mapkb command, N numeric parameter ALT-R Enter the review function. SEE ALSO: review command ALT-S Displays status on the local screen only, even if ZCOMM is in host operation. SEE ALSO: s command ALT-U Toggles Upper case conversion of keyboard and file characters sent with the term function ( t, f, F2 commands). The answerback and programmed strings are not affected. Protocol file transfers are not affected. The u mode is reset by the call command. SEE ALSO: u mode ALT-W Writes the circular buffer to the receive file. Equivalent to the main w command. SEE ALSO: w command F1...FA10 etc. The Soft Keys can be programmed (with "set" commands) either to send a string of characters to the remote or to invoke a ZCOMM command sequence. Iff the string begins with "@", the remainder of the string is treated as a ZCOMM command. No strings are sent to the remote from the command prompt or from the review function. The soft keys can be changed for each remote system or different application programs, with set commands embedded in the appropriate telephone directory entry. The ALT-K key displays the strings assigned to these keys. There are 48 soft keys, f1 to f12,fs1 to fs12,fc1 to fc12,fa1 to fa12, plus some of the cursor keys. ( fs1 is obtained by Shift-F1. fc1 is obtained by Ctrl-F1. fa1 is obtained by Alt-F1.) In (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Function Key Commands Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 154 addition, the cursor keys may be reassigned to send strings to the remote when in the term function. To list them, set the v (verbose) parameter non zero ("pv1"), then give a "set" command. Most soft keys have names beginning with f, and are described in Chapter 25. 19.2 Browse Command BROwse pathspec browses through the specified files. If pathspec is empty, all files are presented. For each matched pathname, the filename, date, and length are displayed. The status line displays some of the possible (one letter) commands. EXAMPLE: >>>c:bro *.c CFLOW.C 13:18:10 02-25-86 6072 ? app, back, copy, Del, mv, next, page, sz, S, quit, {rR}ead, usq, view, !, @ a, A Prompts for a pathname and then appends the current file to it. Both DOS and CP/M format files are handled correctly. The A choice then deletes the file. b Backs up to the previous file. Browse will not back up past a deleted or renamed file. c prompts for a target pathname. The resulting DOS command copy file target is executed by a copy of COMMAND.COM. Target may include the switches available with the DOS copy command. The pathnames given must be legal for DOS, with \ separating directories from filenames.[23] EXAMPLE: c Copy to: a: SEE ALSO: "HINT" below D Deletes the file. SP, CR skip to the next file. r, R The R subcommand first kills the circular buffer. Then read the file (or as much as will fit) into the circular buffer, then call the review function. The review function subcommands can be used to __________ 23. Unless the DOS SWITCHAR has been changed to "/". (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Browse Command Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 155 page back and forth through the file, write portions of the buffer to files, and so on. If review is exited with the file still open, browse closes it. This subcommand is not available if Restricted. SEE ALSO: review function n Sends the file with the ZMODEM n option (send file only if the source is newer than the destination). S sends the selected file with XMODEM protocol. The user must start an XMODEM receive on the other machine. s sends the selected file with ZMODEM or YMODEM Protocol and 1kb packets. If the other program has ZMODEM AutoDownload enabled (Z mode) the file transmission will be automatic. Otherwise, the user must start a YMODEM or ZMODEM receive on the other machine. The s and S subcommands are useful when issued by a remote caller browsing through files in a directory. t Tail reads the tail of the file into the circular buffer and displays the last 24 lines. Q, X Quit ends the file list. X is provided for the convenience of users accustomed to the wash and sweep programs. V, Ctrl-V View the file, whether it is a regular or SQueezed file. ! prompts for a DOS command and then attempts to execute it. Some DOS commands that might be useful are rename, del, print, move, emacs, mince, edlin, chkdsk, and chmod. When entering the DOS command, a keyboarded % is replaced by the pathname of the currently selected file. Please refer to the ! command for details and caveats. EXAMPLE: !emacs % calls EMACS to edit the selected file. @ Prompts for a ZCOMM command, and then executes that command as if it had been entered at the main command prompt. The @ subcommand should not be used for any command that involves file names. EXAMPLE: @display vt100 * Any other letter redisplays the file information and repeats the prompt. After the file list is exhausted, ZCOMM prints the free storage remaining on the default disk. HINT: Use a directory command to change the order in which the files (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Browse Command Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 156 are presented for the browse command. For example, assume we have a directory src on drive c: (hard disk) and a floppy drive F: with a scratch disk inserted. The command sequence dirt f: browse c:/src displays each file in the src directory beginning with the newest. Typing c tells ZCOMM you want to copy the file. When ZCOMM asks for the filename, just hit and the file is copied. (The resulting command to command.com is "COPY c:/src/file"). This sequence may be used to "clean up" a directory. 19.3 DOS Gateway A "Shell Escape" or "DOS Gateway" executes a DOS COMMAND (a program or command) as a subroutine. If the first non white-space character of the line is !, the entire line, less the !, is executed as a DOS command, as if it were typed to DOS in the absence of ZCOMM. If the ! command is not the first command on the line, the command string must conform to ZCOMM's rules pertaining to strings. DOS Gateways are not allowed if ZCOMM is RESTRICTED. If the next character is % the rest of the command is processed for string substitutions. If DOS fails to execute COMMAND.COM, (actually, the program specified in COMSPEC), the message Shell Escape DOS error return = N is displayed. The usual DOS error returns are 1002,1005,1008,1010, and 1011, which are the DOS error return values + 1000: 2 File not found (COMMAND.COM) 5 Access Denied 8 Insufficient memory 10 Invalid environment 11 Invalid format Return values less than 1000 are returned by the application but are lost by current versions of COMMAND.COM. The return value is saved in the ? numeric parameter and may be tested with the ? test condition. EXAMPLE: !whereis thebeef.* Uses the public domain WHEREIS.COM program to find certain files on the hard disk. EXAMPLE: !dir >foo Generate a directory listing, with output redirected by DOS to foo. (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 DOS Gateway Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 157 The command line keys !dir keys displays the soft keys, executes a DOS "dir" command without arguments, and then displays the soft keys again, while the command line !dir keys calls DOS to print directory information for the file keys. ! commands are interpreted by DOS's COMMAND.COM; Batch files and built-in commands may be invoked as well as programs. Some useful DOS built-in commands are rename, copy, date, and time. Caution should be exercised with commands that affect disk files if ZCOMM has files open at the time. Programs that remain resident in low memory (such as spoolers) should NOT be invoked from ZCOMM unless they are already resident, as memory would become fragmented. Invoking the DOS "print" command (if print isn't already resident) has caused DOS to crash when ZCOMM exits. Memory available for !command will be less than when the command is given directly to DOS without ZCOMM running. The command "!chkdsk" will display the amount of memory available for subprograms. NOTE: Some commands under some conditions may cause DOS to crash immediately, after more commands are given, or when the user attempts to return to DOS, especially if insufficient memory is available. The EXEC functions of nonstandard operating systems are notorious sources of interesting debugging experiences. Before executing a ! command, ZCOMM restores the modem port's Interrupt Service Routine's previous interrupt vector and interrupt enable bits. ZCOMM also synchronizes the BIOS display driver. After return from the DOS command, ZCOMM enables DTR, the ISR vector, interrupts on the modem port, and resumes direct control of the display. If the command name begins with "%" (per cent sign) the remainder of the command string is processed for string substitution (but not character escapes). EXAMPLE: set s0 this.txt !%mv %s0 bakdir If the command name (after an optional leading "%") begins with ~ (tilde), ZCOMM does NOT restore the modem port's Interrupt Service Routine's previous interrupt vector and interrupt enable bits. The called program may then access the modem with the ROM BIOS interrupt hex 14, which is mapped to ZCOMM's modem service routines during the execution of the !~ command. When the modem is accessed this way, incoming characters are buffered in ZCOMM's interrupt buffer, preventing loss of characters when scrolling above 300 bits per second. Unlike the ROM BIOS routines (which are a compromise to allow driving serial printers), the ZCOMM (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 DOS Gateway Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 158 int 14h handler does not depend on the state of DSR or CTS. This interface allows other programs to perform specialized functions, such as graphic screen operation or special CRT terminal emulation. One such program is COMSH.EXE available on Compuserve's Programmers' Special Interest Group (GO PCS-158).[24] EXAMPLE: !~comsh The ZCOMM BIOS EMULATOR replacing the int 14h modem service routine accepts the standard BIOS INT 14h functions encoded in the AH register as described in the IBM Technical Reference Manual. Since the modem port is selected by ZCOMM, the DX register is ignored. The character ready status bit reflects whether ZCOMM's modem interrupt buffer has one or more characters waiting. The !~ command uses special logic to allow programs to exit gracefully when carrier detect is lost. __________ 24. COMSH supports graphic images transmitted by Compuserve's Weather Radar service. (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Protocol File Transfer OPTIONS Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 159 20. OPTIONS for Protocol File Transfers Options modify the way the protocol file transfer commands send and receive files. They are reset before each command line. The a and b options are mutually exclusive. With ZMODEM, a b option given to the sender or receiver will override any a option. The +, r, N, n, p, and y options are mutually exclusive. The Y option may be followed by the +, r, n, or N option. Specifiying these options to the receiver overrides the ZMODEM sender's specification of these options. + When receiving to a file already on disk, append the new data to the old file (if one exists). This option is not allowed if ZCOMM is Restricted. When sending files with ZMODEM, the + option commands the receiver to append to a file already on the receiver's disk. EXAMPLE: sz -+ ONAME=master.log *.log sends all .log files in the current directory to be appended to master.log on the receiver's computer. NOTE: Append (+) is not the same as crash recovery (-r). Append is used to concatenate (add) new data to an existing file. The resulting file contains both old and new data. NOTE: If an append (+) file transfer is interrupted and restarted, data may be duplicated. SEE ALSO: r option 7 Strip data to 7 bits for file transfers with the Kermit protocol. Program executables and other 8 bit binary files cannot be sent this way. In the absence of the 7 option ZCOMM transfers all 8 bits of each byte. If the communications line is set to 8 bits no parity, the 8th bit is tranmitted, otherwise ZCOMM requests 8th bit quoting. NOTE: The 7 option is distinct from the 7e and 7o modes. a (ASCII) The a option applies to files received with XMODEM, YMODEM, or ZMODEM protocol. It converts newlines not preceded by CR to CR/LF pairs. NULL, RUBOUT, and all characters in each packet beginning with Ctrl-Z are excluded. The a option is useful when receiving text files without carriage returns directly from Unix systems. When sending with ZMODEM, the a option instructs the receiver to convert text files to the conventions used in its operating environment. When sending to VAX/VMS RZ this selects CR carriage control variable length record format. (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Protocol File Transfer OPTIONS Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 160 The a option does not apply to Kermit. Files transferred with the a option cannot be processed with the ZMODEM r (recover/resume) option. EXAMPLE: rc -a program.c receives program.c and converts end of lines to CR/LF. b (Binary) With ZMODEM, inhibits the receiver from translating the file contents. If either the ZMODEM sender or receiver specifies b option, any contrary requests will be ignored. EXAMPLE: sz -b program.exe c Use CRC-16 with the rx, rt, and r7 commands. e Normally, ZMODEM senders escape XON, XOFF, Ctrl-P, CR-@-CR, and Ctrl-X, and ZMODEM receivers ignore XON and XOFF. The e option escape all control characters when sending files with the ZMODEM protocol. In 7-bit environments, the e option also escapes RUBOUT (7F).[1] This option is useful when operating with brain damaged data PBX systems and other types of "front ends". SEE ALSO: zmtxesc, zmrxesc string parameters E With ZMODEM-90, force 8th bit encoding even if the transmission medium appears to support 8 bits.[2] f Send the full pathname as specified (exclusive of disk identifier) when using a batch send command. Normally only the file name portion (without any directory prefix) is transmitted. The f option applies to batch file transmission with the kermit sb, sb, send, and sz commands. EXAMPLE: cd /src; sz -f robot/r2d2.h sends the file with the pathname robot/r2d2.h. EXAMPLE: sz -f /src/robot/vox/3tpi0.* SEE ALSO: PREFIX=p flag for the sb and sz commands. __________ 1. In 7-bit environments, ZMODEM always escapes FF. 2. Not featured in DSZ.COM. (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Protocol File Transfer OPTIONS Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 161 F Insert a pause after each transmitted data subpacket transmitted with ZMODEM. This is useful in certain situations when conventional flow control methods are unavailable, ineffective, or unreasonably slow (i.e., "broken"). The length of pause is set by the zmodem F numeric parameter. EXAMPLE: sz -F honker.dat SEE ALSO: zmodem F numeric parameter g Given to the receiving program, the g option to the rb command allows the sender and receiver to dispense with acknowledging each transmitted packet when using YMODEM batch transfers. YMODEM-g increases throughput when the transmitting medium itself (direct connection, X.PC session, or error correcting modems) provides error free transmission. The transmitting medium can use XOFF and XON to enforce flow control. If the transmitting medium does not enforce flow control,[3] the user must insure the receiver is not overrun. ZCOMM on a PC or XT accepts data at 9600 bps without flow control when the file is being written to a hard disk or ramdisk.[4] If an error is detected when the g option is used, the transfer is aborted. EXAMPLE: rb -g The g option may also be used with the rx command to receive files from Qmodem's G protocol. i With YMODEM or ZMODEM, instructs the receiver to write file(s) in stream oriented Image format. When sending to the VAX/VMS version of rz, the i option selects Stream_LF record format. Stream_LF preserves the exact contents of binary files read by VMS C programs. Stream_LF is useful for file servers and archives that service PCs, as well as C programs on VMS itself. (Without the i option, the VMS rz default is 512 byte fixed length record format.) __________ 3. X.PC automatically enforces end to end flow control. 4. Provided no memory resident programs or special drivers hog CPU cycles. (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Protocol File Transfer OPTIONS Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 162 I With YMODEM or ZMODEM, instructs the receiver to write file(s) in variable length binary record Image format. When sending to the VAX/VMS version of rz, the i option selects Variable length (mrs=510) binary record format. Certain programs such as Kermit32 understand this binary record format better than Stream_LF. k Use 1024 byte (1K) packets with the sb and sx commands. The default packet length is 128. This increases throughput when the speed is high relative to the response times of the communications channel and the computers. The k option is useful with 9600 or 19200 bps transfers with directly connected timesharing systems. The k option may not work properly uploading to some systems, particularly heavily loaded or poorly implemented timesharing systems at high speeds. The k option is valid only when sending to ZCOMM, Unix rb, or other compatible programs. If the file length is not a multiple of 1024, the remainder of the file will be sent with 128 byte blocks. This option does not affect Kermit transfers. EXAMPLE: sb -k *.c *.h With the sz command, the k option forces an initial 1024 byte subpacket length. EXAMPLE: sz -k *.c *.h l Force incoming pathnames that are all uppercase to lower case. This is reset by the call command. This option is ignored on DOS and OS/2. m (ZMODEM-90) Activate MobyTurbo(TM) for maximum throughput on compressed files sent over completely transparent connections. MobyTurbo can be used over links that support YMODEM-g. Moby Turbo can not be used with most forms of software flow control or over networks that reserve control characters. M Locks out Moby Turbo even if the other program has given the m option. This option is useful if the transmission path does not support complete transparency. n (ZMODEM) Each file is transferred if the corresponding destination file does not exist, or if the source file is newer. The n option can be given with either the sz or rz commands. This option is not allowed if the receiver is Restricted. EXAMPLE: sz -n *.* attempts to send all files in the current directory. Only those files that do not exist in the destination directory, and those for which the source is newer will be sent. (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Protocol File Transfer OPTIONS Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 163 N (ZMODEM) Transfer the file if the corresponding destination file does not exist, or if the source file is newer or longer. The N option be used with the sz and rz commands. This option is not allowed if the receiver is Restricted. EXAMPLE: sz -N *.* p (ZMODEM) Protect destination file; bypass this file if it already exists on the destination system. P (ZMODEM-90) When transferring files over 7 bit paths, pack 4 8-bit bytes into 5 7-bit bytes for transmission instead of quoting the 8th bit.[5] This increases transmission speed on compressed files. q (Quiet) suppresses block by block status line update during Kermit and X/YMODEM file transfers. Also prevents skipped files from incrementing the e numeric parameter and e test condition. r (ZMODEM) Resume/Recover an interrupted file transfer with the ZMODEM protocol. May be given with either the sz or rz commands. The r option may be used to resume the transmission of a long file after a disconnect or power loss, without having to start over at the beginning of the file. The r option may also be used when the source file grows from time to time and only the incremental portion needs to be sent. The r option assumes that the contents of the destination file are identical to the corresponding beginning portion of the source file. The r option should not be applied to a file that has been modified by the a option. This option is not allowed if the receiver is Restricted. EXAMPLE: sz -r hugefile.lst SEE ALSO: zmodem c numeric parameter For convenience, the r option can be specified on all files if desired, even those that have not been interrupted during a transfer. However, if you do make the r option the default with adlopts you could inadvertently overwrite valuable data with unrelated data from a rendom file with the same file name. The "ZMODEM Crash Recovery at NNNN" message may not appear when performing Crash Recovery on very short files. __________ 5. Not supported in DSZ.COM. (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Protocol File Transfer OPTIONS Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 164 rr As above, but the files are compared by taking a 32 bit CRC on the contents before deciding on whether to start a fresh transfer. EXAMPLE: sz -rr maybenewer.lst With the -rr option, all of the files are compared or transmitted by default. The number of bytes used in the comparision may be restricted by setting the zmodem R numeric parameter to a number between 2048 and 32000 (1 billion on 32 bit flavors). EXAMPLE: zmodem pR20000 R (32 bit Unix systems) Recursively descend directories specified in wild cards when expanding file names. EXAMPLE: sz -Rf src Sends the files in the src directory and its subdirectories (R option), and transmits the full relative pathname (f option). SEE ALSO: f option s SlugBait modifies the logic of ZMODEM sending to detect and report attempts at evading accountability for receiving files. Such attempts are flagged with a Q status in the log of sent files. SnailBait adds a slight delay to file transmission, and a transfer that is cut off at the very end of file may very infrequently be reported with Questionable instead of ERROR status. S When sending file(s) with ZMODEM, interrogate the receiving prgram for its serial number. S option terminates when a serial number is received or when the call command is given. Receiving file(s) with YMODEM or ZMODEM from programs providing a serial number also provides the other program's serial number. The serial number received is listed by the performance log. t Enter the term function after file transfer(s) complete. The t option should not be used in commands given from within the term function, either directly or with soft key definitions. u Unlink (remove, delete) the file after it has been sent with the sz command. v View the data being transmitted or received. Only correct data is displayed. Viewing standard ASCII files does not interfere with correct transmission at high speeds, although throughput may be degraded. The output may be redirected to a capture file or DOS device with (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Protocol File Transfer OPTIONS Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 165 the > or >> command. Unless output is redirected, this option must not be used when ZCOMM is in Host Operation. When invoking Unix ZCOMM as xyam, rz, sz, rb, sb, rx, or sx, creates a logging file with information useful for debugging purposes. More v's create more detailed debugging information. SEE ALSO: v numeric parameter, LOGFILE environment variable wN Use a window size of N bytes with the sz command, overriding the zmodem w numeric parameter. If N is missing, use a ZMODEM window size of 4096 bytes. SEE ALSO: Flow Control Chapter 14, zmodem w numeric parameter WN Request the sending program to use a window size of N bytes, overriding the sender's window size setting, 4096 bytes if N is missing.[6] y Yes it is OK to replace a file already on disk when receiving a file. If absent, the operator is given a choice of appending to the current file (a), erasing it (y) or aborting (n). This option is not allowed if ZCOMM is Restricted. When sending with ZMODEM, commands the receiver to replace a file on its disk. Y (ZMODEM) Transfer only those files for which a file with the same pathname exists at the destination, overwriting the destination files. The Y option may be followed by other ZMODEM options to further qualify the selection of files to transfer. This option is not allowed if ZCOMM is Restricted. EXAMPLE: sz -Yn *.* If the source directory contains files A, B, and C, each dated today, and the destination directory contains B and C, with B a week old and C dated today, only B will be sent. zT Use T minutes behind GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) as the local timezone instead of the z parameter value for the file(s) transferred with this command. EXAMPLE: sb -k -z300 ESTfile sends ESTfile corrected for creation in Eastern Standard Time. __________ 6. The W option is supported when receiving files from ZMODEM-90(TM) program versions after Jan 21 1990. (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Protocol File Transfer OPTIONS Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 166 Z Transmit files with compression. The ZMODEM receiver must indicate its ability to decompress received files for this option to take effect. When sending between Unix systems, files are compressed with 12 bit Lempel-Ziv compression. Otherwise, packets are transmitted with Run Length Encoding. Over slow channels, compression increases the transmission speed of compiler listings, screen dumps, etc. by up to 50 per cent. LZW compression is more effective on more types of data than RLE compression. Some files, including the Personal Computing Magazine ASCII Test File, speed up by more than an order of magnitude with either RLE or LZW compression. Heavily encrypted data and compressed files, including ARC and ZOO archives, do not benefit from ZMODEM compression. The situation with fast compressed modems is more complex. The benefits of ZMODEM compression will depend on the particular application; try the transfers with and without ZMODEM compression to determine the most efficient options. (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Modes Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 167 21. MODES for Data Capture The modes described in this chapter affect the operation of the f, put, wait, and t commands. The b, n, p, r, w modes are mutually exclusive. All modes except f and n are reset by the call and init commands. Modes may be set with flags to the conference, create, enable, disable, f, open, t, and wait commands. The call command resets ZCOMM and the communications port to 8 bits no parity. ! Negates the sense of the following mode(s). The ! modifier is not used with the 7 and 8 modes. EXAMPLE: t -Z!tl enables ZMODEM AutoDownload and turns off throttle and line printer output. 7e 7o 7m 7s Sets 7 bits plus {Even Odd Marking Spacing} parity for transmission with the put, f, and t commands, and file transfers using the Kermit protocol. The parity setting does not affect the information content of received characters.[1] If 7e or 7o mode is used, each incoming byte of Kermit packets is checked for parity for extra accuracy in file transfers. Some applications require a 7 bit transmission mode. Even parity is often used for TWX and IBM mainframe communications. 7m mode sets the parity bit to "marking" (8th bit set to ONE), sometimes used with DEC minicomputers and IBM mainframes. 7s mode masks data transmitted by the term function to 7 bits (spacing is equivalent to binary 0). If a paritied mode is specified, the term function counts each character received with the opposite parity as an uncorrected error. The call command resets ZCOMM and the communications port to 8 bits no parity (8n). EXAMPLE: ena -E7e enables Error Containment(TM) with 7 bits even __________ 1. The term function normally strips the parity bit unless 8g (graphics) mode is set. (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 21 Modes Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 168 parity. SEE ALSO: E mode 8n Sets 8 bits no parity (default) for transmission with the Kermit, and t commands. The call command resets ZCOMM and the communications port to 8 bits no parity (8n). 8g Some PC based bulletin boards send line drawing characters intended for IBM display adapters encoded with the 8th bit set. 8g mode uses 8 data bits with no parity. All 8 bits are also passed to the display, allowing the special graphics characters to be displayed, including those sent by many IBM-PC bulletin boards. 8g mode must not be used when the remote is sending 7 bits with marking, even, or odd parity, 8o 8e 8e sets the hardware to 8 bits even parity; 8o sets the hardware to 8 bits odd parity. The 8e and 8o modes are used only with very specialized applications. No known dial-up systems use either of these modes. Most modems do not support 8e or 8o mode. A Sends characters from the remote to DOS, bypassing ZCOMM's CRT driver. A mode allows a screen driver such as FCONSOLE.DEV to pcocess extended ANSI or special terminal codes which ZCOMM would not otherwise understand. The A mode affects the term function only. When using the A mode, the term function status line should be disabled with a "display stat=off" command if the display driver uses all 25 CRT lines. Fansi-Console(TM) or other drivers with definable scrolling regions may be set to scroll only the top 24 lines, leaving the 25th line free for ZCOMM's status information. WARNING: Fansi-Console and ANSI.SYS allow input data from the remote to redefine keys and/or cause commands to be executed. Such capabilities pose a security breach. For example, an innocuous looking message could contain an invisible escape sequence to make your "keyboard" issue "del \COMMAND.COM" the next time you strike the ESC key. EXAMPLE: display stat=off; t -A disables Zcomm's status line and routes characters from the remote to DOS standard output. SEE ALSO: list command a Addlf adds a linefeed to each carriage return received from the remote. This is displayed as newline (return/linefeed). The same action takes place if addlf is in effect when the term function is writing the circular buffer to a file. This mode is useful when the data from the remote contains carriage returns but no linefeeds. The a mode may be used with the s (Strip control characters) mode. (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 21 Modes Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 169 NOTE: i (image) mode supersedes a mode. EXAMPLE: read nolffile.txt; create -a withlf.txt; w; close reads nolffile.txt into the circular buffer, then writes it to withlf.txt with linefeeds added. b Binary mode of file transmission with the f file command. All 8 bits are sent. This is handy for uploading binary files using the f command to adjacent machines without any useful file transfer protocol. Don't confuse this mode with the protocol file transfer commands which send files with error correcting protocols. Also don't confuse this with the i mode which affects files received with the term function. NOTE: The fput command can also be used to send a binary file when no monitoring of the remote's responses is needed. EXAMPLE: f -b binfile c, C Compuserve mode allows the remote computer to invoke the Compuserve B protocol. c causes formfeed from the remote to clear the screen, C does not. When enabled with c or C mode, the Compuserve B protocol uses ENQ and DLE for special functions. EXAMPLE: t -c SEE ALSO: w numeric parameter D Delays detection of carrier detect loss. * When carrier detect is lost, D mode causes ZCOMM to wait up to two seconds for carrier detect to return. If carrier detect returns within that two seconds, ZCOMM pauses another two seconds to allow the modems time to stabilize. D mode allows file transfers to continue in the presence of interruptions from call waiting or cellular radio communications dropouts. The modem's carrier dropout timer must be lengthened to two seconds to accomodate such droputs without disconnecting by adding a Hayes S10=20 command to the modem initialization string sent by the dial telephone directory entry. d (Dropout) Disables the No Carrier Detect message otherwise generated by the term function and protocol file transfers when the communications port detects a loss of carrier detect. This mode is useful when operating with direct connections that do not properly drive the carrier detect line. The call command sets d mode; the standard dialing scripts cancel it when the modem reports a connection. NB: Enabling d mode disables the term function from checking for (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 21 Modes Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 170 loss of carrier detect signal. Disabling d mode enables this checking. EXAMPLE: ena -d E Error Containment(TM) When the remote is transmitting continuously, a single "line hit" may garble many characters before the hardware can recover. E mode makes the term function send an XOFF (^S) character to stop the transmission of data when a "line hit" is detected. A line hit is detected by the presence of a break signal or framing error. If the 7e, 7o, 7m, or 7s mode is set, ZCOMM also detects parity errors as line hits.[2] After a brief pause, an XON (^Q) is sent to resume transmission. E mode does not effect protocol transfers. It is effective only when the remote recognizes XOFF to stop transmission. E mode cannot be used with programs such as EMACS which use ^S and ^Q as editing commands; it should not be used with X.PC. EXAMPLE: create -+E7e capture.fil creates capture.fil for output, appending it to any existing instance of the file, enabling 7 bits even parity and Error Containment. SEE ALSO: E and e numeric parameters e EMACS editors and a few other programs use the ASCII flow control characters XON and XOFF as commands. These characters cannot be used for their normal flow control functions with EMACS. Emacs mode suppresses the automatic transmission of XOFF (^S) and XON (^Q) when ZCOMM's circular buffer fills up. Opening a receive file with the t file command cancels EMACS mode, but it may be turned back on later. ("t -e file" won't activate e mode.) When capturing data to a file with e (Emacs) mode on, the user must manually stop the data from the remote and dump the buffer with the w command or the Alt-W key. Keyboarded characters automatically trigger a buffer write. EXAMPLE: create capturefile; t -e __________ 2. Many medium speed modems, including 1200 and 2400 bps units, do not generate framing errors in response to line hits. When such modems are used, parity must be used to detect line hits. (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 21 Modes Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 171 SEE ALSO: j mode f Full duplex. ZCOMM does not echo keyboarded characters to the screen. FN Sets the pattern match fail time for the current wait command to N seconds absolute. EXAMPLE: wait -F5 searches for a pattern match, and will fail after five seconds. fN Sets the pattern match fail time for the current wait command to N seconds of inactivity. EXAMPLE: wait -f5 searches for a pattern match, and will fail after five seconds of inactivity. SEE ALSO: f numeric parameter g resumes sending the file once in the term function, equivalent to an XON character. Disabling g causes a file queued for transmission to wait for an XON character. Enabling g mode (ena -g) will resume file transmission after a grab command. SEE ALSO: grab command G, GG G mode (the default) allows the term function to recognize XON and XOFF flow control. A number of characters may be sent before ZCOMM responds to XOFF. GG mode prevents the term function from recognizing XON and XOFF flow control. As a special case, disabling G mode allows the interrupt driven output routines in ZCOMM to respond immediately to XOFF and XON characters instead of waiting for the term function to receive and act upon them. A consequence of this selection is that the term function may be "stuck" waiting for the interrupt level routines, while at the same time the interrupt level routines are "waiting" for an XON character. A spurious XOFF or lost XON character can cause this deadlock. The S numeric parameter should be set to an appropriate value to allow timeout and recovery from this condition. EXAMPLE: f -!G asciifile.txt H,h Half Duplex Displays keyboarded characters as they are sent to the host. H mode causes keyboarded carriage return to be echoed as cr/lf. (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 21 Modes Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 172 Two half duplex modes are provided to match computer systems that send a linefeed in response to carriage return ("t -h") and others that give no echo at all to carriage return ("t -H"). SEE ALSO: h numeric parameter i If a file is being received with the Term function, Image mode allows all characters received, including NULLS, to be output when the capture buffer is written to disk. Image mode makes the review function act upon ESCAPE characters. Image mode overrides the a, s and z modes. Image mode does not override the A, c, C or Z modes, and does not control the parity bit. EXAMPLE: t -i SEE ALSO: I, v and 8g modes, ALT-I key, fget command The fget command is faster as there is no display of the received data. Image mode does not affect transmitted data.[3] I Super Image mode sets completely transparent 8 bit data capture with the term function. In addition, the A, c, C, and Z modes are superceded, XON, XOFF, ENQ are not executed. Super Image mode is useful for capturing binary data from sources that require keyboard or script intervention. If the incoming data contains random escape sequences, ZCOMM's terminal emulation decoding of escape sequences should be suppressed. Either v mode should be set, or a display dumb command should be given. J On Unix and Xenix systems, the J mode smooths the display of data coming from slow serial lines by accepting data in smaller chunks. It may be used for interactive applications where jerky output is unesthetic. J mode increases CPU utilization and context switching overhead. SEE ALSO: ALT-J j * The jabberwrite mode causes the term function to dump the circular buffer to disk once a second if a receive file is open, without interrupting the data flow from the remote. This avoids the delay required when dumping the entire buffer to disk, but may cause loss of data if the output device is too slow, or if its __________ 3. The b (Binary) mode modifies files transmitted with the term function. (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 21 Modes Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 173 driver software inhibits data interrupts from the remote. It should not be used with the PCjr because the PCjr disk cannot overlap i/o with disk activity. EXAMPLE: t -j K Enables automatic downloading of files with the Kermit protocol. The y mode applies to Kermit AutoDownload. l (letter l) List unit (Printer) on. Since ZCOMM buffers the printer, it needn't be as fast as the incoming data as long as the buffered data doesn't exceed the circular buffer size. The rewind command may be used to get extra copies of the received data (assuming it all fits in the circular buffer). The list unit is accessed with the rom bios printer interface (int 17h). EXAMPLE: t -l enables printer spooling. EXAMPLE: disable -l disables printer spooling. NOTE: If ZCOMM is terminated before all of the circular buffer is output to the printer, the remainder of the data will be lost. SEE ALSO: The ALT-L key toggles printing starting with next character received from the remote. The l numeric parameter selects the printer device. The lpnono string parameter allows unwanted control characters to be filtered from the printer. n sends newline (lf) only when transmitting a file with the term function (no CR). Keyboarded CR is sent as a newline. When receiving a file to disk with the term function, Newline is stored on disk as CR LF. n mode causes newlines to be displayed as CR LF. The n mode is not reset by the call command. EXAMPLE: f -n file p,P When transmitting a file with the term function, the contents of eolstr (CR by default) are sent at the end of each line. Prompt mode then waits for a prompt character ( g numeric parameter[4]) from the remote after each line transmitted from a file. If GOchar is not received, the wait times out and transmission proceeds in the same manner as with w mode. The duration of this timeout is __________ 4. The default for numeric parameter g (GOchar) is linefeed . (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 21 Modes Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 174 controlled by the p numeric parameter. The q numeric parameter controls the pause between recognizing GOchar and resuming transmission. This pause is not reset by characters from the remote. EXAMPLE: f -p file SEE ALSO: g, p, q numeric parameters As a convenience, P mode implicitly sets GOchar to 17. As a special case, if GOchar is set to 17 (called XON, DC1, or ^Q) before the p mode is set, file transmission is stopped until an XON is keyboarded or received from the remote. EXAMPLE: f -P file q Setting q mode causes the term function to guarantee the contents of the circular buffer have been written to disk[5] and then transmit the answerback string parameter in response to ENQ. An ACK from the local keyboard or a transmitted file also transmits the answerback. An EOT or carrier loss closes the receive file and exits the term function. Q Quiet inhibits the term function display of data from the remote.* The status line, ZCOMM messages, and output from utility commands are not affected. The Q mode may be used to suppress unwanted characters during modem initialization, logins, etc. SEE ALSO: display inhibit command r CRmode sends the contents of eolstr (CR by default) at the end of each line transmitted from a file with the f command. There is no pause at the end of each line. EXAMPLE: f -r file S SuperStrip mode strips Form Feed (FF) from the file in addition to the actions of s mode. EXAMPLE: t -S capture.txt __________ 5. On DOS, the file is written, closed, and reopened. The TWX protocol assumes that transmitted information has been safely stored before an answerback is sent in response to ENQ. (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 21 Modes Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 175 s Strip all Control Characters except LF, FF, HT, and BS when capturing to a file with the term function. Most escape sequences are completely removed, especially common ANSI codes for setting colors and positioning. In s mode, a BS character causes ZCOMM to attempt to erase the previous character from the output file with an fseek() function call. This is guaranteed to work only if the output is to a disk file and sufficient characters come after the BS to overlay the "erased" character.[6] An LF is stored in the file as CR LF to make up for the CR that is discarded in s mode. XON, XOFF, and DEL (RUBOUT) do not display when s mode is in effect. The a (Addlf, add linefeed to carriage return) mode may be used with the s mode. NOTE: i (image) mode supersedes s mode editing. When displaying file(s) with the cat, more, type, page, bro/v, and bro/p commands, stop when ^Z (CP/M EOF) is read. sss In addition to the above, sss inhibits the display of blank lines. SEE ALSO: display vt100 command t Some remote systems cannot accept input at full speed. Throttle mode slows the sending of characters to the remote. The speed is controlled by the t numeric parameter. The default value slows transmission to about 50 words per minute. The t mode does not affect protocol transfers. EXAMPLE: f -t command.fil SEE ALSO: t numeric parameter TN Sets the pattern match fail time for the current wait command to N seconds absolute. In addition, the term function will return (without matching any patterns) after an enabled Kermit, Compuserve-B, or ZMODEM automatic file transfer (successful or otherwise). EXAMPLE: wait -T99 searches for a pattern match, and will fail after 99 seconds. u Enables Upper case conversion of keyboard and file characters sent with the term function (t, f, F2 commands). The answerback and programmed strings are not affected. Protocol file transfers are __________ 6. This backspace simulation does not stop at a virtual left margin. (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 21 Modes Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 176 not affected. EXAMPLE: ena -u SEE ALSO: ALT-U key v View control characters as ^C. In addition to the above, vv mode denotes characters with the parity bit set by prepending a tilde (~). Finally, vvv mode prints incoming characters in hex.* The v modes override the A, c, C, and Z modes. EXAMPLE: t -iv bincapt.fil captures binary data from the modem to bincapt.fil, with control characters displayed legibly. NOTE: View mode is distinct from view option. w Wait mode. When sending files with the term function, send the contents of eolstr (CR by default) at the end of each line, and then wait until echoes from the remote have stopped. Useful for sending files to bulletin boards where the remote needs time to prepare for the next text line. The p numeric parameter controls the length of this wait, which is reset by each character received from the remote. EXAMPLE: f -w file W Enable writing from the circular buffer to capture file (default enabled).* The echof and echoc commands are not affected. SEE ALSO: ki command x,X EXit from the term function when EOF is encountered on transmitted file. In addition, X mode causes the term function to exit when the file upload is interrupted by reading a character matching the value of the m numeric parameter. The x mode is the standard way for a script to regain control after uploading a file with the term function. EXAMPLE: f -x upload.txt SEE ALSO: m numeric parameter y Yes it is OK to clobber a file already on disk when receiving to a file. If absent, the operator is given a choice of appending to the current file (a), erasing it (y) or aborting (n). This mode is reset at each command line and at each obey and function key, pattern action, or downloaded command. This mode is not allowed if ZCOMM is Restricted. (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 21 Modes Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 177 Z (Case is significant!) enables ZMODEM AutoDownload of commands and files when the term function is active (this is the default). The term function recognizes ZMODEM AutoDownload at 300 bps and higher speeds. EXAMPLE: dis -Z disables ZMODEM AutoDownload. ZMODEM AutoDownload performs a security check to reject Trojan Horse messages. The challenge may be disabled with an ena -yZ command, resulting in a time savings when using some modems. z Close file when CPMEOF (^Z) is encountered while writing the capture buffer. z mode also appends a CTRL-Z (CP/M EOF) to the end of files created with the apd, create, t file, browse/a, browse/A, review/w, review/W, and > commands. Otherwise, ^Z is ignored. + When receiving to a file already on disk, append the new data to the old file. This mode is reset at each command line and at each obey and function key, pattern action, or downloaded command. This mode is not allowed if ZCOMM is Restricted. (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 21 Term Function Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 178 22. TERM FUNCTION Interactive conversation with the remote is controlled by the term function. The term function provides the conversational link between the keyboard, display, printer, and the remote computer. ZCOMM's term function also controls the capture of data from the remote, "non- protocol" sending of files and commands, and recognition of the remote's responses (pattern searches). The term function is entered by the F2, f, put, putw, t and wait commands, and by the rx and sx commands when the t option is used. Normally, the term function acts upon keyboarded characters immediately. If the term function is sending a string with the put or putw commands, or if the keyboard has been locked with the kbdlock command, keystrokes are not drained from the keyboard buffer. If ANSI KAM (Keyboard Action Mode) escape sequence has been received, keystrokes are discarded with a bleep of the bell. Normal ASCII printing and control characters are sent to the remote. Some keys may be redefined with the set command. NUKE (ALT-N) returns control to the main command prompt. The term function returns to its caller when an F1 or ALT-X key is struck. A carrier detect loss during a pattern search or a satisfied search[1] cause the term function to return. Counting the error count (e numeric parameter) UP TO 0 makes the term function return. An ETX or EOT received from the remote when q mode is on also does the trick. Finally, an EOF on a file uploaded with x mode, or a match on a file uploaded with X mode makes the term function return. 22.1 Major Modes of Operation The term function can operate in several Major Modes affecting keyboarded characters.[2] Terminal Emulation Normal mode operates according to the terminal emulation selected. Keyboard mapping with set and mk commands is effective. Conference The conference command (described at the end of this chapter) provides local editing of keyboarded characters before transmission. __________ 1. Unless the c modifier was used 2. Not all Major Modes are supported on all operating systems. (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 Term Function Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 179 Chat The chat command links two keyboards interactively. Doorway Doorway is activated with the ALT-= key to allow function and alt keys to be passed to certain BBS systems. Scancode Scancode passes raw scancodes to VP/ix and similar applications. 22.2 Command Characters In the term function, soft key definitions override the keys' normal functions. ALT-= Toggles the term function keyboard handling between normal, doorway, and scancode operation. In doorway operation, ALT, cursor, and function keys are transmitted as NULL followed by the raw scan code. This is especially useful when operating the PC Board ProDoor full screen editor. In scancode mode, raw scan codes are transmitted for use by VP/ix and other programs that require raw IBM keyboard scan codes. Both doorway or scancode operation override all term function key bindings escept for ALT-= which toggles between these forms of operation. Backspace Normally the term function sends backspace to the remote without any special processing. This is ideal for most systems where backspace implies deletion of the character immediately to the left of the cursor. Other systems, including VMS, use RUBOUT for this function. The GCOS system uses the # character for this function. The special requirements of these systems can be optimally accomodated by assigning a string or series of commands to the BS key. Chapter 99 provides some examples. F1, ALT-X Return from the term function. ALT-X is an alternate to F1 in case the user has assigned his own string or command to F1. F2, PgUp, PgDn, ALT-R Enter the review function displaying data starting with either the first character received after the last character keyboarded (except space, Ctrl-Q, or Ctrl-S), or about 48 lines back if less than 400 characters have been received since the last character keyboarded. This allows the output from the last command to be conveniently reviewed. Review then awaits the next command. F2 followed by "k" is a handy way to clear both the screen and the circular buffer. (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 Term Function Version 17.78 TurboDial 2.35 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 180 Up Enter remote command recall and select the previous remote command for editing in the status line. Backspace, and Ctrl-W may be used for editing the line. Ctrl-U and Ctrl-X clear the line's contents and restore normal term function operation. Down Enter remote command recall and select the next remote command for editing in the status line. Home Enter review function, displaying text starting at the beginning of the buffer. ALT-R is an alternate to F2 in case the user has assigned his own string or command to F2. F3...F10, FS1...FS4 Chapter 19 describes the functions that the "setup" entry in the sample PHODIR.t file assigns to these keys. Ctrl-Break Sends a 200 millisecond (default) break signal to the remote. The function of this key may be reassigned with a set command. NOTE: Some modems do not correctly pass a break signal to the remote. Ctrl-Shift-2 Some remote computer systems may require sending the NULL (000) character. NULL may be keyboarded by Ctrl-Shift-2. ^F Iff q (TWX) mode is in effect, transmit the string parameter answerback to the remote. This is equivalent to HEREIS on a Teletype(TM) machine. Enter Iff n mode is set, send a newline (LF). Otherwise, send the contents of entstr (default CR) to the remote. ^Q Iff a transmit file is open and its transmission has been stopped by a XOFF, transmission is resumed. Resumes counting of the inactivity timeout associated with the wait and pattern commands. Otherwise no special treatment. Rubout The ASCII delete (rubout) character (hex 7F, octal 177) is generated by Ctrl-Backspace (the left arrow above the ENTER key on the PC keyboard). The "Del" key near the lower right of the keyboard does not generate delete, but may be programmed to do so with a "set fdel \177" command. ^S Iff a transmit file is open, transmission is stopped. Otherwise ^S is transmitted. ^S also suspends counting of the inactivity timeout associated with the wait and pattern commands. ALT-B Sends a 100 millisecond break signal to the remote. NOTE: Some modems do not correctly pass the break signal to the remote. (C) 1990 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 22 Term Function