WPC 2B ZR13|hHP LaserJet Series IIHPLASEII.PRS&d\  PVQ,t0{&P Њ X  Figure 1 ,,dddd Figure 1 X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:&d*f9 xQ&X/tC4,b޶Xt2pQX +h=0,vg&h2peQ&2d=0,&d4  pʫQ&QEHHH,R^Hp@pQ^@ QEHHH,h^Hp@ѓ@^@The following document may be distributed freely, either in its original WordPerfect document file form or in printed form, as long as its content is not modified in any way. If you wish to use only selected portions of the document, you must obtain the permission of the author. Formatting Notes This was formatted specifically for a LaserJet Series II using Tms Rmn, Helv, and Prestige Elite soft fonts. If it is printed on another printer, WordPerfect may make lessthanideal font conversions that will adversely affect the formatting. The following are the main items to look out for: 1.,Most of the formatting, including all of the font changes, is accomplished with styles, so it is fairly easy to change.(# 2.,Most of the document is formatted for Tms Rmn 11 pt. This is set via the Document Initial Font. Some of the figure captions will wrap onto a second line if the Initial Font is larger than Tms Rmn 11pt. For example, a 12 cpi font will cause this wrapping.(# 3.,The font for the figure boxes, which is set in a style, must be fixed pitch, and must print at least 16.67 characters per inch.(# 4.,The placement of figure boxes may not be ideal as the pagination changes. WordPerfect does a reasonable job of locating them, but sometimes you have to finetune it by moving the box codes manually.(# 5.,The footers are formatted for backtoback printing, so they alternate from right to left sides of the page. You may want to change this for singlesided printing.(# If you have comments or questions on this paper, please contact : Chris Wolf Michigan State University Ag Econ Computer Service 416 Agriculture Hall East Lansing MI 48824 (517) 3535017,,,  h   aTitle$v #2pQ.#Essential Formatting Skills 1 *in WordPerfectTitleې1 #&h\  PVQT&P#  9, :list Chris Wolf Ag Econ Computer Service Michigan State University March 1, 1990 ?lylist  `  8+,,,  W ToC-Title#2pQ#Table Of Contents 6 ToC-Title #&h\  PVQT&P# ,ToC #Xp\  PZQfXP# ` ` h` `    X ` ` Introduction p>"(#S 1 X ` ` Alternate Views of Your Document p>"(#S 1 X X" Reveal Codes p>"(#S 1 X X" Print View p>"(#S 2 X ` ` Typewriter Formatting vs. Word Processor Formatting p>"(#S 3 X ` ` Proportional Fonts p>"(#S 4 X ` ` Paragraph Formatting  Plain to Fancy p>"(#S 4 X X" Hanging Indents p>"(#S 5 X X"Xhh("Outlines and Lists hp>"(#S 5 X X"Xhh("Bibliographies hp>"(#S 5 X X" FullyIndented p>"(#S 6 X ` ` Tables and Tabs p>"(#S 7 X ` ` Page Breaks p>"(#S 7 X X" Forcing a Page Break p>"(#S 8 X X" Keeping Headings with Text p>"(#S 8 X ` ` Locations for Codes p>"(#S 9 X X" Document Initial Font p>"(#S 9 X X" Initial Codes p!(#R 10 X X" TopofPage Codes p!(#R 11 X X" BeginningofLine Codes p!(#R 11  tToC #&h\  PVQT&P#,,, i & S `(#"Essential Formatting Skills in WordPerfect Page iq  S  Page  Essential Formatting Skills in WordPerfectq   ` h` ` ` ,head     `    yxfdddy <   P #Xp2pQ޶X#Introduction?head  `  #&h\  PVQT&P# When writing with a word processor, the new user faces an apparent choice between shortterm and longterm productivity. It's often tempting to use the quickest technique that will get a job done, instead of learning the best way to perform each task. However, mastering the important basic skills and concepts is not as difficult as it might seem, and the payoff in productivity can be immediate. Unfortunately, word processor documentation covers such a complex array of features that it's difficult for the nonexpert to identify and focus on the important basic skills while disregarding unneeded, more advanced topics. This paper is based on common problems encountered by the Ag Econ Computer Service in assisting faculty, students and staff with the use of WordPerfect. It attempts to identify and explain the most important basic topics that are often overlooked by the new user. It is not a beginner's tutorial for WordPerfect: it assumes the reader is already using WordPerfect at a basic level. It is also not a substitute for the WordPerfect manual: the reader may need to consult the manual for more detail about some of the topics introduced here. Some writers use a word processor to compose text that will be formatted and printed by a secretary. These people may prefer to concentrate on writing rather than learning how to use the formatting abilities of the word processor. They often don't realize the extensive amount of timeconsuming editing required on the part of a secretary to take an improperly formatted document and print it in an acceptable form. The best way for these writers to prepare their material is to omit all formatting (especially "typewriterlike" formatting created with extraneous hard returns and multiple spaces) and type everything in plain, blockstyle paragraphs. However, to make most efficient use of your secretary, and to guarantee that work is completed promptly, it is well worth the time required to learn basic formatting principles. Toward that end, the material in the rest of this paper points out the easiest steps you can take to improve your word processing. ,head      `    yx"dddy <   P  #Xp2pQ޶X#Alternate Views of Your Document?head  `  #&h\  PVQT&P# While new users of WordPerfect quickly become familiar with the standard editing screen, they often fail to take advantage of two other ways that WordPerfect can display a document. Reveal Codes shows the inner workings of a document, while Print View shows it as it will look on a sheet of paper. Both are invaluable aids in the editing process. subhead1   L$ #&h2peQg&#Reveal Codesrsubhead1 #&h\  PVQT&P#  S& All formatting in WordPerfect documents is achieved by use of embedded codes. When you use a formatting command to underline, to set tab stops, or even when you simply press , WordPerfect puts a special code in your document. These codes are not shown on the normal editing screen; in order to see them, you must use the Reveal Codes command ( or ). This splits thej),** screen to give you two different views of your document, as shown in RCFigure 1. The upper half of the screen shows the normal editing view of your text, while the bottom half shows the text along with the embedded codes. !"pv ,,dddd ddp )* S Ԏ The Reveal Codes Screen QE Rfigure box #^Hp@pQR^@# Adjectives and Adverbs If you can't tell the difference between an adjective and an adverb, you are in for some rough times. Look at the word, sizing up how it is being used or is about to be used by you. Both the function and the form of the word will offer clues to the curious and attentive mind (curious and attentive here are adjectives because they modify the noun mind). C:\WP\DOCS\REVCODES.WPF Doc 1 Pg 1 Ln 1" Pos 1"  QE| {             }   [Center]Adjectives and Adverbs[HRt] [HRt] If you can't tell the difference between an adjective and an adverb, you are[SRt ] in for some rough times. Look at the word, sizing up how it is being used[SRt] or is about to be used by you. Both the function and the form of the word[SRt] will offer clues to the curious and attentive mind ([ITALC]curious[italc] and [I TALC]attentive[italc] here[SRt] are adjectives because they modify the noun [ITALC]mind[italc]).[HRt] [HRt]  QE Press Reveal Codes to restore screen !Tfigure box! #&h\  PVQT&P#۩ $` ` (#(#` ` (#(#X!` '#$RC In order to produce wellformatted documents with WordPerfect, you must learn to interpret the Reveal Codes screen. The appearance of the Reveal Codes screen can be intimidating at first, but it is not difficult to master. This paper will show examples of some of the common codes, and the section of the WordPerfect manual entitled "Codes" has a complete list you can use for reference.  Q~ One important use for the Reveal Codes screen is to look for redundant, misplaced, or extraneous codes. Such codes are one of the major causes of difficulties for  S. WordPerfect users. All WordPerfect users accidentally add unwanted codes to their documents. The mark of the proficient user, however, is the frequent use of Reveal Codes to check for and remove the unwanted ones. The Reveal Codes screen is used throughout this paper to show proper formatting techniques and to acquaint you with reading WordPerfect's codes. As you can see in RCFigure 1, WordPerfect always encloses code names in square brackets, e.g. [Center], [ITALC], and [italc]. In the figures that follow, boldface is used to highlight the particular codes under discussion. subhead1   L~! #&h2peQg&#Print View1rsubhead1 #&h\  PVQT&P# WordPerfect's normal editing screen is designed for speedy composition and editing of documents  not to show an exact representation of how text will look on the printed page. When you print a document the first time (or after doing some significant editing), you will often find that it isn't formatted quite the way you intended it. In the process of getting the formatting right, you can waste a lot of time and printer supplies repeatedly printing a single document. You can avoid most of this reprinting by using the Print , View Document command. This will show you a graphical representation of each page exactly as it will print, including the margins, headers and footers, footnotes,0),**` '#!0 character sizes, line spacing, justification, and more. It can be very helpful to check a number of your pages, if not the entire document, with Print View before printing it. Print View can also show how a document will print on a different printer, even if that printer isn't connected to your computer. It's common practice to print draft copies on a dotmatrix printer, and then print final copies on a laser printer at another location. Differences in capabilities, especially in available fonts, can cause the format to be quite different on the laser printer. Print View lets you verify on screen that your formatting will work properly on the laser printer. Even if you don't print your own final copies, this can help reduce the amount of time it takes your secretary to achieve the final format you would like. To view on screen how the final copy will print, you must install a copy of the printer file (also known as printer resource file, or .PRS file) for the other printer. (Ask for assistance if you don't know how to do this.) Whenever you Select it as the current printer, Print View will show your document as it would print on that printer. You can do all your formatting at your own computer, and be assured that it will print right the first time on the remote printer. ,head     `    yxtdddy <   P #Xp2pQ޶X#Typewriter Formatting vs. Word Processor Formatting:?head  `  #&h\  PVQT&P# The formatting capabilities of a word processor are much more sophisticated than those of a typewriter. On a typewriter, most formatting is accomplished by inserting multiple spaces and by using the carriage return at the end of every line. These techniques are inappropriate for a word processor, and are a major cause of poorly formatted documents. :list In a word processor, you should use the space bar on the keyboard for only two purposes:  To put a single space between words, and  To put two spaces between sentences (or following a colon).  Sj =lylist Use the key (which creates a hard return) only at the ends of paragraphs, and at the ends of certain other items such as headings and individual lines in tables.  Sh Spaces and hard returns should not be used for formatting purposes. Some common situations where spaces are misused include indenting, centering headings, separating "bullets" or numbers from list items (like the two just above), and separating columns in tables. Similarly, hard returns are often used incorrectly to end lines within a paragraph or to push text to the top of the next page. For every standard format you might use in a document, WordPerfect provides specific commands to achieve that format without using extra spaces or hard  S# returns. Some of the common ones will be covered in the next few pages. If you find yourself using the space bar in any circumstance other than between words or between sentences, you should stop to consider what type of formatting you are trying  QP& to create, and find out the WordPerfect command for that purpose. ,head B(,**Ԍ   `   yxdddy <   P= #Xp2pQ޶X#Proportional FontsC?head  `  #&h\  PVQT&P# Proportional fonts, such as the Times Roman and Helvetica fonts this is printed in, give a document a more professional appearance and are also easier to read than typewriterstyle, fixedpitch fonts such as Courier and Letter Gothic. The improved appearance is a result of the use of different widths for each of the  S characters, so that an M, for example, isn't squeezed into the same amount of  S space as an i. Proportional fonts are now the standard for printing most professional documents. Proper formatting is especially important if your document is to be printed in a proportionally spaced font. If you use spaces for formatting purposes in a proportional font, the differing character widths will cause items that seem to be lined up on the screen to be misaligned on paper. Even if your original plan is to print in a fixedpitch font, you may later find an opportunity for publication that requires a proportional font. In such a case, a poorly formatted document can require many hours of editing to convert between fonts. Using correct formatting commands in every document is a worthwhile goal for all word processor users. ,head     `    yx:dddy <   P #Xp2pQ޶X#Paragraph Formatting  Plain to FancyI?head  `  #&h\  PVQT&P# When you enter a paragraph of text into WordPerfect, and you reach the right  S margin, WordPerfect inserts a soft return, shown as [SRt] in Reveal Codes, and  S wraps the text to the next line. When you reach the end of the entire paragraph,  S you should press to insert a hard return, shown as [HRt] in Reveal Codes. That's all there is to creating a standard blockstyle paragraph, such as the one you're reading. If you want a paragraph format other than block style, you must add formatting  S codes. The basic rule to remember is that the formatting codes for a paragraph  S` should appear at or near the beginning of the first line of the paragraph. The remainder of the paragraph should consist of text that is wordwrapped with soft returns. (Font enhancement codes, such as [BOLD], may, of course, appear anywhere in the paragraph.) A paragraph with a firstline indent is perhaps the most familiar example of starting a paragraph with a formatting code. Create the indent with a tab at the beginning of the first line, and then type the remainder of the text just as for a blockstyle paragraph. Two other common types of paragraph formats, the hanging indent and the full indent, are also accomplished by inserting codes near the beginning of the paragraph. These formats often cause difficulty for new users, so they are covered in some detail below. Even for these more complicated styles, never place formatting or positioning codes, including tabs, anywhere other than the first line of a paragraph. In particular, never put them at the beginning of a line that follows a soft return ([SRt]). Not only are the codes not needed there, but the location of a soft return may change when you edit or reformat the document, causing the codes to move to a different line. subhead1p),**Ԍ L ٙ#&h2peQg&#Hanging IndentsSrsubhead1 #&h\  PVQT&P# Hanging indents are used in bibliographies and outlinestyle lists. For either of these two purposes, the first line of the paragraph must start farther to the left than the following lines. In overall appearance the two formats are somewhat different, however, as are the methods of creating them. subhead2  L  #&h2peQg&#Outlines and ListsMUsubhead2 #&h\  PVQT&P# A"pv ,,dddd ddqLISTSCN.WPF )qM S Ԏ Hanging Indent for List: [Indent] code follows number QE Rfigure box #^Hp@pQR^@#1. A semicolon is enlisted when a more significant break in continuity than that indicated by a comma is called for. 2. A semicolon is used in compound sentences between independent clauses not joined by connectives, particularly if they are extended or have commas within them. C:\WP\DOCS\LISTEX.WPF Doc 2 Pg 1 Ln 1.5" Pos 1"  QE| {             }    QE 1. [Indent] A semicolon is enlisted when a more significant break in[SRt] continuity than that indicated by a comma is called for.[HRt] [HRt]  QEP 2. [Indent] A semicolon is used in compound sentences between[SRt] independent clauses not joined by connectives, particularly[SRt] if they are extended or have commas within them.[HRt]  QE Press Reveal Codes to restore screen !Tfigure box! #&h\  PVQT&P# HILHanging indents for lists, as shown in HILFigure 2, are very easy to create. Simply type the identifying number or letter, and then press Indent to create the $` ` (#(#` ` (#(#0A` '#$indent. (Each Indent code will indent the text by one tab stop, so you must have a tab stop set at the position to which you want to indent.) Continue typing the remainder of the paragraph, allowing WordPerfect to wrap text to the correct indent on following lines. DO NOT add hard returns at the end of each line or use spaces or tabs at the beginnings of lines within the paragraph. subhead2  L #&h2peQg&#Bibliographiesbsubhead2 #&h\  PVQT&P# The method of creating a bibliographic hanging indent, shown in BHIFigure 3, is less obvious than that for the outline indent, but it requires only one more keystroke. a "pv ,,ddddx ddqBIBSCN.WPF <)qV S Ԏ Bibliographic Hanging Indent: start with [Indent][Mar Rel] QE Rfigure box #^Hp@pQR^@#Gordon, Karen Elizabeth. The WellTempered Sentence: A Punctuation Handbook for the Innocent, the Eager, and the Doomed. New Haven, CT: Ticknor & Fields, 1983. C:\WP\DOCS\BIBEX.WPF Doc 1 Pg 1 Ln 1" Pos 1"  QE {             }  QEf  [Indent][Mar Rel] Gordon, Karen Elizabeth. [ITALC]The WellTempered Sentence: A Punctuation Handbook for[SRt] the Innocent, the Eager, and the Doomed.[italc]. New Haven, CT: Ticknor & Field s,[SRt] 1983.  QE Press Reveal Codes to restore screen!Tfigure box! #&h\  PVQT&P#BHI , The first step is to press Indent one or more times to get the amount  S@ of indent you want for the body of the paragraph, that is, everything but the first line. (Each Indent code will indent the text by one tab stop, so you must have a tab stop set at the position to which you want to indent.)(# , Then use Margin Release to move back to the left margin. Each Margin Release moves to the left by one tab stop, so you must have a tab stop set at the location where you want the first line to begin, even if it is right at the left margin.(# , After these codes, type the text of the paragraph, allowing WordPerfect to wrap text to the correct indent on following lines. DO NOT add hard returns at the end of each line or use spaces or tabs at the beginnings of lines within the paragraph.(# @),**!` '#A` '#a @Ԍ$` ` (#(#` ` (#(#Xa` '#$subhead1ۙ  L #&h2peQg&#FullyIndentedprsubhead1 #&h\  PVQT&P# A fullyindented paragraph is usually block style, with the entire paragraph indented from the left, and sometimes the right, margin. This style is often used for quotations, as shown in the second paragraph in FIPFigure 4. m "pv ,,dddd dd p )N S Ԏ Fullyindented paragraph: start with [Indent] code QE Rfigure box #^Hp@pQR^@#One of the more common grammatical errors is the incomplete sentence, or sentence fragment. To those who value language, the incomplete sentence is an error of the highest magnitude. As Gordon says: The sentence fragment, an incomplete sentence punctuated as a sentence, is a grammatical error of the most atrocious order. Trying to pass off a group of words ... as a complete sentence is a scurrilous mechanical misdeed. ... Even if it contains a subject and predicate, a statement preceded by a subordinate conjunction will still not make it as a sentence. Watch your step, buddy. C:\WP\DOCS\INDENT.WP5 Doc 2 Pg 1 Ln 1.83" Pos 1"  QEf {             }   incomplete sentence is an error of the highest magnitude. As[SRt] Gordon says:[HRt] [HRt]  QE:  [Indent] The sentence fragment, an incomplete sentence[SRt] punctuated as a sentence, is a grammatical error of the[SRt] most atrocious order. Trying to pass off a group of[SRt] words ... as a complete sentence is a scurrilous[SRt] mechanical misdeed. ... Even if it contains a subject[SRt]  QE Press Reveal Codes to restore screen!Tfigure box! #&h\  PVQT&P#m $` ` (#(#F` ` (#(#X` '#$FIP Create a fullyindented paragraph by putting one or more Indent codes at the beginning of the paragraph. Each Indent will increase the left indentation to the next available tab stop, so you must have a tab stop set at the position to which you want to indent. Leftright Indent will increase the right indentation by the same amount as the left. After the code(s) are in place, continue typing the remainder of the paragraph, allowing WordPerfect to wrap text to the correct indent on following lines. DO NOT add hard returns at the end of each line or use spaces or tabs at the beginnings of lines within the paragraph.@x) ,**!` '#a ` '#4& @Ԍ,headۙ   L  `   L yxddd y <   PM #Xp2pQ޶X#Tables and Tabs&?head  `  #&h\  PVQT&P# Proper and efficient use of tabs is a complex subject, with very few shortcuts in the learning process. Fortunately, the new tables feature in WordPerfect 5.1 can make tabs unnecessary for many applications. If you work with tabular material on more than an occasional basis, it is worth your time to become familiar with this very powerful capability of WordPerfect 5.1. There may still be times when you will need or want to format part of a document by using tabs rather than the tables feature. While instruction in the use of tabs is beyond the scope of this paper, the following are two of the most basic guidelines to abide by: , Always define a custom Tab Set (via Format , Line, Tab Set) for each table in your document; DO NOT rely on WordPerfect's default tab stop settings. Having the correct Tab Set allows you to position each column using only a single code, which makes later reformatting as easy and flexible as possible. It may appear easier to leave the default tab settings and simply press enough times until the columns look about right on the screen, but this causes serious formatting problems when you change printers or fonts. (Note that the headings and the body of a table usually need different types of tabs, so you must typically have at least two custom Tab Set codes per table.)(# , Never mix tabs and spaces when positioning items in a table. We discussed  S earlier what a bad practice it is to use spaces for formatting. Using a mixture  S of tabs and spaces is even worse than using spaces alone. Of course, if you've defined a custom Tab Set for your table, this shouldn't be necessary. If you have a custom Tab Set and you still find that items aren't aligning quite as you want them to, it may mean that you need to use a different type of tab stop, such as a centered or right tab.(# ,head     `    yx. ddd y ~<   P #Xp2pQ޶X#Page BreaksK?head  `  #&h\  PVQT&P# WordPerfect keeps track of how much text you have typed, and automatically  S inserts a soft page break when it reaches the end of the page. (A soft page break appears on the editing screen as a dashed line extending the width of the screen, and is shown in Reveal Codes as [SPg].) In most documents this automatic pagination will occasionally result in a page break in a location where you don't want one. There are two WordPerfect formatting codes, described below, that you can use to correct this. DO NOT insert extra carriage returns to force WordPerfect to move its page break to where you want it. This is just a temporary fix that will cause you trouble later. If you edit the document further, the page break may move again, and you'll have to add or delete carriage returns to correct it. The other techniques described below offer a much better way to control your page breaks. subhead1 "( ,**Ԍ L #&h2peQg&#Forcing a Page Breakyrsubhead1 #&h\  PVQT&P# Many documents are divided logically into sections, each of which must start at the top of a page. A very simple example of this would be a report with a title page, where you always want the text of the document to start at the top of the page that follows the title page. A more complex example would be a thesis, which might also include an abstract, a dedication, acknowledgments, table of contents, several separate chapters and a bibliography, each of which must start at the top of a page. "pv X ,,dddd dd p )8 S Ԏ Forcing a Page Break: use [HPg] code QE Rfigure box #^Hp@pQR^@#conjunction that introduces it. ================================================================================ Chapter 5 - COMMA SPLICES Equal in grammatical horror to the sentence fragment is the comma splice. A comma splice results when a comma is placed between two independent clauses without the necessary link of a coordinating conjunction. Most often some other word, like this, another, there, or it, begins the second clause in an attempt to be the second half of an implausible sentence. Instead of a C:\WP\DOCS\HARDPAGE.WP5 Doc 2 Pg 2 Ln 1.17" Pos 1"  QE| {             }   conjunction that introduces it.[HRt] [HPg] Chapter 5 - COMMA SPLICES[HRt] [HRt] Equal in grammatical horror to the sentence fragment is the comma[SRt] splice. A comma splice results when a comma is placed between[SRt] two independent clauses without the necessary link of a[SRt] coordinating conjunction. Most often some other word, like this,[SRt] another, there, or it, begins the second clause in an attempt to[SRt] be the second half of an implausible sentence. Instead of a[SRt]  QE Press Reveal Codes to restore screen !Tfigure box! #&h\  PVQT&P#۽ $` ` (#(#` ` (#(#X` '#$FPBThe command that forces the start of a new page is Hard Page ,  S which inserts a hard page break. FPBFigure 5 shows how this appears on both the editing screen (as a fullwidth line made up of equals signs), and in Reveal Codes, (as [HPg]). Any hard page break that you insert should either immediately follow a hard return or be used at the end of a paragraph in place of a hard return. Putting it in any other location can cause unwanted results. subhead1   Lx #&h2peQg&#Keeping Headings with Text\rsubhead1 #&h\  PVQT&P# Many documents are further subdivided, within the chapters, into sections that do not necessarily have to start at the top of a page. These sections usually start with titles, headings and subheadings. Sometimes WordPerfect's automatic pagination will insert a soft page break between a heading and the paragraph that follows it, so that the heading is incorrectly left by itself as the last line on a page. You could force the heading to the following page by adding a hard page break just before it, but this can cause problems later. A hard page break will force  S % that heading to always start a new page. If you later edit the text preceding the heading, the hard page break might occur part way down a page rather than near the bottom, cutting that page off short. "pv ,,dddd dd p )T S Ԏ Keeping a Heading and Paragraph Together: use [Cndl EOP:n] QE Rfigure box #^Hp@pQR^@# the calendars and smashed all the clocks, one minute would daftly follow another until some final cure were found for the malady of Time. Painful Separations Don't needlessly separate related parts of a sentence, as misplacement of clauses or phrases can seriously distort your meaning. Subject and predicate should not be sundered brutally. C:\WP\DOCS\CNDLEOP.WP5 Doc 2 Pg 1 Ln 1.83" Pos 1"  QE| {             }   minute would daftly follow another until some[SRt] final cure were found for the malady of Time.[HRt] [HRt] [Cndl EOP:4] [HRt] Painful Separations[HRt] [HRt] Don't needlessly separate related parts of a sentence, as[SRt] misplacement of clauses or phrases can seriously distort your[SRt] meaning. Subject and predicate should not be sundered brutally.[HRt]  QE Press Reveal Codes to restore screen !Tfigure box! #&h\  PVQT&P# KHPFigure 6KHP shows the right way to keep a heading and paragraph together: the Conditional End of Page command, found under Format , Other. Conditional End of Page designates how many of the following lines you want to@) ,**!` X '# ` '# @ $` ` (#(#` ` (#(#X` '#$stay together on the same page. If there is not room for all of them at the bottom of a page, they will all be moved to the top of the next page.  S| When you insert this code, it's important that the cursor be on the line before the heading. The usual number of lines to be kept together is four (a single heading line, a blank line, and the first two lines of the paragraph), but this may vary if your heading is longer or the spacing between it and the paragraph is different. ,head     `    yxddd y b<   P #Xp2pQ޶X#Locations for Codes?head  `  #&h\  PVQT&P# WordPerfect allows you to put formatting codes almost anywhere in your document, including places where they will not do what you want or even where they will have undesired side effects. There is no official description in the WordPerfect manual of where and in what order to use the various codes available. The following are the most reliable guidelines we know of to help you to put formatting codes in the appropriate places. They are not absolute, inviolable rules, and sometimes there may be reasons to ignore them. However, if you are having trouble getting the formatting you want, following these guidelines may correct the problem. subhead1   L #&h2peQg&#Document Initial Fontͱrsubhead1 #&h\  PVQT&P# One important formatting step that many users overlook is the setting of the Document Initial Font. When creating a new document, WordPerfect uses a predetermined (default) font from the currently selected printer as the Document Initial Font. This setting does not appear on the Reveal Codes screen, but it determines the font that is used to print the document. If you want the basic font for your document to be something other than the default, you should change the Document Initial Font setting. To change the Document Initial Font, select Format , Document, Initial Font. (It doesn't matter where the cursor is in your document when you do this. There is only one Initial Font per document; WordPerfect will access it directly no matter what your current location in the file is.) Highlight the font0) ,**` '# 0 that you want to use for the standard body text portions of your document and press to select it. This font will then be in effect from the beginning of the document. Instead of changing the Document Initial Font, many users use the Font command to insert a Base Font code at the beginning of the document. DO NOT do this. On simple documents, there may be no difference in results between the two methods. However, WordPerfect uses the Document Initial Font for some special purposes, where a Base Font change at the beginning of the document will have no effect. For example, footnotes are normally printed in the Document Initial Font. If you change the font for a document by inserting a Base Font code, the footnotes won't be affected in the way you might expect. They will continue to be printed in the Document Initial Font, so they will look different from the rest of the document. subhead1   L #&h2peQg&#Initial Codesrsubhead1 #&h\  PVQT&P# In addition to the font, there are usually some other formatting choices that you want to be in effect at the beginning of the document. It is tempting to insert these immediately before the start of the text, in the same manner you would insert other formatting codes later in the document. In many cases this will work, but there is a better way to do it. WordPerfect has a special place, called Initial Codes, for codes of this type. Initial Codes is a sort of document prefix that isn't visible from the regular editing screen. If you select Format , Document, Initial Codes you will see this prefix, in a screen much like the Reveal Codes screen. (As with the Initial Font, it doesn't matter where the cursor is in your document when you do this.) From the Initial Codes screen you can select any of WordPerfect's formatting commands, and the corresponding codes will be inserted on the screen. When you exit from the Initial Codes screen back to your document, all of those codes will become effective at the beginning of your document. The following are examples of codes commonly used to establish a basic format  S for a document. You should place any of these that you need in Initial Codes in  S the following order: :list Paper Size/Type Top/Bottom Margin Header/Footer Page Numbering Widow/Orphan Protection Left/Right Margin Justification Tab Set lylist Line Spacing subhead1 .( ,**Ԍ L #&h2peQg&#TopofPage Codesrsubhead1 #&h\  PVQT&P# The WordPerfect codes shown below control aspects of page formatting. If you use any of them in a document, they must always appear at the top of a page, before any text, spaces, or hard returns. The page break that precedes them should always be a hard page break, not a soft page break, because the location of a soft page break may change if you edit or reformat the document. The codes should appear in the order shown. :list Paper Size/Type Center Page Top/Bottom Margin Force Odd/Even Page Header/Footer Page Numbering New Page Number Llylist Suppress (Page numbering, Header/Footer, etc.) Notice that many of these were also listed above as possibilities for inclusion in Initial Codes. Remember that Initial Codes is where you establish initial or overall settings for a document. The topofpage codes should be inserted within a document only if you have a need later in the document to modify one of those settings. subhead1   LV #&h2peQg&#BeginningofLine Codesrsubhead1 #&h\  PVQT&P# Other WordPerfect codes, such as those listed below, control aspects of line formatting. If you want to change any of these settings at a later point in a document, you should always place the corresponding codes at the beginning of a line. They should always be preceded by a hard return, not a soft return, because the location of a soft return may change if you edit or reformat the document. The codes should appear in the order shown. :list Left/Right Margin Tab Set Line Spacing Mlylist Justification