MicroHelp Library´'§ªUP%v º ºM º ºM º º? É ÍÊÍÊ Í»1 º º1 º º1 º Mastery Learning º1 º º1 º º1 º CASE/PRONOUNS º1 º º1 º º1 º (c) 1989 by º1 º Allen Hackworth º1 º º1 º º1 È ÍËÍË Í¼1 É ÍÊÍÊ Í»1 º Press ENTER to continue º1 È ÍËÍË Í¼? º ºM º ºM º ºw Ž—v—M—M—?—1——1——1—Ÿ——1——1——1——Ÿ——1——1——1——1——1——1——1—1—1——Ÿ— —1—?—M—M—w—#‹—"—#‹—"—#‹——‹———‹———‹——Ÿ——‹———‹———‹———Ÿ——‹———‹———‹———‹———‹———‹———‹——‹——‹———Ÿ— —‹——‹—"—#‹—"—#‹—"—#‹TlªUP‰û ÚÄÂ)ÄÂÄ¿ ³ ³ CASE/PRONOUNS ³ ³ ³ À)ÄÙ ³ ³9 ³ ³ É/Í» ³ ³ º/ º ³ ³ º Press 1, 2, or 3 º ³ ³ º/ º ³ ³ º 1. CASE: An Explanation º ³ ³ º/ º ³ ³ º 2. A Test for º ³ ³ º/ º ³ ³ º 3. Main Menu º ³ ³ º/ º ³ ³ º/ º ³ ³ º/ º ³ ³ º/ º ³ ³ È/ͼ ³ ³9 ³ À9ÄÙª ‹ŸQ—NŸ—NŸ— Ÿ;— Ÿ— ‡Ÿ‡‡ˆ—Ÿ— 9ˆ—Ÿ— ‡3ˆ—Ÿ— 9ˆ—Ÿ— -ˆ—Ÿ—  ‡Ž‡ ˆ—Ÿ— -ˆ—Ÿ— Ž‡ˆ—Ÿ— ‡&ˆ—Ÿ— ‡Ž‡ ˆ—Ÿ— ‡&ˆ—Ÿ— ‡Ž‡ ‡ ˆ—Ÿ— ‡&ˆ—Ÿ— Ž%ˆ—Ÿ— ‡ ˆ—Ÿ— *‡ˆ—Ÿ— 9ˆ—Ÿ— ‡9ˆ—Ÿ— Ÿ;ˆ—Ÿ— ˆ;—ŸQŽ%— Ž— ‡ — Ž— -— Ž— ;— Ž— Ž9— Ž— ;— Ž—NŽQçªUPQ°ÚLÄ¿°°³L ³°°³L ³°°³ Dear? ³°°³L ³°°³ Notice these uses of the word CASE. ³°°³L ³°°³ "In CASE your contact lense CASE is not found, the ³°°³ CASE will still go to court. But first, we will CASE ³°°³ Mark's apartment. His CASE (situation) is so unique that ³°°³ I suspect it's HIM. Oh, I just used the wrong CASE." ³°°³L ³°°³ My last use of CASE refers to the word "HIM." I should ³°°³ have said, "I suspect it's HE."$ ³°°³L ³°°³ As you can see, the word CASE has several meanings. Let's ³°°³ consider the meaning that relates to grammar. In grammar ³°°³ case describes the form changes of some pronouns depending ³°°³ on how these pronouns are used in the sentence. ³°°³L ³°°³4 Press ENTER ³°°³L ³°°ÀLÄÙQ°ÒŸQŽNŸ—LŸ—LŸ— Ÿ—;Ÿ—LŸ— Ÿ#— Ÿ—LŸ— Ÿ4—Ÿ— Ÿ5—Ÿ— Ÿ<—Ÿ— ŸA—Ÿ— Ÿ —9Ÿ— Ÿ?—Ÿ— Ÿ#—Ÿ—Ÿ—Ÿ—LŸ— Ÿ:— Ÿ— Ÿ9——Ÿ— ž<—Ÿ— ž/— ž— Ÿ—LŸ—,Ÿ— Ÿ—4—ŸŽNŸQÀªU ; Ú9Ä¿³ English has three cases: (1) subjective ³³" (2) objective ³³ The subjective case is (3) possessive ³³ also called nominative. ³À9ÄÙ›[—›7—›7—›7—›I›ªU ; €Ú9Ä¿³9 ³³ The SUBJECTive case includes SUBJECTs and ³³ predicate nouns. (A common term for a predicate ³³ noun is subject complement.) ³³9 ³³ The OBJECTive case includes all OBJECTs, ³³ direct, indirect, objects of preposition, in- ³³ finitives, and gerunds. ³³9 ³³ The POSSESSIVE case includes those few pronouns ³³ which show POSSESION. ³À9ÄÙ›ÿ›ÿ›ÿ›ÿ›ÿ›=²ªUPÚNÄ¿³N ³³N ³³ SIX PRONOUNS, EACH HAVING THREE FORMS, HAVE CASE ³³ I WE HE SHE THEY WHO ³³ ÚDÄ¿ ³³ ³ 1 2 3 4 5 6 ³ ³³ ÃÄÅÄÅÄÅÄÅÄÅ Ä´ ³³ ³ subjective I ³ WE ³ HE ³ SHE ³ THEY ³ WHO ³ ³³ ÃÄÅÄÅÄÅÄÅÄÅ Ä´ ³³ ³ objective ME ³ US ³ HIM ³ HER ³ THEM ³ WHOM ³ ³³ ÃÄÅÄÅÄÅÄÅÄÅ Ä´ ³³ ³ possessive MY ³ OUR ³ HIS ³ HER ³ THEIR ³ WHOSE ³ ³³ ³ (mine) (ours) (hers) (theirs) ³ ³³ ÀDÄÙ ³³N ³³ The subjective pronouns are all used as subjects or predicate nouns. ³³N ³³ The objective pronouns are all used as objects. ³³N ³³ The possessive pronouns are all used to show possession. ³³N ³³< Press ENTER ³³N ³ÀNÄÙ7Ÿ¢—LŸ—Ÿ2—Ÿ—Ÿ—ŸžŸžŸžŸžŸžŸŸ—ŸžFŸ—ôD—Ÿ—žF—Ÿ—ž Ÿ —Ÿ—ŸŸŸŸ Ÿ—žF—Ÿ—ž —Ÿ——Ÿ—Ÿ—Ÿ—Ÿ—Ÿ——Ÿ—žF—Ÿ—ž —Ÿ——Ÿ—Ÿ—Ÿ—ŸŸ——Ÿ——Ÿ—Ÿ— Ÿ—Ÿ— —Ÿ—žF—ŸT—Ÿž Ÿ7—Ÿ—JŸ—Ÿž Ÿ"—Ÿ—LŸ—Ÿž Ÿ*—Ÿ—LŸ—;Ÿ —Ÿ¢ Ÿ—Ÿ— —tŽt—žF—tŽtŸLtŽt—Ÿž Ÿ7—tŽt—JŸtŽt—Ÿž Ÿ"—tŽt—LtŽt—Ÿž Ÿ*—tŽt—LtŽt—;Ÿ —tŽôNŽQpªUPFQ°ÉLÍ»°°ºL º°°ºL º°°º ÉÍ» º°°º º Subjective Case º º°°º Èͼ º°°ºL º°°º Study the following examples.) º°°º ?Ä º°°ºL º°°º SUE and I traveled together to( º°°º The pronoun ``I'' is used as a subject. º°°ºL º°°º We, Sue and I, swam and fished at Lake Powell. º°°º The appositions, Sue and I, take the same case as the word º°°º to which they refer, "we." You would not say "Sue and me." º°°ºL º°°º Is that? º°°º Yes, it is I.9 º°°º The predicate noun takes the subjective case. º°°ºL º°°º; Press ENTER º°°ÈLͼQ°ÏŸQŽNŸ—LŸ—LŸ—Ÿ—Ÿ—Ÿ——Ÿ—Ÿ—Ÿ—LŸ—Ÿ7—Ÿ—Ÿ?—Ÿ—LŸ—Ÿ —Ÿ—Ÿ—ŸFŸ—LŸ—ŸFŸ—ŸC—Ÿ—ŸFŸ—LŸ—Ÿ—>Ÿ—Ÿ —Ÿ%—Ÿ—ŸŸ0—Ÿ—Ÿ—LŸ—;Ÿ —ŸŽNŸQ—Ÿ—LŸ—;Ÿ —ŸŽNŸQQŸ—Ÿ —Ÿ$—Ÿ—7Ÿ—Ÿ—Ÿ/—Ÿ—;Ÿ —ŸŽNŸQ;ªUPYQ°ÉLÍ»°°ºL º°°ºL º°°º ÉÍ» º°°º º Objective Case º º°°º Èͼ º°°ºL º°°º Study the following examples.) º°°º ?Ä º°°ºL º°°º My grandparents,6 º°°ºL º°°º Here "ME" is used as the object of the preposition "for." º°°ºL º°°º TheC º°°ºL º°°ºL º°°ºL º°°ºL º°°ºL º°°ºL º°°º; Press ENTER º°°ÈLͼQ°¹ŸQŽNŸ—LŸ—LŸ—Ÿ—Ÿ—Ÿ—Ÿ—Ÿ—Ÿ—Ÿ—LŸ—ŸA—Ÿ—Ÿ?—Ÿ—LŸ—Ÿ—5Ÿ—LŸ—Ÿ>—Ÿ—FŸŸ—Ÿ—AŸ—F—ŸŸ—LŸ—LŸ—LŸ—LŸ—LŸ—;Ÿ —ŸŽNŸQ—LŸ—LŸ—;Ÿ —ŸŽNŸQŸQϪU  •ÉÍ» º Before we º º continue, º º let's review. º º º º Answer a few º º questions. º º º º Press ENTER º Èͼ er ,ô—ô‹ô‹ô‹ô‹ô‹ô‹ô‹ô‹ô‹Ÿ‹TªUP…Q°ÉLÍ»°°ºL º°°ºL º°°º Ú*Ä¿ÚÄ¿ º°°º ³ Which case will be used as a subject ³³ ³ º°°º À*ÄÙÀÄÙ º°°ºL º°°ºL º°°ºL º°°º Ú*Ä¿ÚÄ¿ º°°º ³ Which case will be used as an object ³³ ³ º°°º À*ÄÙÀÄÙ º°°ºL º°°ºL º°°ºL º°°º Ú*Ä¿ÚÄ¿ º°°º ³ Which case shows possession ³³ ³ º°°º À*ÄÙÀÄÙ º°°ºL º°°ºL º°°ºL º°°ºL º°°ÈLͼQ°¾ŸQŽNŸ—LŸ—LŸ—ô,Ÿ—Ÿ—ô,Ÿ—Ÿ—ô,Ÿ—Ÿ—LŸ—LŸ—LŸ—ô,Ÿ—Ÿ—ô,Ÿ—Ÿ—ô,Ÿ—Ÿ—LŸ—LŸ—LŸ—ô,Ÿ—Ÿ—ô,Ÿ—Ÿ—ô,Ÿ—Ÿ—LŸ—LŸ—LŸ—LŸŽNŸQNŸQOªUæÚÄ¿Äij ³ ³ Now I will ³ ³ show you some ³ ³ pronouns. Depend- ³ ³ ing on the case, ³ ³ press s, o, or p. ³ ³ ³ ³ s = subjective ³ ³ o = objective ³ ³ p = possessive ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ÀÄÙ ÄÄ CŸôŸˆŸˆŸˆŸˆŸˆŸŸ ˆŸˆŸˆŸˆŸˆŸ—ŸˆŸˆŸˆôˆ`Ÿ—Ÿ`‡`Ÿ`‡à‡ô‡–ªUP„Q°ÉLÍ»°°ºL º°°ºL º°°º ÚÄ¿$ º°°º ³ ³$ º°°º ³ Press s, o, or p. ³$ º°°º ³ ³ ÚÄ¿ º°°º ³ s = subjective ³ ³ ³ º°°º ³ o = objective ³ ÀÄÙ º°°º ³ p = possessive ³$ º°°º ³ ³$ º°°º ÀÄÙ$ º°°ºL º°°ºL º°°ºL º°°º ÚÄ¿ ÚÄ¿ º°°º ³ ³ ³ answer ³ º°°º ÀÄÙ ÀÄÙ º°°ºL º°°ºL º°°ºL º°°ºL º°°ÈLͼQ°æŸQŽNŸ—LŸ—LŸ— ô—$Ÿ— ô‡—"Ÿ— ô‡—"Ÿ— ô‡—Ÿ—Ÿ— ô‡—Ÿ—Ÿ— ô‡—Ÿ—Ÿ— ô‡—"Ÿ— ô‡—"Ÿ— ô‡—"Ÿ—‡—"Ÿ—LŸ—LŸ—Ÿ— Ÿ—Ÿ—Ÿ— Ÿ—Ÿ—Ÿ— Ÿ—Ÿ—LŸ—-žŸ—LŸ—LŸŽNŸQŸ—-ŸŸŸ—LŸ—LŸŽNŸQùªU( ç)Û& ÛÛ Look at a few more examples: ÛÛ& ÛÛ Brother Hackworth will award an ÛÛ A grade to WHOEVER is willing ÛÛ to work. ÛÛ& ÛÛ WHOEVER is the subject of ``is ÛÛ willing to work.'' ÛÛ Press ENTER )ÛôÿôájªU ( VÚ&Ä¿³& ³³ Also notice that ``whoever is ³³ willing to work'' is the object ³³ of the preposition ``to.'' ³³& ³³ The case of who, whom, whoever, ³³ whomever will be determined by ³³ the way the word is used in the ³³ clause or phrase. For subjects ³³ use who; for objects use whom. ³³ Press ENTER ³À&ÄÙôÿôÿô ÛªU)( ÉÚ&Ä¿³& ³³ Study another example: ³³& ³³ Loni is the girl for whom I built ³³ the house. ³³& ³³ Here WHOM is the object of the ³³ preposition ``for.'' ³³& ³³ Press ENTER ³À&ÄÙôÿôá-ªU )( )Û& ÛÛ Consider if the pronoun is the ÛÛ subject or object of an implied ÛÛ verb. ÛÛ& ÛÛ He is older than I [am]. ÛÛ He is as fast as they [are]. ÛÛ He loves you as much as I [love]. ÛÛ He loves you better than [he ÛÛ loves] me. ÛÛ Press ENTER )Ûôÿôÿô ªUPÅQÛN ÛÛ Use objective case for the subject or object of an infinitive. ÛÛN ÛÛ I EXPECTED HER TO WIN. ``Her'' is the subject of the infinitive ÛÛ ``to win.''? ÛÛ< Press ENTER QÛ.ŽQ—NŽ—Ÿ>— Ž—NŽ—Ÿ—Ÿ(— Ž—Ÿ —=Ž—<Ÿ —ŽQéªU PÅÉNÍ»ºN ºº I EXPECTED HER TO BEAT HIM./ ººN ºº ``Her'' is the subject of the infinitive ``to beat.'' ºº ``Him'' is the object of the infinitive ``to beat.'' ºº< Press ENTER ºÈNͼžU—ž5Ÿž…Ÿ5žŸ4žTŸ žXáªUP ÁQÛN ÛÛ SUE ASKED ME TO HELP HER.1 ÛÛN ÛÛ ``Me'' is the subject of the infinitive ``to help.'' ÛÛ ``Her'' is the object of the infinitive ``to help.'' ÛÛN ÛÛ< Press ENTER QÛž¥Ÿž‡Ÿ4žŸ4ž¤Ÿ žX7ªUÓÖÄ·º ºº ºº This completes ºº the CASE tutor- ºº ial. Be sure ºº to go through ºº it several times ºº if your score ºº on the drill is ºº low. ºº ºº Press ENTER ºÓĽVôžôžôžŸžôžŸžôžŸ žôžŸ žôžŸžôžŸ žôžŸžôžŸžôžôžŸ žô#ªUP¯ÿ ý Ý5 Ý Ý5 Ý Ý5 Ý One minute Ý5 Ý please . . . Ý5 Ý Ý5 Ý Ý5 Ý I'm building Ý5 Ý your test. Ý5 Ý Ý5 Ý Ý5 Ý Ý5 Ý Ý5 Ýÿ ª f—ÿ—ý‡—5——5——5—Ÿ — —5—Ÿ — —5——5——5—Ÿ — —5—Ÿ — —5——5——5——5——5‡—ÿ—ª»U1»U2Á»U31»U4 »U5à »U6 »U75»U8©»U9è»U10»»U11»U12f»U13»U14ý»U15k »U16J!»U17{"»U18€#»U19m$»U20R%»U21&