.screen 0 .cls .skip 6 .color 11 .cen (*How to Use the PC-CAI Program Generator-CREATE*) .cen(*(C)Copyright Alan C. Elliott, 1986-90) .skip 4 .pau (*Please press ENTER*) .cls .col 12 .cen(*A BASIC UNDERSTANDING*) .skip 3 .color 3 The PC-CAI Program Generator, called CREATE, is very simple to use. However, you must have a basic understanding about how a PC-CAI tutorial is set up. With CREATE, you can create a tutorial such as the one you are now using. Once you have progressed, you may skip using CREATE at all, and create your own PC-CAI program using a text editor, which is provided with PC-CAI. .skip 3 Let's discover the basic structure of a PC-CAI tutorial. .skip 3 .color 10 .pau (*Please press ENTER*) .cls 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � TITLE � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴켸  旼컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � TUTORIAL � � TEXT � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 .col 3 .loc 16,1 A tutorial usually begins with a title. After a TITLE is given, there will generally be some tutorial text, such as an explanation of what is coming up, or a teaching session. This text may precede a "Question" session, and is displayed for the student generally once. .pau (*Please press ENTER*) .loc 14,1 .bla 8 .loc 5,1 .col 12 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � TUTORIAL � |-->� TEXT � | 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 |<-------  ----------> STOP 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � Q & A Session � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� .loc 16,1 .col 3 Following tutorial text, the program may .col 11 STOP � GO TO ANOTHER TEXT SECTION � OR BEGIN A QUESTION SECTION .col 3 For each question in the tutorial, the program must know what are the right and (sometimes) the wrong answers. .pau (*Please press ENTER*) .loc 16,1 .bla 8 .loc 13,1 .col 11  旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � ANSWER IS � � EVALUATED � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� .loc 18,1 .bla 6 .loc 18,1 .col 3 After the question is asked and an answer is entered by the student, the program checks to determine if the answer is right or wrong. .pau (*Please press ENTER*) .col 11 .loc 15,45 (*---*) .loc 14,47 (*|*) .loc 13,47 (*|*) .loc 12,47 (*|*) .loc 11,45 (*<--*) .loc 12,50 (*Loop according to*) .loc 13,50 (*number of tries*) .loc 14,50 (*allowed.*) .loc 18,1 .bla 6 .loc 18,1 .col 3 If the answer given is wrong, the question may be asked again. The author of the program specifies how many tries the student will have. .pau (*Please press ENTER*) .loc 18,1 .bla 5 .col 11 .loc 18,1  <----Continue------or-------Stop-------> .loc 18,16 (*|*) .loc 17,16 (*|*) .loc 16,16 (*|*) .loc 15,16 (*|*) .loc 14,16 (*|*) .loc 13,16 (*|*) .loc 12,16 (*|*) .loc 11,16 (*|---------->*) .loc 10,16 (*|*) .loc 9,16 (*|*) .loc 8,16 (*|*) .loc 7,16 (*------->*) .loc 21,1 .col 3 If the question is answered correctly, or if the number of tries is exhausted, the tutorial may (1) STOP, (2) Begin another question, or (3) Enter another Tutorial Text section, concluding the cycle. .pau (*Please press ENTER*) .cls .col 11 .skip 2 .cen (*CREATE*) .col 3 That is a brief look at a typical tutorial. The CREATE program can help you create tutorials like the one outlined above. .skip 4 .col 12 WHAT IS THE CREATE PROGRAM? .col 3 CREATE is the AUTHORING SYSTEM program of the PC-CAI Development System. It asks the tutorial author a series of questions, and from the author's answers, the program CREATE creates a PC-CAI program (stored in a computer file), which can then be run. .pau (*Please Press ENTER*) .cls .col 12 The Flow of Creation A Typical Scenario .col 3 ONE TWO THREE ________________ __________________ ___________________ In the beginning Second, the author Third, the PC-CAI run the tutorial uses the editor to module is started, author runs the correct any typos and the tutorial is CREATE program. or to make minor tested. If corrections changes. need to be made, go back to the second step. .col 10 RESULT RESULT RESULT A PC-CAI tutorial The PC-CAI tutorial A finished product. is stored in a file is updated computer file. with corrections. .col 3 .pau (*Please press ENTER*) .cls .col 12 TWO MAJOR PROGRAMS USED IN THE CREATION PROCESS .col 3 There are two major programs used in the creation process. 1. CREATE - The authoring program 2. CAI - The "run module", which interprets the tutorial program, and causes it to do what the author has instructed. The CAI module also contains the editor. There is a third important program called CAI-UTIL that contains support routines including the IMAGE maker, used for animation and program setup. @begin .col 3 Please enter the name of the program which creates a tutorial by asking the author questions about the contents of the tutorial. .col 12 @read(*Enter the name here :*) @right (*CREATE*) force nocase .col 10 VERY GOOD! .play (*mfo2l16cdefgabo3c*) @end .pau (*Please press ENTER*) .loc 9,1 .bla 14 .loc 11,1 @begin .col 3 Please enter the name of the program which runs the created tutorial. .col 12 @read(*Enter the name here :*) @right (*CAI*) force nocase .col 10 VERY GOOD! .play (*mfo2l16cdefgabo3c*) @end .pau (*Please press ENTER*) .loc 11,1 .bla 11 .loc 11,1 @begin .col 3 Please enter the name of the program that contains the PC-CAI editor. .col 12 @read(*Enter the name here :*) @right (*CAI*) force nocase .col 10 VERY GOOD! .play (*mfo2l16cdefgabo3c*) @end .pau (*Please press ENTER*) .cls .col 12 BEGINNING THE CREATE PROGRAM .col 3 .skip 3 To begin the CREATE tutorial, you must have the PC-CAI Development System Diskette in Drive A (or on hard disk drive C) and the "A>" or "C>" prompt must be on the screen. The command to begin the program is simply C>CREATE .col 12 You try it...enter the command to begin the CREATE program: .col 7 @begin @tries 99 @READ(*C>*) @RIGHT (*CREATE*) Exact nocase .col 10 VERY GOOD! .play (*mfo2l16cdefgabo3c*) .pau (*Please press ENTER*) @wrong Be careful in typing in the name of the CREATE program. .pau (*Please press Enter*) .loc 11,1 .bla 11 .loc 12,1 @end .cls .col 3 Once the CREATE program begins, you are presented with a list of tutorial types to choose from. These types define the general "look" of a tutorial. Later, we will learn how you can create your own custom tutorial types. 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 �1. Test:One right answer (Exact Nocase), one chance, reply � �2. Test:One right answer (Keyword), one chance, no replies � �3. Allow full flexibility in the design of tutorial. � �4. Define your own tutorial type. � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 .col 12 The Most Flexible .col 3 The most flexible tutorial type causes the CREATE program to ask the tutorial author the maximum number of questions. You will often want to use a more restricted tutorial type to avoid answering questions unnecessary for the particular tutorial you may be creating. .pau (*Please press ENTER*) .cls .COL 10 Synopsis of a tutorial .col 3 1. The Title Screen 2. Textual Information 3. Question(s) 4. Ending Parts 1 and 4 occur only once, and parts 2 and 3 may occur many times. .pau (*Please press Enter*) .cls .cen(*Entering Text in CREATE*) In each of the parts of CREATE where you enter textual information, the same procedure is used. 1. The prompt ">" will always appear at the far left side of the screen. 2. As you type information on the screen, a "word wrap" will occur when the typing reaches the right edge of the screen, so that you need not press the enter key as you type. Pressing the Esc key ends the entry. 3. To backup and correct an entry on the same line, use the <-- key next to the = key. 4. To backup an entire line, enter a .B after the > prompt. 5. To end a section without saving it (abort) enter a .A after the > prompt. 6. It will often be advisable to put off correcting mistakes as you are entering textual material, and to correct those mistakes in the Editor. .pau (*Please press ENTER*) .cls REVIEW @Beg @tri 4 In order to backup a line to make a correction, what command is entered after the > prompt? @READ(*Enter your answer here >*) @RIGHT(*.B*)exact nocase Correct! Also remember that the command is abort a section is .play (*o2mbl16cdefgabo3c*) >.A .pau (*Please press Enter*) @Wrong The backup command at the > prompt is a dot (.) plus a B. .pau (*Please press Enter*) .loc 4,1 .bla 18 .loc 4,1 @wrong Final The answer is >.B @end @beg @tries 4 .col 3 .cls Here is a typical situation: You have typed this textual material, and then notice that the name Washington is misspelled... >George Washington was the first President of the United States. He is >remembered for his brilliant role commanding the Continental Army during the >American Revolution, and his wooden teeth. > What should you do to correct the misspelling? 1) Enter .B three times, and re-enter the sentence. 2) Enter .A to abort the section, and begin again. 3) Wait and correct it using the PC-CAI editor. @READ(*Enter the number of your answer here :*) @RIGHT(*3*) exact Correct, that is the best choice. To correct minor (or major) mistakes, the PC-CAI editor will do the fastest, easiest job. .play (*o2mbl16cdefgabo3c*) @Wrong (*2*) exact That is a possible choice, but not the best. .pau (*Please press ENTER*) @Wrong (*1*) exact That is a possible choice, but not the best. .pau (*Please press ENTER*) @end .pau (*Please press Enter*) @beg @tries 4 .cls Once you are satisfied that the entry is acceptable, which key will you press? 1) Esc key 2) Enter Key 3) Break Key @Read (Enter your answer here >*) @Right(*1*) exact Very Good! .play (*o2mbl16cdefgabo3c*) @Wrong No, the proper key to press is the escape key (Esc), located at the upper left of the keyboard. .pau (*Please press Enter*) @end .pau (*Please press ENTER*) .cls TYPES OF ANSWER MATCHES During the course of creating a tutorial, or in the process of defining a tutorial, you will need to specify what KIND of match to expect the user to give to a question. This instructs the PC-CAI program how to MATCH the answer the user gives to the answer that you have indicated as the correct answer. .col 12 TYPES OF MATCHES .col 3 KEYWORD EXACT EXACT NOCASE SOUNDEX DECIMAL LIST FORCE FORCE NOCASE .pau (*Please press Enter*) .cls .col 12 THE KEYWORD MATCH .col 3 KEYWORD matches answers by testing to see if the designated answer is CONTAINED in the user's answer (ignoring case). For instance, The designated answer is WASHINGTON. The user answers George Washington. The word WASHINGTON is contained in the answer George Washington, therefore, it is a match. You must be careful with the keyword match since "John Washington" and "Washington DC" would both also match the designated answer. .pau (*Please press Enter*) .cls .col 12 EXACT and EXACT NOCASE .col 3 EXACT matches answers by testing that the answer matches letter by letter, and case is important. In other words "BILL" would not match with "Bill". EXACT NOCASE is the same as EXACT, except case does not matter. In the EXACT NOCASE instance, "BILL" and "Bill" would be a match. Exact nocase is recommended for use in a multiple choice question, where the list of answers is by letters such as a. Washington b. Jefferson etc SOUNDEX is like EXACT NOCASE, except slight misspellings will not cause a mismatch. For instance SMITH will match with SMYTH or SMYTHE. .pau (*Please press Enter*) .cls .col 12 DECIMAL .col 3 DECIMAL indicates that the answer is a decimal number, that is a number of the type 10 or 10.1 or 101.345. An answer of the type 1 3/4 would NOT be a decimal number. .col 12 LIST .col 3 LIST allows the designated answer to be a list of words, separated by commas, such as wheat, barley, oats. Case is not checked. The list may be in any order since "barley,wheat,oats will match "oats,Barley, WHEAT". .col 12 FORCE and FORCE NOCASE .col 3 FORCE indicates that the user will be forced to enter the designated answer. Any character which does not match the answer will be not be printed on the screen, and a beep will indicate that the character is not a part of the answer. FORCE checks for case, and FORCE NOCASE ignores case. .pau (*Please press ENTER*) @beg @tries 4 .cls Let's say you have created the question: .col 12 Who was the first president of the United States: a. Benjamin Franklin b. Johnny Carson c. George Washington d. Francis Asbury Please enter your answer: .col 3 What kind of answer type would you designate? a. KEYWORD b. SOUNDEX c. EXACT d. EXACT NOCASE @READ(*Please enter your answer:*) @RIGHT(*d*) EXACT NOCASE .play (*o2mbl16cdefgabo3c*) That is correct since you want the answer to be exact, but case does not matter. @wrong No. Remember, you want the answer to match a, b, c, or d, (or A, B, C, or D). .pau (*Please press ENTER*) @End .pau (*Please press ENTER*) @beg @tries 4 .cls Suppose you enter the question: .col 12 Enter the name of the first president of the USA : .col 3 What kind of answer type would you designate a. KEYWORD b. SOUNDEX c. EXACT d. EXACT NOCASE @READ(*Please enter your answer:*) @RIGHT(*a*) exact nocase .play (*o2mbl16cdefgabo3c*) Correct, since you want the word WASHINGTON to be the keyword on which to match, and you will allow for various answers such as GEORGE WASHINGTON and G. WASHINGTON @WRONG (*b*) exact nocase Could be right, but let's assume you want them to spell the answer correctly. .pau (*Please press ENTER*) @wrong No, you want the word WASHINGTON to be the keyword on which to match, and you will allow for various answers such as GEORGE WASHINGTON and G. WASHINGTON .pau (*Please press ENTER*) @END .pau (*Please press ENTER*) .cls .col 12 SUMMARY INFORMATION .col 3 1. The most common match used is KEYWORD, with the next being EXACT NOCASE. 2. If you use LIST, make sure the question is worded so that the user knows that the answer must contain a list with commas separating each item. 3. SOUNDEX checks for words that "sound" correct. 4. When you use decimal, word the question so that an answer of the type 3 3/4 is not given instead of 3.75. 5. The FORCE match is not supported in the CREATE program since it supports the concept of RIGHT, but does not allow a wrong answer. It may be added to a tutorial using the PC-CAI editor. .pau (*Please press ENTER*) .cls .color 12 REVIEW .color 3 The PC-CAI system consists of several "modules". They are CREATE ....Helps you create tutorials CAI .......Runs tutorials and contains an editor to allow you to create or edit tutorial files. CAI-UTIL ..Contains support routines, including the IMAGE routine that allows you to draw pictures for use in graphics or animation. Please Refer to the PC-CAI manual for further information. .locate 24,1 .pause @MENU