?_?’’’’³ˆ/&lpü/&;)z4D_CAGR 0x7902’’ … ’’’’bm0|CTXOMAP|FONTŲ|KWBTREEU(|KWDATAż!|KWMAP>(|SYSTEMn|TOMAP§|TOPIC¤|TTLBTREE„@žė†Ćč8ī‹v‹~ öt‹Ē= t*véŃ=ué=ué’vW’v ’v’vš‚éĢ’vV’v’včśķ+Ą™é¹Vø†P’v ’v’vš‘9•ėƋDF ;F u-’6ˆ ø ™RP’vøyŗ-RP+ĄPVšŻM‰F Ą|N‹DFF ė‹DF9F r>D>;F v6V’v š-‰F Vø"P’v +ĄPPš‘9•‹^ öG1 uét’SøPšāżég’‹F $š= št=@št =`št= ńté)’ƒ|@ué ’’t@øP’v ’v’vš‘9•ééƒ~ ué’žV+ĄPP’v’vøPš/½éčžVšc6•é’‹^öG1 téõžƒ|Buéģžƒ|@té枃~ %u‹F9G2tƒ~ 'téĢžS+ĄPš' Õ9Ft點’tB+ĄPš' Õ‹Č‹TBėh‹^öG1 té{žƒ~ -téržƒ|@t+ĄŗėFƒ|Bué\ž’tBøPøńPø-™RPšÓ%•+Ąŗė =†ué_ž=uélž= t£=uéC’éžĆčģ‹vFųP‹D6Pš^•’t6FųPš†•’t6FüPš†•FųP’t0’t.+ĄP’t,’t*š>•‹Fų)Fü‹Fś)FžÄ^‹Fų‹Vś&‰G&‰W ‹Fü‹Vž&‰G&‰WĆč¦ė‹v‹^ ‹6‹E6‰FųSšļ Õ‹F 9E@u4ƒžt/÷EHu(’vųWPøPšV-ĒE@’vųWø™RPčsė’vųšq õƒžub‹E@9F u霁MH’‰Fś Ąt)‹Ų€g1ļ’vųWP+ĄPšV-’vśøĢP+ĄPš˜½‹^ś€O1‹F ‰E@’vųWPšž-’vųWø™RPč ėeHūƒžu6‹Eė‹^ž‹‰Fž Ąt‹ŲƒuģöG1tęƒ~žt’vžø"P+ĄPPPš‘9•€}6-lEš&˜N8#2K N2K N2KÖ2K®N_‚§).Ø3[ ś ’’’’ ’’’’+ +!²’’’’Index NameLŹ+L‚ր€¦)°€‚‚į€‰€‚į‰€‚įŽ‰€‚į‰€‚įL‰€‚įM‰€‚‚‚€€‚€€€€€€€‚’Compete! Modeler HelpAlert MessagesCommandsFunctionsGlossaryKeyboardProceduresFor information how to use Help:press F1 or choose Using Help from the Help menu.;L;38€€¦)°€†€€‚‚€‚’!;!!L’’’’’’’’+!+&€€¦)°€€‚’ /+/!5Alert Messages‡/•ü€€¦)°€‚‚ą€‰€‚ą‰€‚ą‰€‚ą‰€‚ą‰€‚ą‰€‚ą‰€‚ą‰€‚ą‰€‚ą‰€‚ą‰€‚’Alert MessagesAll possible formulas cannot be displayedApply one formula at a timeAudit trail limit reachedAutomatic calculation mode requiredBad Compete! reference Bad syntax in command Can only goal seek on numerical valuesCannot close Compete! Cannot create file Cannot goal seek on a cell with a value errorCannot hide last visible object;µ;†Ž€€¦)°ą€‰€‚ą‰€‚ą ‰€‚ą!‰€‚ą"‰€‚ą#‰€‚ą$‰€‚ą%‰€‚ą&‰€‚ą'‰€‚’Cannot merge, dimensions do not matchCannot modify structure during recalculationCannot modify structure while applying a formulaCannot interpret period Cannot paste to complex rangeCannot perform task on a multiple selectionCannot perform task on this selectionCannot resolve circular referenceCannot set formula scope during recalculationCannot set scope while another formula is being applied {;ņ€€¦)°ą(€‰€‚ą)‰€‚ą*‰€‚ą+‰€‚ą,‰€‚ą-‰€‚ą.‰€‚ą/‰€‚ą0‰€‚ą1‰€‚ą2‰€‚’Cell is protectedCopy and paste areas are different shapesCould not initiate DDE linkData table already in progressdBase can be written from view selections onlydBase field too largeDimension has spU aces in its nameDimension name is too long Dimension name already existsError in formulaExpression invalid - save and reload your workh €¦)°ą3€‰€‚ą4‰€‚ą5‰€‚ą6‰€‚ą7€‰€‚ą8‰€‚ą9‰€‚ą:‰€‚ą;‰€‚ą<‰€‚ą=‰€‚ą>‰€‚’File is 'read only'File is not a Compete! 4.0 fileFile record mark missingFill already in progressFormat too complexFormat too largeFormula references another object on this dimensionFormula too bigFormula too complexGoal seek cannot converge to a solutionGoal seek could not find a solution Illegal reference`®.€¦)°ą?€‰€‚ą@‰€‚ąA‰€‚ąB‰€‚ąC‰€‚ąD‰€‚ąE‰€‚ąF‰€‚ąG‰€‚ąH‰€‚ąI‰€‚ąJ‰€‚ąK‰€‚ąL‰€‚’Illegal selectionIncomplete sheet referenceIncorrect passwordInvalid parameterInvalid periodInvalid number of objects Invalid paste area selectionInvalid sheet referenceList separator = decimal pointMinimum bound should be less than maximumMissing '('Missing ')'Missing operandMissing operator$”$ņ€€¦)°ąM€‰€‚ąN‰€‚ąO‰€‚ąP‰€‚ąQ‰€‚ąR‰€‚ąS‰€‚ąT‰€‚ąU‰€‚ąV‰€‚ąW‰€‚’Missing parameterModel has only one dimensionModel must have at least two dimensionsModel to be merged cannot have more dimensionsModel to be merged must have same dimensionsMultiple outputs not allowed in this modeName already existsName already in use as a dimensionName already in use as an objectNo dimensional information foundNo field information foundw$ņ€€¦)°ąX€‰€‚ąY‰€‚ąZ‰€‚ą[‰€‚ą\‰€‚ą]‰€‚ą^‰€‚ą_‰€‚ą`‰€‚ąa‰€‚ąb‰€‚’No formula available for this cellNo information describing fieldNo matchNo match on current cellNo printer set upNot enoughŗ Ž  memory for this operationNumerical error occurred during goal seekOne dimension must be named 'Variables'Only a 2-D selection can be pasted to a sheetOnly worksheets may be importedOut of logical capacity‡‰䀀¦)°ąc€‰€‚ąd‰€‚ąe€‰€‚ąf‰€‚ąg‰€‚ąh‰€‚ąi‰€‚ąj‰€‚ąk‰€‚ąl‰€‚’Output cell should contain a numerical valuePaste already in progressPromotion of this cell would result in an illegal global referenceProtected cells in rangeRange table invalid - save and reload your workReference not uniqueSelect an object on a dimensionSelect an object to deleteSelection repeatedSelection should only vary across one dimension"ˆ"š€¦)°ąm€‰€‚ąn‰€‚ąo‰€‚ąp‰€‚ąq‰€‚ąr‰€‚ąs‰€‚ąt‰€‚ąu‰€‚ąv‰€‚ąw‰€‚ąx‰€‚’Sheet allocation exceededStructure change in progressTarget cell does not depend on the source cellTerm expression not reversibleToo complex - save and reload before attempting this actionToo many exceptions definedToo many external referencesToo many formatsToo many page breaksToo many rangesToo many ranges in formulaToo many saved windows³"i¤€€¦)°ąy€‰€‚ąz‰€‚ą{‰€‚ą|‰€‚ą}‰€‚ą~‰€‚ą‰€‚‚’Too many termsUnmatched '('Unmatched ')'View allocation exceededView/Sheet reference mismatchWrong number of argumentsXLS file is password protectedJ)J!’’’’All possible formulas cannot be displayedEJE/0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’All possible formulas cannot be displayedAll the possible formulas which may be applied to cells in the selected range cannot be shown due to lack of display space. You should select a smaller or less complex range which has a more restricted set of possible formulas. <EH! Apply one formula‰ĪĪ at a timeX)HX/0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’Apply one formula at a timeYou may not apply a global formula while another global formula is still being applied to the database. You should wait until the first formula has been applied before proceeding. (You may terminate the application of the first formula by hitting the ESC key.) :X:!éAudit trail limit reachedA:A$€€¦)°€‚‚’Audit trail limit reachedG%AG"€€¦)€‚’Using an audit trail relationships between database cells may be traced up to a limit of 50 levels. In most cases this is sufficient. If however, you find that you wish to proceed with an audit beyond this limit you may open a new audit trail which starts at the end point of the first one.'G'#€€¦)°€‚’ D#'D!ĖAutomatic calculation mode required‡SD‡4:€€¦)°€‚‚€‚‚‚‚‚‚€€‚’Automatic calculation mode requiredCertain operations cannot be carried out while the system is in manual calculation mode.If you get this message, you should set the calculation mode to automatic using the Options Calculation menu item dialog.Operations which require automatic calculation mode are:- Goal Seek- Data Table 7‡7!MBad Compete! referenceß77@€€¦)°€‚‚€‚‚€€‚€€‚’Bad Compete! reference A bad Compete! reference was detected during a script file import.For instance a reference like P1.Units.USA = 5.00 could not be resolved if no object called P1 had been earlier defined. 66!åBad syntax in command>6>$€€¦)°€‚‚’Bad syntax in command qK>q&€€¦)€‚€‚’Incorrect comand syntax was detected during a .COL format file import.G&qG!#Can only goal seek on numerical valuesŠ”GÜ/0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’Can only goal seek on numerical values It is not pT›Tossible to perform a goal seek on a cell which contains a non-numerical value (e.g. text or logical). 6Ü6!,Cannot close Compete!öĮ6ö5<€€¦)°€‚‚€‚‚‚‚‚‚€‚€‚’Cannot close Compete! Compete! cannot be closed down while it is performing certain tasks. These include:- Executing a fill or paste operation- Making a structure change- Recalculating the database- PrintingThis message should inform you which task currently in progress is preventing Compete! from closing down. Should you wish to close Compete! rather than wait, you may in general terminate the task early by pressing the ESC key. 3ö3!LCannot create fileź3/0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’Cannot create file Compete! could not create the required dBase file. This problem may be due to lack of disk space or because you attempted to create the file on a drive with restricted access (such as some network drives). N-N!ĀCannot goal seek on a cell with a value errortENt/0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’Cannot goal seek on a cell with a value errorIt is not possible to perform a goal seek on a cell with a value error - indicated by #VAL, #NUM , #DIV/0 or similar. If you get this message you should alter the initial value of the goal seek source cell so that the target cell does not contain a value error flag. @t@! Cannot hide last visible objectŹ›@Ź/0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’Cannot hide last visible objectIt is not possible to hide all the objects on a dimension. At least one object per dimension must remain visible. G&ŹG!ÉCannot merge - dimensions do not matchvGG‚/0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’Cannot merge - dimensions do not matchThe dBase file which you are trying to inport cannot be merged wih the existing model because it's dimensions do not match those of the model. Check the dimension na»&'»&mes in the dBase file.Note: In this case, Compete! is not case-sensitive (ie "REGIONS" is matched with "Regions"). M,‚M!ŗ Cannot modify structure during recalculationmEMm("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’Cannot modify structure during recalculationIt is not possible to make structure changes to a model while recalculation of the database is in progress. You should wait for the recalculation to finish before proceeding with the structure change. Alternatively you may terminate the recalculation by hitting the ESC key.Q0mQ!õ!Cannot modify structure while applying a formula¤|Q¤("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’Cannot modify structure while applying a formulaIt is not possible to make structure changes to a model while application of a global formula to the database is in progress. You should wait for the application of the formula to finish before proceeding with the structure change. Alternatively you may terminate the application of the global formula by hitting the ESC key.8¤8!Ō "Cannot interpret periodœt8œ("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’Cannot interpret period The forecast interval driver which you have entered into the "Define Periods" box in the Tools Forecast dialog cannot be meaningfully interpreted. You should check that you have correctly entered the name of the driver object or dimension. Mistakes can often be avoided if you create references using point and click techniques with a mouse. >œ>!8!#Cannot paste to complex rangeśĢ>ś..€€¦)°€‚‚€€€‚’Cannot paste to complex rangeIt is in general only possible to paste to a complex range if its extent matches the original range from which the data was copied or is an integral multiple thereof. L+śL!€"$Cannot perform task on a multiple selection(ńL47@€€¦)°€‚€‚€‚‚‚‚‚€‚€‚’Cannot perform task on a multiple selectionCertain operat?/‹/?/ions can only be performed on a contiguous selection of cells.These operations include :- Cut- Copy- Exporting to a script fileYou may proceed by subdividing the selection into a set of contiguous selections and performing the operation on each selection in turn. In the case of a script file this would involve saving a separate file for each selection. Note that for many operations, the selection can be multi-dimensional.F%4F!›#%Cannot perform task on this selectionŚF*&€€¦)°€‚‚€‚‚‚’Cannot perform task on this selectionCertain operations which may be performed on discontiguous ranges, require that the selected range of cells possesses a certain geometric regularity. For example, it is not possible to simultaneously perform a forecast on two separate objects where the selection references six objects on the forecast dimension in one case and only five in the second case.Operations which may not be performed on irregular selections include:Q+Q&€€¦)°€‚‚‚‚’- Tools Forecast - Tools Allocation B!QB!‘$&Cannot resolve circular referenceO'BO("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’Cannot resolve circular referenceDuring calculation of the model, a circular reference or cycle was detected. This means that a cell to be calculated actually depends on itself due to the nature of the formulas which have been applied to the model. It is not possible to resolve this situation in Automatic Calculation mode. You may either change the formulas which have produced the circular reference or enter Manual Calculation mode and use iteration to produce a result. To change calculation modes use the Options Calculation... menu item.N-ON!ŗ%'Cannot set formula scope during recalculation`4Nl,*€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€‚’Cannot set formula scope during recalculationIt is not possible to set the scope of a global formula while calculation of the model is in progress. Yoė697ė6u should wait for the calculation to finish before setting the formula scope. Alternatively you may terminate the calculation by hitting the ESC key.X7lX!¼&(Cannot set scope while another formula is being appliedd;Xd)$€€¦)°€‚‚€‚‚’Cannot set scope while another formula is being appliedIt is not possible to set the scope of a global formula while the application of another global formula to the database is in progress. You should wait for the application of the first formula to finish before setting the scope of the second formula. 2d2!K')Cell is protectedź2/0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’Cell is protectedYou have tried to alter the contents of a cell which has been protected. If you wish to modify the data contained in this cell you must first remove the protection using the Format Unprotect Cells menu item. J)J!>(*Copy and paste areas are different shapesōÅJō/0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’Copy and paste areas are different shapesYou have tried to paste data into an area whose extent is not equal to or an exact multiple of the area from which the data was originally copied. <ō<!)+Could not initiate DDE linkß·<ß("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’Could not initiate DDE linkAn error occurred during the initation of a DDE link which is produced by the Edit Paste Links menu option or by entering an EXTERN formula. The most likely causes of this error are either a failure to execute the remote application or a failure to access the specified data. First check the specification of the directory path to the remote application and then the specification of the data to be linked.?ß?!_*,Data table already in progresså? /0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’Data table already in progressA data table is already being calculated. You should allow the calculation to complete before starting a ne?D??w data table. You may terminate the first data table early by hitting the ESC key. O. O!ļ+-dBase can be written from view selections only xO ("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’dBase can be written from view selections onlyYou cannot write a dBase file using a selection in a Compete! sheet.6 6!Ų,.dBase field too large¢z6¢("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’dBase field too largeThe field of a dBase record read during a file import is too large to be loaded into the model.A ¢A!ņ-/Dimension has spaces in its name±ƒA±..€€¦)°€‚‚€€€‚’Dimension has spaces in its nameYou have tried to create a dBase file from a model with a dimension whose name contains one or more spaces. The dBase format does not allow the use of field names containing spaces so you should rename the dimension in your Compete! model. Note: The underscore character _ is allowed so this can be used to make the dimension name more readable. <±<! .0Dimension name is too longĶ¤<Ķ)$€€¦)°€‚‚€‚‚’Dimension name is too long The dBase format only allows field names of up to 10 characters - use dimension names and object names on the Variables dimension of 10 or less characters in length.Note: One dimension must be named Variables - this is a restriction Compete! imposes for dBase format exchange to allow the the field and record structure to be determined from the Compete! dimension and object structure.>Ķ>!¦/1Dimension name already existsh?>h)$€€¦)°€‚‚€‚‚’Dimension name already existsThere is already a dimension in the model which uses the name you have given. Compete! does not support non-unique dimension names.Note: Non-unique object names are possible and Compete! distinguishes between them by appending a suffix when creating references to non-unique objects.1h@!%02Error in formulaXXXĢG HĢGå½@å("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’Error in formulaThe formula which you entered could not be interpreted correctly. It is likely that an object name has been misspelt or that the formula contains illegal characters.O.åO!213Expression invalid - save and reload your workŽO)$€€¦)°€‚‚€‚‚’Expression dependencies invalid - save and reload your workA bad expression has been found in the database. This is a serious error and it is not advisable to continue working with the model. If you save and reload your work Compete! will attempt to resolve the problem.Warning: The reload of the model will take considerably longer than usual and the message "Reconstructing espression dependencies" will appear in the status window at the bottom of the Compete! window.ܹÜ#€€¦)°€‚’A confidence test may be performed by simultaneously holding down the Ctrl+Shift+P keys. This test runs through the model and checks integrity and attempts to fix any problems found.4Ü4!Z24File is 'read only'&ž4&("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’File is 'read only'You have attempted to write output to a file which is designated as 'read only'. If you really want to overwrite the file use a utility such as Norton Utilities or Xtree to change the attributes of the file and then overwrite it.@&@!|35File is not a Compete! 4.0 file<@<("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’File is not a Compete! 4.0 fileCompete! does not recognise the .MDL file which you have tried to load as a correctly formatted Compete! 4.0 file. If the file should be a Compete! file then it may have been corrupted by a disk problem or during transfer from floppy disk.9<9! 46File record mark missingg?9g("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’File record mark missingThis MDL file has been corrupted.9g9!N57Fill already in progress Ū9..€€¦)°€‚‚€€€‚’™OŅO™OFill already in progressThere is already a fill operation in progress. You should wait until it is completed before proceeding with the next fill. You may also terminate the current fill by hitting the ESC key. 33!Ū68Format too complex؀3Ø("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’Format too complexThe syntax of the format you have defined is too complex, probably containing too many separate clauses.1Ø1!ł79Format too largeČ 1Č("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’Format too largeThe maximum allowable length is dependent on the nature of the format formula - in general, about 60-80 characters per clause are allowed.T3ČT!28:Formula references another object on this dimensionŽ²TŽ,*€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€‚’Formula references another object on this dimensionIt is not possible to make a formula global across a dimension, if the formula references an object of this dimension. 0Ž0!ž9;Formula too bigĪŸ0Ī/0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’Formula too bigThe maximum allowable length is dependent on the nature of the formula - in general, about 300-500 characters per formula are allowed. 4Ī4!C:<Formula too complexę4)$€€¦)°€‚‚€‚‚’Formula too complexThe formula you have tried to enter is too complex, probably containing too many nested calculations. You should try to simplify the formula or redefine it using the results of intermediate calculations. H'H!/;=Goal seek cannot converge to a solutionē¾Hē)$€€¦)°€‚‚€‚‚’Goal seek cannot converge to a solutionGoal seek could not find a solution to within the specified error tolerance. The error tolerance which you have specified may be too stringent. D#ēD!€<>Goal seek could not find a solution0 D<' €€¦)°€‚‚€’Goal seek could not find a solution Goal seek could ]W”W]Wnot locate a possible solution within the specified constraints for the source cell. To achieve the target which you have set, it may be necessary to alter the minimum/maximum constraints on the source cell. 2<2!ē=?Illegal referenceµs2µBV€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€€€€€€‚€‚’Illegal referenceA reference between global and worksheet-level space is illegal. References must be between cells of the same global level.For instance, in a model with dimensions REGIONS, TIME and FINANCIALS the cell REGIONS.1989.FINANCIALS cannot contain a reference to USA.1989.FINANCIALS or to REGIONS.TIME.FINANCIALS but to REGIONS.1993.FINANCIALS2µ2!÷>@Illegal selectionŖ2Å/0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’Illegal selectionThe cell which you have chosen as the allocation source ("Based on") in the Tools Allocation dialog is not a valid choice. ;Å;!g?AIncomplete sheet reference,ń;,;H€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€€€€€‚’Incomplete sheet referenceIn giving the starting point for the output of a data table, you have only given a sheet name and omitted to give the starting coordinate for the tabulation.For instance: Sheet 1 instead of Sheet 1.A1. 3,3!“@BIncorrect passwordZ3' €€¦)°€‚‚€’Incorrect passwordThe password which you have entered was incorrect. Be very careful about password protecting files since there is no way to open the file again if you forget the password. Manageware can recover the file for you if neccessary but this will require sending the file to Manageware and validation of access rights to the file.33!ĄACInvalid parameterY3("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’Invalid parameterA parameter which you have entered into a Tools dialog box cannot be meaningfully interpreted or else is inappropriate in the given context. The most usual cause of this error is a missÖ^ _Ö^pelt or non-existent object name. Mistakes can often be avoided if you create references using point and click techniques with a mouse. //!eBDInvalid period6/6("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’Invalid periodThe driver which you have entered in the "Define Periods" box of the Tools Forecast dialog is not appropriate in the given context. For example, you may not define the forecast periods using an object on the dimension along which you are forecasting.:6:!“CEInvalid number of objectszR:z("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’Invalid number of objects The maximum number of objects allowed on a dimension is 16384. The actual number of objects which fit on a dimension is also limited by the length of the names you choose. The total length for all the object names on any dimension is 65535 characters (including 1 extra terminator character for each name).=z=!DFInvalid paste area selectioną±=ą/0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’Invalid paste area selectionThe area which you have selected for the Edit Paste operation is invalid. Ranges which overlap the copied range are in general not allowed. 8ą8!ßEGInvalid sheet reference§~8§)$€€¦)°€‚‚€‚‚’Invalid sheet referenceA reference to a sheet was made giving either an incorrect name or an invalid sheet coordinate. A §A!FHList separator = decimal pointĄ—AĄ)$€€¦)°€‚‚€‚‚’List separator = decimal point The list separator and the decimal point delimiters have both been defined using the same character. This may cause some features to work incorrectly and result in ambiguity in formulas which you enter. You should rectify this situation by changing either the decimal point or list separator setting in the International Settings dialog of the Windows Control Panel. J)Ą`! GIMinimum bound should be less than maximumXXXXXXXXXX¬g h¬gŖ{`Ŗ/0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’Minimum bound should be less than maximumThe minimum bound for a goal seek should be less than the maximum bound. , Ŗ,!źHJMissing '('¾,¾/0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’Missing '('During the interpretation of the formula which you tried to enter, a missing left parenthesis (open bracket) was detected. , ¾,!šIKMissing ')'Ē,Ä26€€¦)°€‚€‚€‚€€‚’Missing ')'During the interpretation of the formula which you tried to enter, a missing right parenthesis (close bracket) was detected. 0Ä0! JLMissing operandÜØ0Ü4:€€¦)°€‚‚€€€€€‚’Missing operandThe formula which you tried to enter contained an arithmetical operator (such as + or *) which was not followed by an appropriate operand. 1Ü1!„KMMissing operatorS1S5<€€¦)°€‚‚€€€€€‚‚’Missing operatorThe formula which you tried to enter was syntactically incorrect because an arithmetic operator was omitted. This could happen if you tried to enter a formula such as "= price * units", but omitted the * operator or inserted an invalid character in its place.2S2!čLNMissing parameter¶Ž2¶("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’Missing parameterYou have omitted to enter a parameter in a Tools dialog box. The message informs you which parameter you have omitted. =¶=!EMOModel has only one dimensioną=("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’Model has only one dimensionThe model which Compete! has just loaded has only one dimension and a view cannot be displayed. The most likely cause of this problem is an import from an incorrectly structured text file. H'H!*NPModel must have at least two dimensionsÖ®Hā("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’Model must have at least two dimensionsYou have tried to deleteMo•oMo a dimension in a Compete! model which has only two dimensions - a one-dimensional model is not possible.O.āO!yOQModel to be merged cannot have more dimensions*O*("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’Model to be merged cannot have more dimensionsCompete! has detected that the file which you are trying to merge is based on a model with more dimensions than the current structure. It is only possible to merge a model of equal or lower dimensionality.M,*M!0PRModel to be merged must have same dimensionsć»Mć("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’Model to be merged must have same dimension namesCompete! has detected that one or more of the dimension names in the model which you are trying to merge do not match with the dimension names of the current structure. In this case Compete! cannot meaningfully merge the data into the current structure. You should check that the dimensions names in the file being imported match exactly with the dimension names of the current structure.J)ćJ! QSMultiple outputs not allowed in this modeĮ’JĮ/0€€¦)°€‚‚€€‚€‚’Multiple outputs not allowed in this modeIf you have selected the two input mode for a data table, you may only specify one output cell. 4Į4!7RTName already existsŪ4("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’Name already existsYou have tried to name an object with a name which is already in use. Compete! supports the use of non-unique names for objects but warns you in case you prefer to avoid any possible ambiguity. C"C!ÓSUName already in use as a dimensionbC..€€¦)°€‚€‚€€‚’Name already in use as a dimensionAn object may not be given the same name as a dimension.A A!ÜTVName already in use as an objectaA›..€€¦)°€‚‚€€€‚’Name already in use as an objectA dimension may not be given the same name as an object.5wvw5w A ›A!łUWNo dimensional information foundøAø("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’No dimensional information foundNo dimensional information found in imported file. This occurs due to an incorrectly structured text file.;ø;!żVXNo field information foundĀš;Ā("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’No field information foundNo field information found in .COL format import file. Check the .COL file format syntax in the Compete! reference manual.C"ĀC!ŽWYNo formula available for this cell›sC›("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’No formula available for this cellAn attempt was made to change the formula scope for a cell with no formula.@›@!,XZNo information describing fieldģÄ@ģ("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’No information describing field A field was found during the import of a .COL file which had not been previously defined. Check the .COL file format syntax in the Compete! reference manual.)ģ)!Y[No matchģ¾)ģ..€€¦)°€‚‚€€€‚’No matchCompete! cannot find what you are searching for in the current selection. There were either no instances of the specified text or all instances have been found and replaced. 9ģ9!ĢZ\No match on current cell“k9“("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’No match on current cellCompete! cannot find what you are looking for in the currently selected cell.2“2! []No printer set upŪ­2Ū..€€¦)°€‚‚€€€‚’No printer set upUse the File Printer Setup menu option to set up a printer. If there are no printers installed, use the Windows Control Panel to install one first. E$ŪE!r\^Not enough memory for this operation!łE-("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’Not enough memory for this operationThe operation which has been attempted requires more memory than is currently available. You should try to i’~D’~ncrease the amount of available memory by closing down other programs which are currently running.J)-J!į]_Numerical error occurred during goal seek—oJ—("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’Numerical error occurred during goal seekIn the course of a goal seek, a numerical error occurred and the goal seek had to be abandoned. You should change the minimum/maximum bounds on the source cell to exclude values which may produce numerical errors (e.g. negative numbers as arguments of the SQRT function or values which will cause divide by zero errors).H'—H!”^`One dimension must be named 'Variables'L"HL*&€€¦)°€‚€‚€’One dimension must be named 'Variables'If you want to write out the data in your Compete! model in dBase format you must indicate to Compete! which dimension is to be taken as the primary dimension for constructing the dBase records. This is done by naming that dimension 'Variables'.N-LN!Ū_aOnly a 2-D selection can be pasted to a sheet_N..€€¦)°€‚‚€€€‚’Only a 2-D selection can be pasted to a sheetYou may only paste a two-dimensional selection into a sheet. Compete! cannot determine how to arrange a selection of higher dimensionality within a sheet which is a two-dimensional structure. You may paste a three or higher-dimensional selection into a sheet as a series of two-dimensional slices. @@!ų`bOnly worksheets may be importedø@ø+(€€¦)°€‚€‚€‚’Only worksheets may be importedYou may only import Microsoft Excel worksheet files (.XLS). Macro and chart files may not be imported. 8ø8!čacOut of logical capacity¤{8°)$€€¦)°€‚‚€‚‚’Out of logical capacityYour model has grown too large in terms of its logical capacity. It is not possible to add any more objects or dimensions to this model.The capacity of a Compete! model is 2 billion cells. For example, ¹†ń†¹†a model with 5 dimensions, each containing 10 objects has a logical capacity of 100000 cells (10*10*10*10*10). There are limitations in how the capacity is shared out - a dimension which has less than (2^n-1) objects (where n is an integer) wastes some space from the maximum logical capacity. For maximum use of the capacity, use dimensions with 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, 127, 255, 511, 1023, 2047 etc objects.M,°M!bdOutput cell should contain a numerical valueĖMĖ..€€¦)°€‚‚€€€‚’Output cell should contain a numerical valueOne or more of the output cells which you have selected for a data table contains a non-numerical value. :Ė:!BcePaste already in progressŁ:/0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’Paste already in progressA paste operation is already in progress. You should wait for it to finish before proceeding with the next paste. You may also terminate the current paste by pressing the Escape key. `?`!]dfPromotion of this cell would result in an illegal global refereżĖ`ż26€€¦)°€‚€‚€‚€€‚’Promotion of this cell would result in an illegal global referenceThe formula in the selected cell contains an absolute database reference and consequently may not be promoted to global level. 9ż9!ÕegProtected cells in rangeœt9œ("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’Protected cells in rangeThe range which you selected for the operation which has just been performed contained some protected cells. Since these cells are protected they were not modified. If you did actually wish to modify these cells you should first unprotect them using the Format Unprotect Cells menu option and then repeat the operation on the selected range. P/œP!fhRange table invalid - save and reload your workµ…PĮ02€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€‚€‚’Range table invalid - save and reload your workThe internal range table which C-}-ompete! uses for resolving references to ranges has been corrupted. This is a serious error and will very rarely occur. If you get this message, however, it is not advisable to continue working with the model. If you save and reload your work Compete! will attempt to patch up the bad expression. 5Į5!…giReference not unique)5)("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’Reference not uniqueYou have made a reference to a non-unique object name. This reference is ambiguous and Compete! requires you to fully specify the object which you wish to reference. You may do this by adding the dimension name and object index in brackets after the object name. You may also generate the reference using the 'point and click' technique if you have a mouse. This will automatically append the dimension name and object number which Compete! requires to generate an unambiguous reference.')'#€€¦)°€‚’ @'@!hjSelect an object on a dimensionŻ®@Ż/0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’Select an object on a dimensionThe action which you have specified requires you to select one or more objects on a dimension. There is currently no selected object. ;Ż;!ńikSelect an object to delete¶Š;¶,*€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€‚’Select an object to deleteYou should select the object of objects which you wish to delete. There is currently no selected object.3¶3!jlSelection repeatedč¼3č,*€€¦)°€‚€‚€‚‚’Selection repeatedThe exception list which you have specified in the Tools Allocation dialog for partial allocation is invalid because one or more items in this list are repeated. P/čP![kmSelection should only vary across one dimension’ŠP /0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’Selection should only vary across one dimensionThe exception list for a partial allocation operation using the Tools Allocation dialog should conģ–<—ģ–tain references which only vary across one dimension. : :!ŃlnSheet allocation exceeded—k:—,*€€¦)°€‚€‚€‚‚’Sheet allocation exceededThe maximum number of sheets which you may have in any one model is 1024. =—=!YmoStructure change in progressó=)$€€¦)°€‚‚€‚‚’Structure change already in progressA structure change is already in progress and the action which you wish to perform requires a further structure change which cannot be carried out until the first structure change has been completed. O.O!šnpTarget cell does not depend on the source cellK"OK)$€€¦)°€‚‚€‚‚’Target cell does not depend on the source cellModifying the source cell during the goalseek did not produce any detectable changes in the value of the target cell. You should use the Info window or an Audit Trail to check that the target cell does in fact depend on the source cell. ?K?! oqTerm expression not reversibleŹš?Ź02€€¦)°€‚‚€€€€’Term expression not reversibleYou have tried to enter data in a term which is non-reversible. When you enter data in a term (i.e. in a view where a term is applied), the data is interpreted relative to the term. For example, if the applied term is defined to be =X/2 (so that the data is displayed as half its intrinsic value) a number entered (e.g. 5.3) is actually entered into the model as =(5.3)*2.\;Ź\!‰prToo complex - save and reload before attempting this action-\-("€€¦)°€‚‚€‚’Too complex - save and reload before attempting this actionUnder certain circumstances, adding more than a certain number of objects to a dimension is not possible until the model has been saved and reloaded. You may then proceed to delete the dimension. <-<!ŽqsToo many exceptions defined–g<¢/0€€¦)°€‚‚€€ŸŁŸŸ‚€‚’Too many exceptions definedThe maximum number of term exceptions which you may define is 100. =¢=!ĒrtToo many external referencesŠ[=Š/0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’Too many external referencesCompete! currently supports up to 256 external links. 1Š1!²suToo many formatsR1/0€€¦)°€‚‚€€‚€‚’Too many formatsThe maximum number of formats which you may define is 64 55!tvToo many page breaksÓ„5Ó..€€¦)°€‚‚€€€‚’Too many page breaksThe current maximum number of page breaks allowed is 10 each along the horizontal and vertical axes, giving an total limit of 100 pages. 0Ó0!¬uwToo many ranges|M0|/0€€¦)°€‚‚€€‚€‚’Too many print rangesCurrently up to 5 print ranges are supported. ;|;!©vxToo many ranges in formulan?;n/0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’Too many ranges in formulaToo many ranges in formula. 7n7!÷wyToo many saved windowsĄ‘7Ą/0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’Too many saved windowsThe maximum number of windows which you may save per model is 2048, i.e. up to1024 sheets and up to 1024 views. /Ą/!°xzToo many termsR//0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’Too many termsThe maximum number of terms which you may define is 65534. . .!źy{Unmatched '('¼.¼/0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’Unmatched '('The formula which you have tried to enter is missing a right parenthesis ')' or contains an extra left parenthesis '(' . ¼.!źz|Unmatched ')'¼.¼/0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’Unmatched ')'The formula which you have tried to enter is missing a left parenthesis ')' or contains an extra right parenthesis ')' 9¼E!>{}View allocation exc§Ģ§Ģ§eededłŹEł/0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’View allocation exceededThe maximum number of views which may be opened in any one model is 1024. This limit has now been reached and it is not possible to open any more views of the database. >ł>!V|~View/Sheet reference mismatchl@>l,*€€¦)°€‚‚€‚‚‚‚‚’View/Sheet reference mismatchYou have incorrectly mixed view and sheet references in a Tools dialog box. For example, you may not allocate cells in a view using a cell in a sheet as the "Based on" reference or vice versa. Other examples of illegal mixing of references are:- Using a sheet reference to define forecast periods where the forecast is being carried out in a view or vice versa (Tools Forecast dialog).- Using a sheet reference as a cost function driver where the cost function is being entered in a view or vice versa (Tools Response Functions dialog).¬‡l¬%€€¦)°€‚‚‚’One important case in which mixing references is quite legal is the use of values stored in sheets to define response functions. :¬:!ä}Wrong number of argumentsŖ{:Ŗ/0€€¦)°€‚‚€‚€€‚’Wrong number of argumentsThe function which you have tried to enter has an incorrect number of arguments. The correct syntax is given by the Edit Paste Function menu item with the Paste Arguments option selected. You may check the function syntax in this Help file under the Functions topic or consult the Compete! Function Reference Manual (Function Specifications). ?Ŗ?!.~’’’’XLS file is password protectedļĘ?ļ)$€€¦)°€‚‚€‚‚’XLS file is password protectedCompete! cannot import an XLS (Microsoft Excel) format file which is password protected. Reload the XLS sheet in Excel and remove the password protection first. !ļ!!G’’’’’’’’&!&#€€¦)°€‚’2&S!}ŽCompete! CommandsXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX¹Æ °¹Æ;S;&€€¦)°€‚€’Compete! CommandsB;B02€€¦)°€‚į‰€‰€‚’Audit Menu~HB~6>€€žMPB±S~‚±€į‹‰‚įŒ‰‚’Edit Menu: copy/paste commandsEdit Menu: structure edit commands ~~ ‹耀¦)°į‚€‰€‚į„€‰€‚įƒ€‰€‚įˆ€‰€‚įŠ€‰€‚į…€‰€‚į†€‰€‚į‡€‰€‚€‚’File MenuFormat MenuFormula MenuHelp MenuInfo MenuOptions MenuTools MenuWindow Menu& &#€€¦)°€ƒ’* &*!‹Œ„File Menu@*@#€€¦)°€‚’Compete! Modeler File Menu&@&#€€¦)°€‚’ūl&ūš€€¢MPB±S~‚±€ƒįN€‰‚€ƒ€‚ƒįY‰‚€€ƒ‚€ƒįX€‰‚€ƒįX€‰‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚ƒį‰‚’New Starting a ModelOpenStart or merge a saved model. Open an Existing ModelLinksChange the name of linked documents.SaveSave a model.Save AsSave a model under a new name.PrintPrint the data specified by printareaPage Setup Page SetupPrinter Setup Setup printers ExitExit Compete!Realted Topics:Compete! Commands- ū-!¤„ˆFormula MenuC -C#€€¦)°€‚’Compete! Modeler Formula Menu&C&#€€¦)°€‚’4³&4Ō€€’MPB±S~‚±€ƒ€ą1‰‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€ą)‰‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€ą6‰ą5‰‚€ƒ€ą#‰‚€ƒ€ą#‰‚’Paste Object...Brings up the object selector to paste selection.Paste functionBrings up functionname selector to allow pasting functionnamesReferenceToggle between absolute and relative references.NoteToggle between annotation and formula mode.GotoSelect a cell to become the active one.FindFind text in formulas of selected cellsReplaceReplace Text in formulas of selected cells with new text.ĪS4Ś{Ȁ€¢MPB±S~‚±€ƒ€ąA‰‚ƒįq‰‚€€ƒąG‰ąA‰‚ƒįn‰‚€€ƒąD‰ą3‰‚ƒįx‰‚ƒįWµ‹·Į“‰‚’Apply FormulaApply a global formula to a cell or a group of cells or reinstall the worksheet formula.See also:Applying Global FormulasFormula ScopeSet the scope for a global formula.See also: Defining Formula ScopeSet TermApply a term to a view.See also: Create a termRealted Topic: Compete! Commands, Ś,!y‚ƒFormat MenuB,B#€€¦)°€‚’Compete! Modeler Format Menu&B&#€€¦)°€‚’Dß&Deœ€€’MPB±S~‚±€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚’NumberApply a number format to the selected cells.AlignmentSet the alignment for the selected cells.FontSet a font for the selected cells.BorderSet the border attributes for the selected cells.ProtectProtect the selected cells against later changes.Unprotect cellsUnprotect the selected cells to enable later changes.Set protect passwordSet a password to disable unauthorized unprotection.Row HeightSet the row height for the current selection.”fD”;H€€¢MPB±S~‚±€ƒ€į\‰‚ƒį‰‚’Column WidthSet the Column Width for the current selection.Realted Topics:Compete! Commands- ”-!\Š†Options MenuC -C#€€¦)°€‚’Compete! Modeler Options Menu&C&#€€¦)°€‚’›&u¼€€’MPB±S~‚±€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚’Set Print AreaSet the area to be print at the print command.Clear Print AreaClear the area set by the 'Set Print area' command.Set Page BreakSet page break.Show Show hidden objects.HideHide visible objects.Display Set display options.PreferencesSet model preferences.CalculationSet calculation options.Calculate nowStart calculation.WorkspaceSet global display options.Ŗl¶>N€€¢MPB±S~‚±€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚‚ƒį‰‚’Short menusDisable some commands.Full menusEnable all ct½„掼ommands.Realted Topic:Compete! Commands+ ¶+!-…‡Tools MenuA+A#€€¦)°€‚’Compete! Modeler Tools Menu&A&#€€¦)°€‚’›=&›^Ž€€¢MPB±S~‚±€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€€ƒ‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚‚ƒį‰‚’AllocateEnter data using the allocation dialog.Response FunctionsEnter data using the response function dialog.ForecastEnter data using the forecast dialog.Audit TrailShow cell dependenciesGoal SeekModify data by goalseeking.Data TableCreate a data table.Realted Topics:Compete! Commands, ›,!¤†’’’’Window MenuB,B#€€¦)°€‚’Compete! Modeler Window Menu&B&#€€¦)°€‚’&€Ņ€€¢MPB±S~‚±€ƒ€ą3‰ą4‰‚€ƒ€‚€ƒį_€‰‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚‚ƒį‰‚’New WindowStart a new view or a new sheet.Open WindowOpen or delete a previosly named Window.Name WindowNaming a View or a SheetShow InfoOpen the Info window.Arrange AllArranges all windows side by side, so that they are all visible.HideHide the active window.UnhideShow a previoslly hidden window.Window1Make Window1 activeRealted Topics:Compete! Commands* *!'ƒŠHelp Menu@*@#€€¦)°€‚’Compete! Modeler Help Menu&@&#€€¦)°€‚’—Y&—>N€€¢MPB±S~‚±€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚‚ƒį‰‚’HelpStart Win-Help.AboutShow the About Box.Realted Topics:Compete! Commands+ —+!’’’’‹Audit MenuA+A#€€¦)°€‚’Compete! Modeler Audit Menu&A&#€€¦)°€‚’u?&u6>€€¢MPB±S~‚±€ƒ€‚‚ƒį‰‚’JumpSelect the cell.Realted Topics: Compete! Commands* u*!bˆ…Info MenuB*B$€€¦)°€‚‚’Compete! Modeler Info MenuDŠBPtŗ€€’MPB±S~‚±€ƒą5‰‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€€ƒ‚€€ƒ‚€ƒ€‚€ƒcĒ„Ē9Ē€ąA‰‚€ƒ€ąA‰‚’Turns on/off following information about the active cell: Cell NameThe full name of the cell. Active FormulaThe active formula of the cell.Value The current value of the cell.ProtectionThe protection state of the cell.Note The annotations.Available FormulasAll for the active cell available global formulas and the worksheet formula.Available ValuesThe result values of all available global formulas and the worksheet formula.¦qP¦5<€€¢MPB±S~‚±€ƒ€‚ƒį‰‚’Dependent CellsA list of cell, which dirctly depend on the active cell.Realted Topics: Compete! Commands4¦4!œ‰ŒCopy Paste Commands;4;$€€¦)°€‚‚’Copy Paste Commands!µ;!lŖ€€’MPB±S~‚±€ƒ€€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚‚€€€ƒ‚ƒ€€‚’CutCopy selection to clipboard and erase it on pasteCopyCopy selection to clipboard.PasteCopy contents of clipboard to selectionClearErase Selection.Paste SpecialCopy contents of clipboard to selection using options.Paste LinkInstall a hot link ...Fill Up Left(select Edit Menu with Shift key down )Down Right:Copy contents from downmost (rightmost,upmost,leftmost) cell(s) to all cells in selection.h5!h38€€žMPB±S~‚±€ƒ€ƒƒƒ‚€’Select AllSelect all cells in active window.&h&#€€¦)°€‚’~D&~:F€€¢MPB±S~‚±€ƒį‰‚ƒįŒ‰‚ƒ‚’Realted Topics: Compete! Commandsstructure edit commands8~8!•‹‚Structure Edit CommandsD8D' €€¦)°€‚€‚’Structure Edit Commands: ”DlŖ€€¢MPB±S~‚±€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€‚€ƒ€€‚€ƒ€€‚€ƒ€‚‚ƒį‰‚ƒį‹‰‚’AppendAppend new objects right after the currently selected ones.InsertInsert new objects before the currently selected ones.DeleteDelete the selected objects from the modelAdd DimensionAdd a new dimension tooĪ³Ī7Ī the modelRename DimensionChange a dimensionname of the modelSet Structure PasswordProtect model from structure changesRealted Topics: Compete! Commandscopy/paste commands!!!G’’’’’’’’&!&#€€¦)°€‚’3&3!ƁFunctions by TopicŪ3µ<€¦)°€‚‚į€‰€‚į–€‰€‚į€‰€‚į’€‰€‚į“€‰€‚į”€‰€‚į•€‰€‚į—€‰€‚į˜€‰€‚į™€‰€‚‚‚įš€‰€‚’Functions by topicDate and TimeDynamicDataExchangeFinancialInformationLogicalLookupMathematicalStatisticalTextTrigonometricRelated Topic:Functions by alphabet88!ń’’’’–Date and Time Functions¹Ś8¹ß€¦)°€‚‚įƀ‰€‚į°€‰€‚į±€‰€‚įĀ€‰€‚į䀉€‚įē€‰€‚įė€‰€‚įž€‰€‚į €‰€‚į€‰€‚į€‰€‚į€‰€‚‚€€‚įŽ‰€‚įš€‰€‚’Date and Time FunctionsDATEDATEVALUEDAYHOURMINUTEMONTHNOWSECONDTIMETIMEVALUEWEEKDAYYEARRelated Topics:Functions by topicFunctions by alphabet4¹4!–’Financial Functionsäā4äց€¦)°€‚‚į¤€‰€‚į²€‰€‚į怉€‚įʀ‰€‚įĒ€‰€‚į倉€‚įģ€‰€‚įķ€‰€‚įņ€‰€‚į󀉀‚įö€‰€‚įų€‰€‚į€‰€‚į €‰€‚‚€€‚į‘‰€‚įŽ€‰€‚įš€‰’Financial FunctionsCAGRDDBFVIPMTIRRMIRRNPERNPVPMTPPMTPVRATESLNSYDRelated Topics:Annuity FunctionsFunctions by topicFunctions by alphabet2ä2!’’’’’’’’Annuity Functions727#€€¦)°€‚’Annuity Functions&72#€€¦)€‚‚’An annuity is a series of constant cash payments made over a continuous period of time. For instance, the payment schedule for a car loan or a mort×H×ßÖgage is an annuity.In annuity functions, cash you pay out, such as deposits to savings or loan payments, is represented by a negative number; cash you receive, such as dividend checks or a loan, is represented by a positive number. For example, a $200 deposit to the bank is represented by the argument -200 if you are the depositor and 200 if you are the bank.]82]%€€¦)€‚€’The following Compete! functions apply to annuities::]:"‚€¦)°€‚į所€€€€€€€€€€‚įʀ‰€€€€€€€€€€€‚įģ€‰€€€€€€€€€€€‚įņ€‰€€€€€€€€€€€‚į󀉀€€€€€€€€€€‚įö€‰€€€€€€€€€€€‚’FV(rate,nper,pmt,[pv],[type])IPMT(rate, per,nper,pv,[pv],[type])NPER(rate,pmt,pv,[fv],[type])PMT(rate,nper,pv,[pv],[type])PPMT(rate, per , nper,pv,[pv],[type])PV(rate,nper,pmt,[fv],[type])‡7:‡Pr€€¦)°įų€‰€€€€€€€€€€€€€‚’RATE(nper,pmt,pv,[fv],[type],[guess])/‡/+(€€’MPBł ~‚±€ƒ‚’ˆ’/ˆ‰䀀¦)€€€‚€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€‚€€‚€€€€€€€€‚€‚’Compete! solves annuity functions for one financial argument in terms of the others. If the rate is not 0, then:pv*(1+rate)^nper+pmt*(1+rate*type)*((1+rate)^nper-1)/rate+fv=0If the rate is 0, then:pv+pmt *nper+fv=0„[ˆ„Jf€€¦)°€€‚į‰€‚įŽ€‰€‚įš€‰€‚’Related Topics:Financial FunctionsFunctions by topicFunctions by alphabet6„6!Y“Information Functions6#ų€¦)°€‚‚į„€‰€‚įȀ‰€‚įɀ‰€‚įŹ€‰€‚įĖ€‰€‚įĢ€‰€‚įĶ€‰€‚įĪ€‰€‚įĻ€‰€‚įŠ€‰€‚įр‰€‚į耉€‚į选€‚į€‰€ōŽ*ßōŽ‚į €‰€‚į€‰€‚‚€€‚įŽ‰€‚įš€‰€‚’Information FunctionsCELLISBLANKISCONSISTENTISERRISERRORISLOGICALISNAISNONTEXTISNUMBERISREFISTEXTNNASIZETTYPERelated Topics:Functions by topicFunctions by alphabet2#2!L’”Logical Functions‰2‘ō€€¦)°€‚‚įŸ€‰€‚į¼€‰€‚įƀ‰€‚įź€‰€‚įš€‰€‚į€‰€‚‚€€‚įŽ‰€‚įš€‰€‚’Logical FunctionsANDFALSEIFNOTORTRUERelated Topics:Functions by topicFunctions by alphabet11!“•Lookup Functionsģ1ģģŖ€¦)°€‚‚į§€‰€‚į³€‰€‚įµ€‰€‚į“€‰€‚įĀ‰€‚įŅ€‰€‚įŲ€‰€‚įŁ€‰€‚įŻ€‰€‚įŽ€‰€‚įą€‰€‚įī€‰€‚įļ€‰€‚‚€€‚įŽ‰€‚įš€‰€‚’Lookup FunctionsCHOOSEDIMENSIONDIMENSIONS( )DIMENSIONNAMEINDEXLABELLINLINSLINLOGSLOGLOGSLOOKUPMATCHOBJECTINDEXOBJECTNAMERelated Topics:Functions by topicFunctions by alphabet/ģ/!-”—Math Functionsžė/žų€¦)°€‚‚įœ€‰€‚įž€‰€‚įø€‰€‚į»€‰€‚įŀ‰€‚įŚ€‰€‚įŪ€‰€‚į܀‰€‚įꀉ€‚įń€‰€‚įō€‰€‚į÷€‰€‚įü€‰€‚į€‰€‚į€‰€‚į€‰€‚‚€€‚įŽ‰€‚įš€‰€‚’Mathematical FunctionsABSALLOCEXPFACTINTLNLOGLOG10MODPIPRODUCTRANDROUNDSIGNSQRTTRUNCRelated Topics:Functions by topicFunctions by alphabet. ž.!öDDE FunctionsČk.Č]Œ€€¦)°€‚‚į¹€‰€‚įŗ€‰€‚‚€€‚įŽ‰€‚įš€‰€‚’DDE FunctionsEXTERNEXTERN$Related Topics:Functions by topicFunctions by alphabet6ČB!ļ•˜StatisēŁēŁētical FunctionsėB("‚€¦)°€‚‚į£€‰€‚į«€‰€‚į¬€‰€‚į­€‰€‚į®€‰€‚įĄ€‰€‚įĮ€‰€‚įՀ‰€‚įր‰€‚įր‰€‚įį€‰€‚į怉€‚į’€‰€‚į€‰€‚į€‰€‚į€‰€‚į€‰€‚į€‰€‚į€‰€‚į€‰€‚’Statistical FunctionsAVERAGECOSTCOST2COUNTCOUNTAGROWTHGROWTH2LINLINESTLINLOGESTLOGLOGESTMAXMINSHARESTDEVSTDEVPSUMTRENDTREND2VARVARPšOšKh€€¦)°į€‰€‚‚€€‚įŽ‰€‚įš€‰€‚’VECTORRelated Topics:Functions by topicFunctions by alphabet/š/!É—™Text FunctionsŁ/("‚€¦)°€‚‚į¦€‰€‚į؀‰€‚į©€‰€‚į¶€‰€‚į·€‰€‚į½€‰€‚į¾€‰€‚įӀ‰€‚įŌ€‰€‚į߀‰€‚įā€‰€‚įõ€‰€‚įł€‰€‚įś€‰€‚įū€‰€‚įż€‰€‚į€‰€‚į €‰€‚į€‰€‚į€‰€‚’Text FunctionsCHARCLEANCODEDOLLAREXACTFINDFIXEDLEFTLENLOWERMIDPROPERREPLACEREPTRIGHTSEARCHSUBSTITUTETEXTTRIMUPPER™N™Kh€€¦)°į€‰€‚‚€€‚įŽ‰€‚įš€‰€‚’VALUERelated Topics:Functions by topicFunctions by alphabet8™8!s˜’’’’Trigonometric Functions;8;ž€¦)°€‚‚į€‰€‚į €‰€‚į”€‰€‚į¢€‰€‚įŖ€‰€‚į€‰€‚į €‰€‚‚€€‚įŽ‰€‚įš€‰€‚’Trigonometrical FunctionsACOSASINATANATAN2COSSINTANRelated Topics:Functions by topicFunctions by alphabet6;6!ź ’’’’’’’’Functions by alphabet6Ų€¦)°€‚‚įœ€‰€‚į‰€‚įž‰€‚įŸ‰€‚į ‰€‚į”‰€‚į¢‰€‚į£‰€‚į¤‰€‚į„‰€‚į¦‰€‚į§‰€‚į؉€‚į©‰€‚įŖ‰€‚į«‰€‚ļ:ļļį¬‰€‚į­‰€‚į®‰€‚įƉ€‚į°‰€‚į±‰€‚’Functions by alphabetABS()ACOS()ALLOC()AND()ASIN()ATAN()ATAN2()AVERAGE()CAGR()CELL()CHAR()CHOOSE()CLEAN()CODE()COS()COST()COST2()COUNT()COUNTA()DATE()DATEVALUE()DAY()  聀¦)°į²€‰€‚į³‰€‚į“‰€‚į¶‰€‚į·‰€‚įø‰€‚į¹‰€‚įŗ‰€‚į»‰€‚į¼‰€‚į½‰€‚į¾‰€‚į所‚įĄ‰€‚įĮ‰€‚įĀ‰€‚įƉ€‚įĉ€‚įʼn€‚įʉ€‚įĒ‰€‚įȉ€‚įɀ‰€‚’DDB()DIMENSION()DIMENSIONNAME()DOLLAR()EXACT()EXP()EXTERN()EXTERN$()FACT()FALSE()FIND()FIXED()FV()GROWTH()GROWTH2()HOUR()IF()INDEX()INT()IPMT()IRR()ISBLANK()ISCONSISTENT()   žĪ€¦)°įŹ€‰€‚įĖ‰€‚įĢ‰€‚įĶ‰€‚įĪ‰€‚įĻ‰€‚įŠ‰€‚įщ€‚įŅ‰€‚įӉ€‚įŌ‰€‚įՉ€‚įŲ‰€‚į։€‚įŁ‰€‚įŚ‰€‚įŪ‰€‚į܉€‚į׉€‚įŻ‰€‚įŽ‰€‚į߉€‚’ISERR()ISERROR()ISLOGICAL()ISNA()ISNONTEXT()ISNUMBER()ISREF()ISTEXT()LABEL()LEFT()LEN()LINLINEST()LINLINS()LINLOGEST()LINLOGS()LN()LOG()LOG10()LOGLOGEST()LOGLOGS()LOOKUP()LOWER()õ ö€¦)°įą€‰€‚įį‰€‚įā‰€‚į所‚į䉀‚į剀‚įꉀ‚įē‰€‚į艀‚į鉀‚įź‰€‚įė‰€‚įģ‰€‚įķ‰€‚įš‰€‚įī‰€‚įļ‰€‚įń‰€‚įņ‰€‚į󉀂įō‰€‚įõ‰€‚įö‰€‚į÷‰€‚’MATCH()MAX()MID()MIN()MINUTE()MIRR()MOD()MONTH()N()NA()NOT()NOW()NPER()NPV()OR()OBJECTINDEX()OBJECTNAME()PI()PMT()PPMT()PRODUCT()PROPER()PV()RAND()!ö€¦)°įų€‰€‚įł‰€‚įś‰€‚įū‰€‚įü‰€‚įż‰€‚įž‰€‚į’‰€‚į‰€‚į‰€‚į‰€kõr÷ļ‚į‰€‚į‰€‚į‰€‚į‰€‚į‰€‚į‰€‚į ‰€‚į ‰€‚į ‰€‚į ‰€‚į ‰€‚į‰€‚į‰€‚’RATE()REPLACE()REPT()RIGHT()ROUND()SEARCH()SECOND()SHARE()SIGN()SIN()SIZE()SLN()SQRT()STDEV()STDEVP()SUBSTITUTE()SUM()SYD()T()TAN()TEXT()TIME()TIMEVALUE()TREND()[¬![Æ0€¦)°į€‰€‚į‰€‚į‰€‚į‰€‚į‰€‚į‰€‚į‰€‚į‰€‚į‰€‚į‰€‚į‰€‚į‰€‚€‚€‚įŽ€‰€‚’TREND2()TRIM()TRUE()TRUNC()TYPE()UPPER()VALUE()VAR()VARP()VECTOR()WEEKDAY()YEAR()Related Topic:Functions by topic![!!L’’’’’’’’+!+&€€¦)°€€‚’ &+&!x’’’’ABS()5&5&€€¦)°€‚€’ABS(number)J 5J@R€€¦)€‚€‚‚€€€€ƒ‚€‚€€‚’Purpose: The ABS function determines the absolute value of a number. An absolute number is a number without its sign (+ or -).Arguments: number The number for which you want the absolute value. This argument can be a number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these.Results: If the argument is negative, the function returns the same number but as a positive; if the argument is positive, the function has no effect on the number.‘;J‘V~€€¦)€‚€‚€€€‚€€‚‚€€‚‚€€‚‚€‚į€‰‚’Examples: ABS(5) equals 5ABS(-5) equals 5If the cell A.'3 contains the value -75, then:ABS(A.'3) equals 75.If the cell A.'3 contains the positive value 75, then:ABS(A.'3) equals 75.Related functions:SIGNreturns the sign of a number as a value: 1 (positive), -1 (negative), and 0 (zero). B‘B("€€¦)°į•€‰’Mathematical Functions'B'!$œžACOS()7'C&€€¦)°€‚€’²’Ł’²’ACOS(number) -C-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’°r-°>N€€¦)€€‚‚€€€‚‚€€€ €‚’Purpose: The ACOS function returns the arccosine of a number. The arccosine is the radian measure of the angle whose cosine is the argument. Arguments: number The cosine of the angle for which you want to determine the measure. This argument can be a number, text repre-sentation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these, and must be in the range -1 to 1. Results: This function returns a value that represents the radian measure of an angle in the range 0 to p. If you want to convert the result from radians to degrees, multiply the result by 180/PI().¾°CX€€¦)€‚‚‚‚‚€€‚€€€ €‚‚‚€€‚’If the argument is a number greater than 1 or less than -1, the function returns the error value #NUM! or #DIV/0!.ACOS always returns a value between 0 and 3.14 radians (180 degrees).Examples:If you want to know the radian measure of the angle whose cosine is 0.5, then:ACOS(.5) equals 1.047198 (1p/3 radians).If you want to know the degree measure of the angle whose cosine is 0.5, then:ACOS(.5)*180/PI() equals 60 (degrees).™[™>N€€¦)€‚‚€‚įŖ€‰‚įń‰€ €‚’Related functions:COS returns the cosine of an angle.PI returns the value p.C™C("€€¦)°į™€‰’Trigonometric Functions(C(!ĶŸALLOC()H(H)$€€¦)°€€‚€’ALLOC(total,value1,value2)ä˜HšLj€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€€‚€€€‚€€‚€‚€’Purpose: The ALLOC function spreads a specified total in the proportion specified by the arguments. Arguments:total The total value you want to allocate.value1 The numerator in the ratio by which you are allocating total. value2 The denominator in the ratio by which you are allocating total.Arguments in the ALLOC function can be a number, text ržFÖepresentation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these. If an argument contains a logical value or text that cannot be translated, ALLOC returns the error value VALUE!. If an argument contains an error value, ALLOC returns that error value.œ,šœp²€€¦)€‚€€€€€€€‚‚€€€€€€‚€€€€€€€‚‚€€€‚€’Results:A value that is in the same proportion to total as value1 is in proportion to value2.The ALLOC function uses the following formula to calculate a value:total*value1/value2Therefore, the resulting value divided by total is equal to the ratio of value1 to value2.Use: ALLOC is the function used by the Tools Allocate command when you allocate a total to cells in the range defined by the allocation scope. For more information on the Tools Allocate command and different allocation methods, see the topic Allocation.\œ38€€¦)€‚‚€‚€€‚€‚‚’Examples:ALLOC (100,40,400)equals10ALLOC("70",30,60) equals 35Related functions:BB("€€¦)°į•€‰’Mathematical Functions&B&!ńž AND()I#&I&€€¦)°€‚€’AND(logical1,[logical2], . . .)¹tI¹E\€€¦)€‚€€‚€€‚€‚€€‚‚‚‚€€‚’Purpose:The AND function determines if all of the values specified by the arguments are true. Arguments:logical A logical value (TRUE or FALSE), a formula, a conditional test, or a reference to a cell or range that contains a logical value.The AND function can have from 1 to 40 arguments. If a reference argument contains text or empty cells, those values are ignored. An argument can reference a multidimensional range.Results: The logical value TRUE if all of the values specified by the arguments are true. If any of the values specified by the arguments is false, AND returns the logical value FALSE.Ć¹@R€€¦)€‚‚€€€‚‚‚€€€ Ė£ ‚€€‚’If there are no logical values specified, the function returns the error value #VALUE!. Use: The AND function is used for more complex conditional testing in your models. This function works in conjunction with the simple operators =, >, <, >=, <=, <> and with the functions IF, OR, and NOT. Together, you can use these functions to develop compound conditions.Examples:AND(TRUE(),TRUE()) equals TRUEAND(FALSE(),TRUE()) equals FALSEÄRv€€¦)€€€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚įź€‰‚’AND(1+2=3,1+1=2) equals TRUEIf the range B.'1:B.'4 contains the values TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, and FALSE, then:AND( B.'1:B.'4) equals FALSE.If the cell Units.'1989 contains the number 425, then:AND(Units.'1989>400,Units.'1989<600) equals TRUE.If the cell Units.'1989 contains the number 300, then:AND(Units.'1989>400,Units.'1989<600) equals FALSE.Related functions:NOT returns the logical value that is the reverse of its argument.g?g("€€¦)įš€‰‚’OR returns the logical value TRUE if any argument is true.=g=("€€¦)°į“€‰’Logical Functions'='!“Ÿ”ASIN()6'6&€€¦)°€‚€’ASIN(number)-6-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’°‹-°%€€¦)€€‚’Purpose: The ASIN function returns the arcsine of a number. The arcsine is the radian measure of the angle whose sine is the argument.-°-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’?-?..€€¦)€€€€‚€’Arguments: numberThe sine of the angle for which you want to determine the measure. This argument can be a number, text repre-sentation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these, and must be in the range -1 to 1. -?-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’(ė-4=L€€¦)€€€ €€ €‚‚‚‚‚‚€€‚’Results: This function returns a value that represents the radian measure of an angle in t:g”he range -p/2 to p/2. If you want to convert the result from radians to degrees, multiply the result by 180/PI().If theargument is a number greater than 1 or less than -1, the function returns the error value #NUM! or #DIV/0!.ASIN always returns a value between -1.57 and 1.57 radians (90 degrees).Examples: If you want to know the radian measure of an angle whose sine is 0.5, then:J÷4JSx€€¦)€€€€ €‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚į€‰‚įń‰€ €‚’ASIN(.5) equals .524 (1p/6 radians).If you want to know the degree measure of an angle whose sine is 0.5, then:ASIN(.5)*180/PI() equals 30 (degrees).Related functions:SIN returns the sine of an angle.PI returns the value p.BJB("€€¦)°į™€‰’TrigonometricFunctions'B'!ų ¢ATAN()6'6&€€¦)°€‚€’ATAN(number)-6-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’¤]-¤G`€€0H@€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€€ €€ €‚’Purpose: The ATAN function returns the arctangent of a number. The arctangent is the radian measure of the angle whose tangent is the argument.Arguments: number The tangent of the angle for which you want to determine the measure. This argument can be a number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these. . Results: This function returns a value that represents the radian measure of an angle in the range -p/2 to p/2. If you want to convert the result from radians to degrees, multiply the result by 180/PI().±¤ Pr€€¦)€‚‚‚€€‚€€€ €‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚į¢€‰‚’ ATAN always returns a value between -1.57 and 1.57 radians (90 degrees).Examples: If you want to know the radian measure of an angle whose tangent is -1, then:ATAN(-1) equals -.785 (-p/4 radians).If you want to know the degree measure of an angle whose tangent is -1, then: ATAN(-1)*180/PI() equals -45 (degrees).Related funct±U'ions:ATAN2 returns the arctangent of an angle defined by a point and the x-axis.zE z5<€€¦)į €‰‚įń‰€ €‚’TAN returns the tangent of a number.PI returns the value p.CzC("€€¦)°į™€‰’Trigonometric Functions(C(!M”£ATAN2()F(F)$€€¦)°€€‚€’ATAN2(x_number,y_number)-F-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’x<-x<J€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚‚‚’Purpose: The ATAN2 function returns the four-quadrant arctangent of the tangent described by the arguments. The arctangent is the radian measure of the angle from the x-axis to the point defined by the two arguments. Arguments: x_number The x-axis coordinate of the point that determines the angle you want to measure.y_number The y-axis coordinate of the point that determines the angle you want to measure.Either argument can be a number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these.exeKh€€¦)€‚€€€ €€ €€ €‚‚‚‚€€€€‚’Results: The function returns a value that represents the radian measure of an angle in the range -p to p, excluding -p. A positive result represents a counter-clockwise angle from the x-axis and a negative result a clockwise angle. If you want to convert the result from radians to degrees, multiply the result by 180/PI().ATAN2 always returns a value between -3.14 and 3.14 radians (180 degrees). Either x_number or y_number can be 0; however, if both arguments are 0, the function returns the error value #DIV/0!.†e’m¬€€¦)€‚€€‚€€€ €‚€€€ €‚€€‚‚€€‚į”‰‚į ‰‚įń‰€ €‚’Examples:ATAN2(1,1) equals .785 (p/4 radians)ATAN2(-1,-1) equals -2.356 (-3p/4 radians)ATAN2(-1,-1)*180/PI() equals -135 (degrees)Related functions:ATAN returns the arctangent of a number.TAN returns the tangent of a number.2$—&!PI returns the value p.C’C("€€¦)°į™€‰’Trigonometric Functions* C*!¢¤AVERAGE()O&*O)$€€¦)°€€‚€’AVERAGE(number1,[number2], . . .)-O-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’\-%€€¦)€€‚’Purpose: The AVERAGE function returns the arithmetic mean, or average, of the arguments.--*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’L-5<€€¦)€€€€‚‚‚‚€€‚’Arguments: number A number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains either of these.The AVERAGE function can have from 1 to 40 arguments. Arguments that are text representations of a number, logical values, or empty cells are ignored, while arguments that are error values or text that cannot be translated into numbers cause errors. In a reference argument, text, logical values, error values, and empty cells are ignored.Results: The AVERAGE function returns a single value that is the arithmetic mean of the numbers specified by the arguments.Ž38€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚‚€€‚’Use: The AVERAGE function is especially useful for calculating the average of the numbers in a range of cells. Instead of writing a long formula to calculate the average for a number of values in a view, for example: =(B.'1+B.'2+B.'3+ B.'4+B.'5+.B'6+B.'7+B.'8+B.'9+B.'10)/10,you can use a range argument and the AVERAGE function instead.Examples: The sales figures for the three products in the Gadget Company's product line are displayed in the illustration below:Ī_Śo°€€¦)€€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚‚€€‚€€€‚€‚€‚į­€‰‚į®‰‚į‰‚’Sales.Pdt 1 equals1000Sales.Pdt 2 equals750Sales.Pdt 3 equals1250Sales.Pdt 4 equals1200To find the average sales across all product lines:AVERAGE(Sales.Pdt 1:Sales.Pdt 4) equals 1050AVERAGE(Sales.Pdt 1:Sales.Pdt 2, 1100) equals 950.Related functions:COUNT counts numbers.COUNTA counts valA,R.l(ues.SUM adds its arguments.AŚA("€€¦)°į—€‰’Statistical Functions'A'!Ž£„CAGR()C'C)$€€¦)°€€‚€’CAGR(value,rate,nper)-C-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’g-gb–€€¦)€€‚‚€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€€€€€€€€€‚’Purpose: The CAGR function calculates the value that results when a specified value is increased at the periodic rate, for the number of period specified by the arguments.Arguments:value The initial value upon which the growth you want to calculate is based.rate The growth rate that you want applied to value.nper The number of periods you want the rate to be applied to value. For example, if you want to calculate the effect of a specific rate on value over five years, nper would be 5.^g^Ml€€¦)€‚‚‚€€€€€€€€‚‚€€‚‚€€‚’Any of these arguments can be a number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these.Results: CAGR returns the value which results when rate is applied to value for the specified nper.Use: CAGR is useful for predicting future values based on a constant growth rate. Examples: If Sales for Division A of the Gadget Company were $35,000 in 1989 and you want to know what they will be in 199, given a 10% compound growth rate per year, then:ó­^óF^€€¦)€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚‚€‚į怉‚’CAGR(35000,10%,2) equals $42,350.CAGR(100,7%,1) equals1070.CAGR(100,6%,4) equals 126.25.Related functions:FV calculates the future value of an investment.?ó?("€€¦)°į€‰’Financial Functions'?'!B ¤¦CELL()L#'L)$€€¦)°€€‚€’CELL(type_of_info,[reference])-L-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’šu-¦%€€¦)€€‚’Purpose: The CELL function returns information about the forman7›7ū6tting, location, or contents of the specified cell.'¦'$€€¦)•€‚’U 'UId€€¦)€€€€‚€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€‚‚’Arguments: type_of_info A text value that specifies what type of information you want to know.reference A reference to a cell. When reference is omitted, it defaults to the current selection. If reference is anything but a reference to a single cell, the error value #VALUE! is returned. Results: CELL returns the following information about the cell specified by reference:Type_of_info equals "COL":Return value: If the specified cell is in a sheet, returns the column number of the cell in the sheet.F UF<J€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚’Type_of_info equals "ROW":Return value: If the specified cell is in a sheet, returns the row number of the cell in the sheet.Type_of_info equals "dimension_name" e.g., "Dim1", or "Financials", etc. :Return value: If the specified cell is in a view, returns the index number of the object on the named dimension that references the cell.Type_of_info equals "PROTECT":Return value: If the specified cell is not locked, returns the logical value TRUE. If the cell is locked, returns the logical value FALSE.$ßF0E\€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚’Type_of_info equals "ADRESS":Return value: The reference of the specified cell, as text.Type_of_info equals "CONTENTS": Return value: The value contained in reference.Type_of_info equals "FORMAT":Return value: The format syntax of the format that is applied in the cell, as a string of text. For example, if the format 0.00 is applied in the cell, "0.00" is returned.Type_of_info equals "PREFIX":Return value: A text value corresponding to the "label prefix" of the cell. In Compete!, this means that CELL returns: " ' " if the cell contains left-aligned text; " ^ " if the cell contains centered text; " " " if the cell contains right-aligned text, and " ", the empty text½:=ū6, if the cell contains anything else.Ė0<J€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚€‚€‚’Type_of_info equals "TYPE":Return value: A text value corresponding to the type of data in the cell: "b" for blank if the cell is empty; "l" for label if the cell contains a text constant; "v" for value if the cell contains anything else.Type_of_info equals "GLOBAL":Return value: The logical value TRUE if the cell contains a global formula, and the value FALSE if the cell contains anything else.Examples: If the cell B.'4 is locked, then:ĀrĀPr€€¦)€€€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚į€‰‚į‰‚’ CELL("protect",B.'4) equals TRUEIf the cell C.'10 has the format #,##0.00, then: CELL("format",C.'10) equals "#,##0.00"If the cell D.'5 contains 25, then: CELL("contents",D.'5) equals 25.Related functions:TYPE returns a number indicating the data type of the contents of a cell.SIZE returns the number of rows, columns, or objects in a rangeAĀA("€€¦)°į’€‰’Information Functions'A'!„§CHAR():':)$€€¦)°€€‚€’CHAR(number)-:-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’Pč-Ph¢€€¦)€€‚‚€€‚€€€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚‚€‚į©€‰‚’Purpose: The CHAR function returns the ASCII character corresponding to the ASCII code number. Arguments: number The ASCII code number that represents the character you want the function to return.The code number can be any number between 1 and 255.Results: The ASCII character that corresponds to the specified code number.Examples:CHAR(75) equals KCHAR(37) equals %Related functions:CODE returns the ASCII code number that corresponds to a character.:P:("€€¦)°į˜€‰’Text Functions):)!• ¦ØCHOOSE()q6)Ž;H€€¦)°€€ €€ €€ €€‚€’CHOOSE(index_number,value1,[value2], . . .)XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX~G HUG-Ž-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’:-::F€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The CHOOSE function uses an index number to choose from the list of items designated by the arguments. If the index number is 1, the function will return the first item in the list; if the index number is 2 the function will return the second item; and so on.Arguments: index_number The number of the item you want the function to look up.value A value, number, text, or reference to a cell or vector (a range with a height, width, or depth of one cell) that contains elements of the list.ĒŽ:Ē9D€€¦)€‚€€€€‚‚‚‚€€‚’Results: If an argument is a multidimensional range or index_number is less than 1 or greater than the number of items in the list, CHOOSE returns the error value #VALUE!.Unless CHOOSE is used to return a vector reference as an argument for another function that requests a vector or a range, CHOOSE returns the error value #VALUE! when an argument is a vector reference.Use: The CHOOSE function lets you store a list of values, labels, cell references or vector references from which you can select an item by using an index number. You cannot use CHOOSE, however, to retrieve a value, number, or text from a specific position in a range.ÕĒDZ€€¦)€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚’Examples: If you want to retrieve the second item from the list 5,10,20, then:CHOOSE(2,5,10,20) equals 10.You can also use the CHOOSE function to select text: CHOOSE(1,"Units","Price","Sales") equals "Units".The CHOOSE function can also be used as an argument in another function: SUM(CHOOSE(2,10, B.'2:B.'5,"Units")) equals SUM(B.'2:B.'5).However, if you include a vector reference as an argument when CHOOSE is not used in another function, then:O [E\€€¦)€€€‚‚€‚įĀ‰‚įą‰‚įŽ‰‚’CHOOSE(2,10,30,B'2:B.'5,"Units") equals #VALUE!.Related functions:INDEX uses an index to choo:MSOUGse a reference from a range.MATCH determines the position of the element in a vector that matches a specified value.LOOKUP looks up values in a reference.<[<("€€¦)°į”€‰’Lookup Functions(<(!d§©CLEAN()A(A/0€€¦)°€€ €€‚€’CLEAN(text)µA\Š€€¦)€‚€€€‚€€‚€€€€‚‚€€€‚‚€‚€€‚‚€‚’Purpose: The CLEAN function removes all non-printable characters from text. Arguments: text A string of text, function that returns text, or reference to a cell that contains text.Results: The same string of text specified in the argument but with the nonprintable characters eliminated. Examples: Since CHAR(7) returns a nonprintable character: CLEAN(CHAR(7)&"text"&CHAR(7)) equals "text".Related functions:„v„/0€€¦)į€‰‚į©‰‚’TRIM removes space from the specified text.CODE returns the ASCII code number that corresponds to a character.E„E14€€¢MPBł ~‚±į˜€‰‚‚’Text Functions'E'!ĆØŖCODE()<'<,*€€¦)°€€ €‚€’CODE(text)µ<Qt€€¦)€‚€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€‚€€€‚’Purpose: Returns the ASCII code number that corresponds to the first character in the string of text specified by the argument.Arguments: text A text value or reference to a cell that contains a text value. If the argument is a character or string of text, it must be enclosed in double quotation marks.Results: The ASCII code number that corresponds to the first character in text. Examples: CODE("A") equals 65Ō@R€€¦)€€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚į¦€‰‚’ CODE("Apple") equals 65If the cell D.'4 contains the string of text "Telephones", then:CODE(D.'4) equals 84.Related functions:CHAR returns the character that corresponds to an ASCII code number.:F("€€¦)°į˜€‰’Text Functi·VĖWNTons&F&! ©«COS()6&6&€€¦)°€‚€’COS(radians)-6-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’Gž-GId€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚‚‚‚€€€€€€‚’Purpose: The COS function returns the cosine of an angle. Arguments: radians The number of radians in the angle whose cosine you want to calculate. If your argument is in degrees, multiply the argument by PI()/180 to convert the argument to radians.This argument can be a number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these.Results: COS returns the cosine of radians, where radians is the number of radians in an angle.ų„GųSx€€¦)€‚€‚€€€‚€€‚‚€‚į€‰‚įń‰€ €‚’Examples:COS(1.5) equals 0.070737COS(60*PI()/180) equals 0.5 Related functions:ACOS returns the arccosine of a number.PI returns the value p.CųC("€€¦)°į™€‰’Trigonometric Functions'C'!NŖ¬COST()Q('Q)$€€¦)°€€‚€’COST(known_y's,[known_x's],[new_x])-Q-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’£b-£AT€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The COST function uses the known x and y data points to calculate an exponential curve on a logarithmic scale and determines the new y-value that corresponds to the new x-value specified by the argument.Arguments: known_y's A reference to a vector that contains the known y-values on the exponential curve.known_x's A reference to a vector that contains the corresponding known x-values on the exponential curve.new_x A number, text representation of a number, or reference to a cell that contains the x-value on the exponential curve which corresponds to the y-value you want to know.}(£‰U|€€¦)€‚€€€€€€€€‚‚€€€€€€€€‚’The arguments known_y's and known_x's must both be vectors (a ranĮ\d_\ge with a height, width, or depth of one cell). A vector reference can refer to either a row, column, or cylinder (a one-dimensional range that extends into the depth of the model) of data; however, the rows, columns, or cylinders of data specified as known_y's and known_x's must contain the same number of cells.Results: The number that represents the y-coordinate that corresponds to new_x on the exponential curve determined by the known_y's and the known_x's.“‰Tz€€¦)€‚€ €€€‚€‚€€€€€€‚‚€€€€‚’The COST function uses the formula y= b*(m1^(2^x)) to plot an exponential curve on a logarithmic scale.If the argument known_x's is omitted, it defaults to a vector that contains the values 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 . . . n, and is equal in size to the vector specified by known_y's. If the argument new_x is omitted, it defaults to 1. If any of the numbers in known_y's is negative, COST returns the error value #NUM!.żŌż)$€€¦)€‚€€‚’Use: The COST function has many uses in business planning, such as modeling economies of scale and experience/learning curves. It is well known that increasing the scale operations–for example, by increasing the size of a plant or its number of operating hours–often lowers the cost of making each unit the plant produces. Among plant engineers, there is also a well-known "1.8 rule" that states that doubling a plant's or machine's capacity only increases capital costs by a factor of 1.8, thus decreasing unit depreciation costs. Experience and learning curves model productivity improvements that are driven by accumulated productive output (units produced during all time periods) or total hours of work put in.„‚ż±#€€¦)€‚‚’The COST function can be used to describe any relationship in which a percentage change in the driving variable (e.g., plant capacity, advertising expenses, headcount, etc.) results in a percentage change in the driven variable (e.g,õcņf\ unit costs, selling costs, administrative costs, etc.). It is used by the Tools Response Function command when you specify "log x log" as the scale for the curve you want to calculate. You can use the COST function to model economic behavior that demonstrates a logarithmic relationship. For example, it is applicable in manpower budgeting, sales forecasting, and feasibility or competitive analysis. —n±—)$€€¦)€‚€€‚’Examples: Departmental administrative costs are currently $10,000 per head per year; past performance suggests they will decrease by 10% whenever departmental headcount doubles (grows by 100%). If headcount is expected to change in each of the next three years, what is the best way to estimate administrative costs per head in 1990, 1991, and 1992? The most typical approach is a line-item by line-item bottoms-up estimate; this can entail a lot of work and is not always very accurate in the "out" years. Alternatively, if you assume that administrative costs per head will remain constant, you will ignore the presence of fixed cost elements in the administrative cost structure, and will thus overstate the budget if headcount increases Fast and surprisingly accurate forecasts can be derived by applying the cost function to historical and/or comparable values. nś—ntŗ€€¦)€‚€€‚€€€‚€€€‚€€€‚€€€‚€€€‚€€€‚€€€‚€‚‚’'1986.Admin Costs per Head equals $13,719'1986.Headcount equals 25'1987.Admin Costs per Head equals $12,345'1987.Headcount equals 50'1988.Admin Costs per Head equals $11,111.7'1988.Headcount equals 100'1989.Admin Costs per Head equals $10,000'1989.Headcount equals 200Using the model displayed above, if headcount in 1991 is expected to be 400 and administrative costs per head will be based on the firm's experience of costs and headcount from 1986 through 1989, then:UnaAT€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€‚‚‚’COST('1986.Admin Cost:mØo\s per Head:'1989.Admin Costs Per Head, '1986.Headcount:'1989.Headcount,400) equals $8999.48.If you calculated administrative costs per head in 1990 without specifying known_x's (Headcount for 1986 through 1989) or new_x (Headcount in 1990), then:COST('1986.Admin Costs per Head:Admin Costs Per Head, '1989) equals $15,242.91.If Headcount is expected to be 600 in 1991 and administrative costs per head will be based on the firm's experience of costs and headcount from 1986 through 1989, then:q,aqE\€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚‚į׀‰‚’COST('1986.Admin Costs per Head:'1989.Admin Costs Per Head, '1986.Headcount:'1989.Headcount,800) equals $8099.29If Headcount is expected to be 800 in 1992 and administrative costs per head will be based on the firm's experience of costs and headcount from 1986 through 1989, then:COST('1986.Admin Costs per Head:'1989.Admin Costs Per Head, '1986.Headcount:'1989.Headcount,800) equals $22,499.81. Related function:LOGLOGEST calculates an exponential curve on a logarithmic scale and returns the slope or y-axis intercept of the curve.ÆrqÆ=L€€¦)įĄ€‰‚į‰‚į¬‰‚į’‰‚’GROWTH calculates an exponential curve on a semilogarithmic scale and returns a y-value on the line.TREND calculates a regression line on a linear scale and returns a y-value on the line.COST2 calculates a regression plane on a logarithmic scale and returns a new z-value on the plane.SHARE calculates an S-curve and returns a new share-value on the curve.AÆA("€€¦)°į—€‰’Statistical Functions(A(!Į«­COST2()d;(d)$€€¦)°€€‚€ ’COST2(known_z's,known_y's,[known_x's],[new_y],[new_x])-d-)$€€žMR‚†€ ‚€’---*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’Q-]AT€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The COST2 function uses the known x, y, and z data points to calculate a regression plane on a logar#wPwjvithmic scale and determines the new z-value that corresponds to the pair of new x- and y-values specified by the arguments.Arguments: known_z's A reference to a vector that contains the known z-values on the plane.known_y's A reference to a vector that contains the corresponding known y-values on the plane.known_x's A reference to a vector that contains the corresponding known x-values on the plane.ö¤]öRv€€¦)€€‚€€‚‚€€€€€€€€€€€€‚’new_y A number or reference to a cell that contains the x-value on the plane that corresponds to the z-value you want to know.new_x A number or reference to a cell that contains the y-value on the plane that corresponds to the z-value you want to know.The arguments known_z's, known_y's, and known_x's must all be vectors (a range with a height, width, or depth of one cell). A vector reference can refer to either a row, column, or cylinder (a one-dimensional range that extends into the depth of the model) of data; however, the rows, columns, or cylinders of data specified as known_z's, known_y's, and known_x's must contain the same number of cells.mļöm~Ī€€¦)€‚€€€€€€€€€€€€‚‚€ €€€ €€ €€ €‚‚€€€€€€€€‚’Results: The number that represents the z-coordinate that corresponds to new_x and new_y on the plane determined by the known_z's, known_y's, and known_x's.The COST2 function uses the formula y= b*(m1^(2^x1))*(m2^(2^x2)) to plot an regression plane on a logarithmic scale.If the argument known_x's is omitted, it defaults to a vector that contains the values 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 . . . n, and is equal in size to the vectors specified by known_z's and known_y's. į’mķOp€€¦)€‚€€€€€€€€‚‚€€€€€€‚’If the arguments new_y and new_x are omitted, they default to 1. If any of the numbers in known_z's or known_y's is negative, COST2 returns the error £|jvvalue #NUM!.Use: The COST2 function is similar to the COST function but allows you to evaluate costs that depend upon two driving variables (known_y's and known_x's) instead of one. The COST2 function can be useful in business planning–for example, for modeling economies of scale and experience/learning curves. It can be used to describe any relationship in which a percentage change in the two driving variables (e.g., machine utilization and machine rated capacity) results in a percentage change in the driven variable (e.g, unit costs). It is used by the Tools Response Function command when you specify "log x log" as the scale for the curve you want to calculate given the known data points. You can use the COST2 function to model economic behavior that demonstrates a logarithmic relationship and involves two driving variables.. The COST2 function is applicable in areas such as activity-based costing, manpower budgeting, sales forecasting, and feasibility or competitive analysis. "¬ķ"v¾€€¦)€‚€‚€‚‚€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚’Examples: Per unit costs are currently $6.40 when the rated capacity of Machine 1 is 400 and the utilization is 80%. Data on the performance of Machine 1 over the past three years is shown in the view displayed below.'1987.Utilizationequals 20%'1987.Rate Capacity equals 100'1987.Per Unit Cost equals $40'1988.Utilizationequals 20%'1988.Rate Capacity equals 20'1988.Per Unit Cost equals $32I’"UJf€€¦)€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚‚€‚’'1989.Utilizationequals 40%'1989.Rate Capacity equals 100'1989.Per Unit Cost equals $20Suppose plant engineers plan to purchase a second machine that has a rated capacity of 800 but is expected to perform in a similar fashion to Machine 1. Utilization of the new machine in 1990, however, is expected to be only 65%. If the plant engineers predict the per unit costs for items produced onżƒ†jv the new machine in 1990 on the basis of the performance of Machine 1 over the past three years, then:]U]AT€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€‚‚‚’COST2('1987.Per Unit Cost:'1989.Per Unit Cost,'1987.Utilization: '1989.Utilization,'1987.Rated Capacity:'1989.Rated Capacity,65%,800) equals $6.86.If the engineers calculate Per Unit Cost in 1990 without specifying new_y (Utilization in 1990) or new_x (Rated Capacity in 1990), then:COST('1987.Per Unit Cost:'1989.Per Unit Cost,'1987.Utilization: '1989. Utilization,'1987.Rated Capacity:'1989.Rated Capacity) equals $9.68.If Utilization of the new machine is expected to be 80%, and Rated Capacity to be 800 in 1991, then:Ó]F^€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€‚į«€‰‚į‰‚įĮ‰‚’COST('1987.Per Unit Cost:'1989.Per Unit Cost,'1987.Utilization: '1989.Utilization,'1987.Rated Capacity:'1989.Rated Capacity,80%,800) equals $5.12.Related function:COST calculates an exponential curve on a logarithmic scale and returns a y-value on the curve.TREND2 calculates a regression plane on a linear scale and returns a z-value on the plane.GROWTH2 calculates a regression plane on a semilogarithmic scale and returns a z-value on the plane.AA("€€¦)°į—€‰’Statistical Functions(A(!8¬®COUNT()\'(\5<€€¦)°€€ €€ €€‚€’COUNT(value1, [value2], . . .)-\-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’Ź-E\€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚‚‚‚€€‚‚€€‚’Purpose: Counts the numbers in the list of arguments.Arguments: value A number, logical value, text, or reference to a cell or range.The COUNT function can have from 1 to 40 arguments. Results: The COUNT function returns a single value. Use: Counting how many cells in a given range contain numbers. Arguments that are numbers, empty cells, logical values, or text representations of numbers (e.g., "two") are counted. Arguments that are error values or textƍ܍+ that cannot be translated into numbers are ignored. If an argument is a reference, only cells in the reference that contain numbers are counted. Empty cells, logical values, text, or error values within the reference are ignored.\¼J€¦)€‚€‚€€€‚€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚’Examples:A.'1 equals 7A.'2 equals TRUEA.'3 equals blankA.'4 equals "45"A.'5 equals blankA.'6 equals 89A.'7 equals 89.8A.'8 equals blankA.'9 equals #VALUE!COUNT(A.'6:A.'8) equals 2COUNT(A'6:A'9) equals 2COUNT(A.'1:A.'3) equals 1COUNT(A.'1:A.'3,A.'4) equals 1COUNT(A.'1:A.'10) equals 6ČKh€€¦)€€€€‚€‚€‚į®€‰‚į£‰‚į‰‚’COUNT(0.1,FALSE(),"five",4,,3.333,200,,3,#DIV/0!) equals 8Related functions:COUNTA counts the values in its list of arguments.AVERAGE averages its arguments.SUM adds its arguments.AA("€€¦)°į—€‰’Statistical Functions)A)!4­ÆCOUNTA()]()]5<€€¦)°€€ €€ €€‚€’COUNTA(value1, [value2], . . .)-]-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’Ģ-DZ€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€€‚’Purpose: Counts the values in the list of arguments.Arguments: value A number, logical value, text, or reference to a cell or range.The COUNTA function can have from 1 to 40 arguments. Results: The COUNTA function returns a single value. Arguments that are numbers, empty cells, logical values, text representations of numbers (e.g., "two"), or error values are counted. Use: Counting the number of cells in a range. that contain values.W%ĀV€¦)€‚€‚€€€‚€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚’Examples:A.'1 equa•&—c”ls 7A.'2 equals TRUEA.'3 equals blankA.'4 equals "45"A.'5 equals blankA.'6 equals 89A.'7 equals 89.8A.'8 equals blankA.'9 equals #VALUE!A.'10 equals 10COUNTA(A.'6:A.'8) equals 3COUNTA(A'6:A'9) equals 4COUNTA(A.'1:A.'3) equals 2COUNTA(A.'1:A.'3,A.'4) equals 3 æ% Lj€€¦)€€€‚€€‚‚€‚į­€‰‚į£‰‚į‰‚’COUNTA(A.'1:A.'10) equals 8COUNTA(1,,1) equals 3Related functions:COUNT counts the numbers in its list of arguments.AVERAGE averages its arguments.SUM adds its arguments.A A("€€¦)°į—€‰’Statistical Functions'A'!B ®°DATE()B'B)$€€¦)°€€‚€’DATE(year,month,day)-B-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’y-y`’€€¦)€€‚‚€€‚€€€€€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚’Purpose: The DATE function returns the serial number of the date specified by the arguments. Arguments: year A number that represents the year portion of the date. The number for year should be between 1900 and 2078. Values for year between 0 and 178 are interpreted as the years 1900 to 2078.month A number that represents the month portion of the date. The number for month should be between 1 and 12.day A number that represent the day portion of the date. The number for day should be between 1 and 31. ßy +(€€¦)€‚‚‚€€‚’Each of these arguments can be a number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these.Results: A value that represents the number of days that have elapsed between the date indicated in the arguments and the base date (January 1, 1900). Using the Format Number command, you can format the cell that contains the DATE function so that the resulting serial number is expressed in a familiar date format.ņ Ń?P€€¦)€‚‚‚€€€€€€€€‚‚‚’The earliest da¦°Ÿ—šte Compete! can handle is January 1, 1900, and the latest date is December 31, 2078. If you use arguments that define a date before the year 1900 or after the year 2078, the function will return the error value #NUM!.Use: The DATE function is most useful in formulas where year, month, or day are formulas, not constants.Since Compete! will calculate the serial number from the date constant, it is not necessary, to use the DATE function within a formula that uses dates as constants. If you use the text form of the date, "3/20/90", or "20-Mar-1990", Compete! automatically converts the text to a serial number.0ŚŃ0V~€€¦)€‚‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚‚€‚į°€‰‚į±‰‚į‰‚’If you use negative numbers as arguments or an argument that does not make sense, DATE will return the error value #NUM!. Examples:DATE(90,1,1) equals 32874, the serial number that corresponds to the date January 1, 1990.DATE(1900,12,31) equals 366Related functions:DATEVALUE returns the serial number of a date, but requires a text argument.DAY converts a serial number to a day of the month.WEEKDAY converts a serial number to a day of the week.åÆ0å6>€€¦)įē€‰‚į‰‚įė‰‚’MONTH converts a serial number to a month of the year.YEAR converts a serial number to a year. NOW returns serial number corresponding to the current date and time.CåC("€€¦)°į€‰’Date and Time Functions, C,!ŻƱDATEVALUE()F,F,*€€¦)°€€ €‚€’DATEVALUE(date_text)-F-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’ł¾-;H€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€‚’Purpose: The DATEVALUE function returns the serial number of the date specified by the text argument.Arguments: date_text A date within the range January 1, 1900, and December 31, 2078. Dates can be entered in any of the Compete! built-in date formats, for example "2/15/90" or "15-Feb-90". The argument must be enclosed inK¦x¦Ł„ double quotation marks, since it is text.Results: A value that represents the number of days that have elapsed between the date indicated in the arguments and the base date (January 1, 1900). Using the Format Number command, you can format the cell that contains the DATEVALUE function so that the resulting serial number is expressed in a familiar date format.Ń@R€€¦)€‚‚‚€€€€‚‚€‚€€€‚’The earliest date Compete! can handle is January 1, 1900, and the latest date is December 31, 2078. If you use arguments that define a date before the year 1900 or after the year 2078, the function will return the error value #NUM!.The default if the year portion of date_text is omitted, is the current year from your computer's built-in clock. If date_text contains any time information, it is ignored.Examples:DATEVALUE("4/16/90") equals 32979<Ś<b–€€¦)€€€‚€€€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚įƀ‰‚į±‰‚į‰‚įē‰‚’DATEVALUE("16-Apr-90") equals 32979DATEVALUE("31-Mar-90 12:00PM") equals DATEVALUE("31-Mar-90") equals 32963If your computer's clock is set to the year 1990, then:DATEVALUE("2/10") equals 32914Related functions:DATE returns the serial number of a date, but requires numeric arguments.DAY converts a serial number to a day of the month.WEEKDAY converts a serial number to a day of the week.MONTH converts a serial number to a month of the year.©z<©/0€€¦)į€‰‚įė‰‚’YEAR converts a serial number to a year. NOW returns the serial number corresponding to the current date and time.C©C("€€¦)°į€‰’Date and Time Functions&C&!™°²DAY():&:$€€¦)°€‚‚’DAY(serial_number) ź:,6>€€¦)€€‚‚‚€€€€‚‚‚’Purpose: The DAY function returns the day of the month that corresponds to a serial date number.Arguments: serial_number A serial date value, a date function, or a referenܮƶ®ce to a cell that contains either a date function or a serial date value.The argument can be given as text, such as "3/15/90" or "3-Mar-90", instead of a number. Compete! automatically converts the text to the corresponding serial date number. A text argument must be enclosed in double quotation marks. ē,+(€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚’Results: The value of the day specified by the serial date value.A serial date value is the date-time code used by Compete! for date and time calculations. Numbers range from 0 to 65380, corresponding to the dates January 1, 1900, through December 31, 2078. Numbers to the right of the decimal point in a serial date number represent the time; numbers to the left represent the date. For example, the date-time combination 12:00 p.m., January 1, 1901, is represented as 367.5.%¾%g €€¦)€‚€€‚€‚‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚į€‰‚’If serial_number is a decimal number, DAY ignores the numbers to the right of the decimal point, which represent time.Examples:DAY(8) equals 8DAY(8.6) equals 8DAY("14-5-90") equals 14The serial date for March 31, 1990, is 32904; therefore:DAY(32904) equals 31.If the cell B.'4 contains the function DATE(90,1,15), thenDAY(B.'4) equals 15.Related functions:WEEKDAY converts a serial number to a day of the week.“H%“Kh€€¦)įē€‰‚į‰‚įĀ‰‚į䉂įž‰‚įė‰‚’MONTH converts a serial number to a month of the year.YEAR converts a serial number to a year.HOUR converts a serial number to an hour of the day.MINUTE converts a serial number to a minute.SECOND converts a serial number to a second. NOW returns the serial number corresponding to the current date and time.C“C("€€¦)°į€‰’Date and Time Functions&C&!D ±³DDB()K"&K)$€€¦)°€€‚€’DDB(cost,salvage,life,period)-KL*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXĄ· øO·0ļL0AT€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The DDB function determines the depreciation of an asset for a specific period of time using the double-declining balance method, given the asset's initial cost , its value at the end of its life, and the length of its useful life.Arguments: cost The initial cost of the asset whose depreciation you are calculating. salvage The value of the asset at the end of its life.life The number of periods over which the asset is being depreciated, also called the useful life.R0RMl€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€€€€€‚‚€€€€‚’period The specific period for which you want to calculate the depreciation. Each of these arguments can be a number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these. All four arguments, however, must be positive numbers, and period and life must be given in the same units. For example, if period is given in months, life must also be given in months.Results: The value of the depreciation of the asset for the specified period.˜dR˜4:€€¦)€€€‚‚‚‚‚€‚€‚’The double-declining balance method calculates depreciation at an accelerated rate. Depreciation is highest in the first period and decreases in successive periods. Depreciation stops when the book value (cost minus the total depreciation over all prior periods) of the asset reaches the salvage value. DDB uses the following formula to calculate depreciation for a given period:(cost - total depreciation from prior periodes) * 2 / life.Use: The DDB function uses the double-declining balance method to determine the depreciation of an asset for a given period of time in the life of that asset.2å˜>Ml€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚’Examples: If a forklift purchased for your warehouse for $10,000 has a lifetime of 10 years and a salvage value of $1500, then:DDB(1000Ž¼&æO·0,1500,3650,1) equals $5.48, the first day's depreciation.DDB(10000,1500,120,1) equals $166.67, the first month's depreciation.DDB(10000,1500,10,1) equals $2000.00, the first year's depreciation.DDB(10000,1500,10,5) equals $819.20, the fifth year's depreciation.DDB(10000,1500,10,10) equals $0.00, the tenth year's depreciation.š¹>š7@€€¦)€‚€‚į€‰‚į ‰‚’Related functions:SLN returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period.SYD returns the sum-of-years' digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period.?š?("€€¦)°į€‰’Financial Functions, ?,!ī²“DIMENSION()G,G)$€€¦)°€€‚€’DIMENSION(dimension_name)-G-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’ Ķ- =L€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚‚‚€‚€‚’Purpose: The DIMENSION function uses the dimension name to return the index number of the dimension. Arguments: dimension_name The name of the dimension for which you want to know the index number. Since this argument is a text value, it must be enclosed in double quotation marks. The DIMENSION function is not case-sensitive.Results: The index number of the named dimension. The default dimensions are indexed in the following manner: Dim1 is 1, Dim2 is 2, and Dim3 is 3. If you rename these dimensions, they retain these index numbers. All other dimensions in a model are indexed by order of creation. For example, the fourth dimension added to the model will be indexed 4, the fifth dimension 5, and so on. If you delete a dimension from the model, however, the index numbers of the remaining dimensions shift. For instance, when you delete dimension 4 from a six-dimensional model, dimensions 5 and 6 will become dimensions 4 and 5 respectively.&Ń 2U|€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€‚€€‚‚€‚į“€‰‚įµ‰‚įŅ‰‚’Examples: In a model Dim1 has been renamed PRODUCTS, Dim2 FINANCIALS, and Dim3 YEARS and a fourth dimensio3Ć=Ē“Ān was added and called REGIONS. Therefore:DIMENSION("FINANCIALS") equals 2.DIMENSION("REGIONS") equals 4.Related functions:DIMENSIONNAME uses an index number to return the name of a dimension.DIMENSIONS returns the number of dimensions in the model.LABEL uses the dimension name and a cell reference to return the name of an object.Ö§2Ö/0€€¦)įī€‰‚įļ‰‚’OBJECTINDEX uses a dimension index to return the index number of an object.OBJECTNAME uses dimension and object index numbers to return the name of an object.<Ö<("€€¦)°į”€‰’Lookup Functions0<0!³µDIMENSIONNAME()H"0H&€€¦)°€‚€’DIMENSIONNAME(dimension_index)-H-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’V -V6>€€¦)€‚€‚‚€€€€‚‚‚’Purpose: The DIMENSIONNAME function uses the dimension index number to return the name of the specified dimension as text.Arguments: dimension_index A number that indicates one of the dimensions in the model.The default dimensions are indexed in the following manner: Dim1 is 1, Dim2 is 2, and Dim3 is 3. If you rename these dimensions, they retain these index numbers. All other dimensions in a model are indexed by order of creation. For example, the fourth dimension added to the model will be indexed 4, the fifth dimension 5, and so on. If you delete a dimension from the model, however, the index numbers of the remaining dimensions shift. For instance, when you delete dimension 4 from a six-dimensional model, dimensions 5 and 6 will become dimensions 4 and 5 respectively.ĄVNn€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€‚‚€€‚‚€€‚‚€€‚‚€‚’Results: A dimension name as text.If you use an index number for dimension_index that is greater than the number of dimensions in the model, DIMENSIONNAME returns the error value #VALUE!.Examples:In a model Dim1 has been renamed PRODUCTS, Dim2 FINANCIALS, and Dim3 YEARS. A fourth dimension was a&Ė|ĪŹdded and called REGIONS. Therefore:DIMENSIONNAME(2) equals "FINANCIALS".DIMENSIONNAME(4) equals "REGIONS".Related Functions:Ź†ŹDZ€€¦)į³€‰‚įµ‰‚įŅ‰‚įī‰‚įļ‰‚’DIMENSION uses a dimension name to return the index number of a dimension.DIMENSIONS returns the number of dimensions in the model.LABEL uses the dimension name and a cell reference to return the name of an object.OBJECTINDEX uses a dimension index to return the index number of an object.OBJECTNAME uses dimension and object index numbers to return the name of an object.<Ź<("€€¦)°į”€‰’Lookup Functions- <-!䓶DIMENSIONS();-;)$€€¦)°€€‚€’DIMENSIONS( )-;-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’ Ę- G`€€¦)€€‚‚€€‚‚€€‚‚€‚€‚€€‚‚‚’Purpose: The DIMENSIONS function returns the number of dimensions in the model.Arguments: Although the DIMENSIONS function has no arguments, you must include the empty parentheses with the function name.Results: A number that represents the number of dimensions currently included in the model.Examples:If you are working in a three-dimensional model, then:DIMENSIONS() equals 3.If you are working in a five-dimensional model, then:Č >N€€¦)€€€‚‚€‚į³€‰‚į“‰‚’DIMENSIONS() equals 5.Related functions:DIMENSION uses a dimension name to return the index number of the dimension.DIMENSIONNAME uses an index number to return the name of a dimension.<<("€€¦)°į”€‰’Lookup Functions)<)!Ņµ·DOLLAR()W")W5<€€¦)°€€ €€ €€‚€ ’DOLLAR(number,[decimals]))W)&€€’MR‚†€ ‚’t")€Rv€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€€€€€€€€€‚’Purpose: The DOLLAR function rounds a number to a specified number of decimal places, formats it in currency format, and converts t×)×€Öhe result into text.Arguments: number A number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these.decimals The number of decimal places to which you want to round number . If decimals is negative, number is rounded to the left of the decimal point. If decimals is omitted, the default is rounding the number to 2 decimal places.«z€«14€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€‚’Results: A number which is text and is formatted in the currency format defined under international settings in the Windows control panel (usually U.S. dollar currency).Use: The DOLLAR function is useful when you want to format a number in the currency format to which your computer is set and also convert the number to text. The currency formats are also available under the Format Number command, which will format a number in currency, but does not convert the number to text. In contrast to a number formatted with the DOLLAR function, a number formatted with the Format Number command is still a number and not text.Nń«N]Œ€€¦)€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚į¾€‰‚’Examples: If the currency defined under international settings in your Windows control panel is U.S. dollar and the format is set as $0.00, then:DOLLAR(335.6197,1) equals "$335.60"DOLLAR(335.6197,-1) equals "$340.00"DOLLAR(-335.6197,-1) equals "($340.00)"DOLLAR(335.6197) equals "$335.62"If the cell A.'3 contains the number 1408.546, then:DOLLAR(A.'3,0) equals"$1409.00" Related functions:FIXED rounds a number, formats it in decimal format, and converts it to text.vGNv/0€€¦)į €‰‚į‰‚’TEXT converts a number to text.VALUE converts text to a number.:v:("€€¦)°į˜€‰’Text Functions(:(!å¶øEXACT()@(@)$€€¦)°€€‚€ ’EXACT(text1,text2))@)&€€’MR‚†€ ‚’Ō)=L€€¦)ŗßćßR߀€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚€’Purpose: The EXACT function determines if the two arguments are exactly the same.Arguments: text1 Text, a function that returns text, or a reference to a cell that contains text. If the argument is a string of text, the argument must be enclosed in double quotation marks.text2 Text, a function that returns text, or a reference to a cell that contains text. If the argument is a string of text, the argument must be enclosed in double quotation marks.(Š(X‚€€¦)€‚€€€€€‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚’Results: The logical value TRUE is returned if text1 and text2 are exactly the same. If the two arguments are not identical (that is exactly the same characters including upper- and -lower case letters), the logical value FALSE is returned. Examples:EXACT("price","price") equals TRUEEXACT("Price","price") equals FALSEEXACT("price","pr ice") equals FALSEIf the cell A.'1 contains the text "Price", then:EXACT(A.'1,"Price") equals TRUE.ÕŽ(ÕG`€€¦)€‚‚€€‚‚€‚į½€‰‚įŌ‰‚įż‰‚’If the cell A.'2 contains the text "$56.34", then:EXACT(DOLLAR(56.341,2),A.'2) equals TRUE.Related functions:FIND finds one text value within another; this function is case-sensitive and does not accept wildcard characters.LEN returns the length of a string of text.SEARCH finds one text value within another; this function is not case-sensitive and accepts wildcard characters.:Õ:("€€¦)°į˜€‰’Text Functions&:&!Ę·¹EXP()9&9)$€€¦)°€€‚€’EXP(number)'å93BV€€¦)€‚€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€€€‚’Purpose: The EXP function returns the value of the constant e (which is equal to 2.7182818), raised to the power specified by the argument.Arguments: number A number that is the power to which you want to raise the constant e. This argument can be a number, text representation of a num]ę–ę7ęber, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these.Results: The value that results when the constant e is raised to the power specified by number.ņ3ņb–€€¦)€‚€‚€€€€€‚€€€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚įŚ€‰‚įŪ‰‚’Examples: EXP(1) equals 2.71828181 equals 2.7182818 EXP(2) equals 2.71828182 equals 7.3890561Since the EXP function is the inverse of the LN function, and the cell A.'1 contains the formula =LN(3), then:EXP(A.'1) equals 3.Related functions:LN returns the natural logarithm of a number (inverse of EXP function).LOG returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base.BņB("€€¦)°į•€‰’Mathematical Functions)B)! øŗEXTERN()b9)b)$€€¦)°€€‚€’EXTERN(application,topic,item,[x_index],[y_index]). -b-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’#ā-#AT€€¦)€€‚€‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The EXTERN function imports from other DDE compatible Windows applications the data specified by the arguments.Arguments: application The name of the server application as it appears in the title bar of the application window.topic The name of the topic (usually a file) as it appears in the title bar.item The server application reference for the cell, range, value, or data field that designates the data within the topic you want to import into Compete!.'#‹X‚€€¦)€€€€‚€€€€‚‚€€€€€€€€€€‚’x_index The y-coordinate of a specific data point in the item (range). This is an optional argument which, if not specified, will default to 1.y_index The x-coordinate of a specific data point in the item (range). This is an optional argument which, if not specified, will default to 1.The application, topic, and item arguments must be enclosed in double quotation marks. The x_index and the y_index arguments indicate the specific point iµėŲķżźn the range in the server application where Compete! should look to retrieve data. ~C‹~;H€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚‚‚‚€€€€‚’Results: Data is retrieved from the specified location in the server application and entered in the Compete! cell. For example, for the following remote reference:EXTERN("Excel","C:\EXCEL\SALES.XLS","R1C4:R4C4",3,2)Compete! would retrieve the second item from the third column of the range R1C4:R4C4 which is located in the Excel spreadsheet called Sales.XLS, and display that value in the Compete! cell that contains this remote reference. If the x_index and the y_index are not specified in the EXTERN function, Compete! uses the coordinates 1,1 as a default.„s~„26€€¦)€‚€€€€‚‚‚‚’Whenever you Edit Copy and Paste, Edit Fill Right, or Edit Fill Down to enter the EXTERN function you have created into other cells in your model, the x_index and the y_index will automatically update. For example, if you Edit Copy the following remote reference:EXTERN("Excel","C:\EXCEL\SALES.XLS","R1C4:R4C4",1,1)and then Edit Paste this reference one cell to the right, the EXTERN function will be updated so that the next item of data in the linked table is imported into your Compete! model. The remote reference pasted into the cell immediately the right of the cell that contains the formula above would be:f/„†7@€€¦)€‚‚‚‚‚‚‚€€‚‚€€‚’EXTERN("Excel","C:\EXCEL\SALES.XLS","R1C4:R4C4",1,2)If the remote reference had been pasted to the cell immediately below, then the remote reference would have been updated to the following instead: EXTERN("Excel","C:\EXCEL\SALES.XLS","R1C4:R4C4",2,1).Use: The EXTERN function is used to import data into your model from other Compete! models and DDE compatible Microsoft Windows applications. Examples: The range of Compete! cells in a model that are linked to the result of an SQL Query to Q&E might contain the following remote references:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX†õ ųżźM †M-,€€¦)€‚‚‚‚€‚€‚’ EXTERN("QE","select * from EMP.DBF","all",1,1) EXTERN("QE","select * from EMP.DBF","all",1,2) EXTERN("QE","select * from EMP.DBF","all",1,3)The three Compete! cells that contain these remote references would each retrieve a value from the table produced as a result of the SQL query, "select * from EMP.DBF". The value displayed in each cell is determined by the x and y parameters defined by the EXTERN function. These parameters represent the x and y coordinates of one of the values in the table that results from the SQL query.łĄMł9D€€¦)€‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚€‚įŗ€‰‚’From the Q&E file above, the query might yield the following table: Tyler Bennett E10297 John Rappl E21437 George Woltman E00127If the remote references listed above were entered into three Compete! cells, these cells would disply the values Tyler, John and George respectively.Related functions:EXTERN$ allows you to import data from other Windows applications and make absolute references to the data that are imported.K#łK("€€¦)°į–€‰’Dynamic Data Exchange Functions* K*!]¹»EXTERN$()b9*b)$€€¦)°€€‚€ ’EXTERN$(application,topic,item,[x_index],[y_index]).)b)&€€’MR‚†€ ‚’‰H)‰AT€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The EXTERN$ function is an absolute version of the EXTERN function; it allows you to import data from other DDE compatible Windows applications and makes absolute references to the data specified by the arguments.Arguments: application The name of the server application as it appears in the title bar of the application window.topic The name of the topic (usually a file) as it appears in the title bar.item The server application reference for the cell, range, value, or data field that designates the data within the topic you want to import into Compete!.}&‰‰W€€€¦)€€€RżŪ’ü€‚€€€€‚€€€€€€€€€€‚’x_index The y-coordinate of a specific data point in the item (range). This is an optional argument which, if not specified, will default to 1.y_index The x-coordinate of a specific data point in the item (range). This is an optional argument which, if not specified, will default to 1.The application, topic, and item arguments must be enclosed in double quotation marks. The x_index and the y_index arguments indicate the specific point in the range in the server application where Compete! should look to retrieve data. -ņ‰-;H€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚‚‚‚€€€€‚’Results: Data is retrieved from the specified location in the server application and entered in the Compete! cell. For example, for the following remote reference:EXTERN$("Excel","C:\EXCEL\SALES.XLS","R1C4:R4C4",2,3)Compete! would retrieve the second item from the third column of the range R1C4:R4C4 which is located in the Excel spreadsheet called Sales.XLS. If the x_index and the y_index are not specified in the EXTERN$ function, Compete! uses the coordinates 1,1 as defaults.™Z-™?P€€¦)€‚€€€€‚‚‚‚€€€€‚’Whenever you Edit Copy and Paste, Edit Fill Right or Edit Fill Down to enter an EXTERN$ function into other cells in your model, the x_index and the y_index are absolute and do not update. For example, if you Edit Copy the following remote reference: EXTERN$("Excel","C:\EXCEL\SALES.XLS","R1C4:R4C4",1,1)and then Edit Paste this reference one cell to the right, the coordinates specified by the x_index and the y_index would not change, because they are absolute. The remote reference pasted into the cell immediately to the right of the cell that contains the formula above would be:7ż™C:F€€¦)€‚‚‚‚‚‚€€€€€€‚’ EXTERN$("Excel","C:\EXCEL\SALES.XLS","R1C4:R4C4",1,1)and this cell would reference the same item of data in the supporting Compete! model or Windows ap‘*üplication that the copied EXTERN$ function does. For example, if the remote reference had instead been pasted into the cell immediately below, the remote reference entered in that cell would still be: EXTERN$("Excel","C:\EXCEL\SALES.XLS","R1C4:R4C4",1,1).Use: The EXTERN$ function is used to import data into your model from other Compete! models and DDE compatible Microsoft Windows applications. The EXTERN$ function is similar to an absolute reference in Compete! and references a specific cell in the Windows application or Compete! model you are using as a data source. Since the EXTERN$ function is the absolute version of the EXTERN function, neither the x_index nor the y_index changes and the data point they specify in the source application does not vary when you cut or copy and paste this function to other cells in your Compete! model. ŪC 26€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚’Examples: The table of data in the Microsoft Excel file illustrated below is linked to a range of cells in a Compete! model.The cells in the linked Compete! range contain the following formulas: EXTERN("EXCEL","C:\EXCEL\UNITS.XLS","B2:B5",1,1) EXTERN("EXCEL","C:\EXCEL\UNITS.XLS","B2:B5",2,1) EXTERN("EXCEL","C:\EXCEL\UNITS.XLS","B2:B5",3,1) EXTERN("EXCEL","C:\EXCEL\UNITS.XLS","B2:B5",4,1)If you change the formula in the first cell of this Compete! range to:b3 n/0€€¦)€‚‚€‚€‚‚‚‚‚’ EXTERN$("EXCEL","C:\EXCEL\UNITS.XLS","B2:B5",1,1)and then copy and paste this formula to the three remaining cells in the range of linked data, all the cells in the Compete! range will contain the following formula: EXTERN$("EXCEL","C:\EXCEL\UNITS.XLS","B2:B5",1,1)The four Compete! cells that contain this remote reference would each retrieve the same piece of data from the Excel worksheet that is linked to your Compete! model. The data displayed in each cell is determined by the x and y parameters defined by the EXTERN$ function. These parameters represent the x and y coordinatesm z ü of one of the values in the Excel table–the value 10 from the cell B2 in the Excel worksheet illustrated above–and they do not change when the EXTERN$ function is cut or copied and pasted to other cells in your model.Ē—nĒ02€€¦)€‚€‚į¹€‰‚’Related functions:EXTERN allows you to import data from other Windows applications and make relative references to the data that are imported.K#ĒK("€€¦)°į–€‰’Dynamic Data Exchange Functions'K'!²ŗ¼FACT():':)$€€¦)°€€‚€’FACT(number)-:-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’°)-°‡ą€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€€€€€‚‚€€€€€€€€€€‚‚€€€€€€€€€€‚’Purpose: The FACT function returns the factorial of the specified number.Arguments: number A number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these.Results: The factorial of number. The factorial of number is equal to: (number)*(number-1)*(number-2)*. . .*(number-n).where number-n = 1. If number is not an integer, it is truncated. If number is 0, FACT returns the number 1. If number is negative, then FACT returns the error value #NUM!.2Ń°2a”€€¦)€‚€‚€€€‚€€€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚‚€‚įō€‰‚’Examples:FACT(1) equals 1FACT(4) equals 4*3*2*1 equals 24FACT(4.7) equals 24FACT(0) equals 1FACT(-1) equals #NUMRelated functions:PRODUCT multiplies all of its arguments together.B2B("€€¦)°į•€‰’Mathematical Functions(B(!l»½FALSE()6 (6)$€€¦)°€€‚€’FALSE( )Åq6ŃTz€€¦)€‚€‚‚€€‚‚€€‚‚€‚€€€‚‚€‚į€‰‚’Purpose: The FALSE function returns the logical value FALSEArguments: The FALSE function has no arguments. You do not have to include the empty parentheŌ ¬ses with the function name.Results: With or without parentheses, FALSE returns the logical value FALSE.Examples:FALSE( ) equals FALSERelated functions:TRUE returns the logical value TRUE.=Ń=("€€¦)°į“€‰’Logical Functions'='!b ¼¾FIND()X/'X)$€€¦)°€€‚€’FIND(find_text,within_text,[start_at_num])-X-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’Ā-Lj€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€€€€€‚€€€€‚’Purpose: The FIND function finds the specified text within another string of text.Arguments: find_text The string of text you want to find within another string of text. If find_text is "", Compete! will match the first character that is searched–in other words, the character indicated by start_at_num. This argument cannot contain any wildcard characters.within_text The string of text in which you are searching for find_text.0ß0Qt€€¦)€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€‚‚‚’start_at_num The number of the character in within_text where you want to begin searching for find_text. The first character of within_text is number 1. If start_at_num is omitted, the default is 1, and Compete! will begin the search with the first character of within_text. If start_at_num is greater than the length of within_text, then FIND returns the error value #VALUE!.All arguments that are text strings must be enclosed in double quotation marks.·0"_€€¦)€‚€€€€€€‚€€€€‚‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚’Results: A number that indicates the position of the first character in within_text that matches the text specified by find_text.The FIND function is case-sensitive and will not match text unless the cases of each letter in find_text and within_text agree. Both spaces and characters are counted.Examples: FIND("e","Average Price") equals 3FIND("e","Average Price",4) equals 7FIND("a","AverŅage Price") equals 5Å"W€€€¦)€€€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚į·€‰‚įŌ‰‚įż‰‚’FIND("A","Average Price") equals 1If the cell B.'10 contains the text "Average Price", then:FIND("Price",B.'10) equals 9.And, if the cell C.'1 contains the text "Price", then:FIND(C.'1,B.'10) equals 9.Related functions:EXACT determines if two text values are identical.LEN returns the length of a string of text.SEARCH like FIND, finds one text value within another, but is not case-sensitive and accepts wildcard characters.::("€€¦)°į˜€‰’Text Functions(:(!ؽæFIXED()F(F)$€€¦)°€€‚€’FIXED(number,[decimals])-F-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’ų”-ųdš€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€‚’Purpose: The FIXED function rounds a number to a specified number of decimal places, formats it in decimal format using a period and commas, and converts the result into text.Arguments: number A number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these.decimals The number of decimal places to which you want to round number . When decimals is negative, number is rounded to the left of the decimal point. When decimals is positive, number is rounded to the right of the decimal point. And, if decimals is omitted, number is rounded to two decimal places by default. Éų@R€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€‚‚€‚€€€‚’Results: A text representation of a number formatted in decimal format.Use: The FIXED function is useful when you want to format a number in decimal format and also convert the number to text. The decimal format available under the Format Number command formats a number in decimal format, but does not convert the number to text–a number formatted with the Format Number command is still a number.Examples:FIXED(335.6197# &z",1) equals "335.6"ĘjĘ\Š€€¦)€€€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚į¶€‰‚į ‰‚į‰‚’FIXED(335.6197,-1) equals "340"FIXED(-335.6197,-1) equals "-340"FIXED(335.6197) equals "335.62"If the cell A.'3 contains the number 1408.546, then:FIXED(A.'3,0) equals"1409"Related functions:DOLLAR rounds a number, formats it in currency format, and converts it to text.TEXT converts a number to text.VALUE converts text to a number.:Ę:("€€¦)°į˜€‰’Text Functions%:%!7 ¾ĄFV()K"%K)$€€¦)°€€‚€’FV(rate,nper,pmt,[pv],[type])-K-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’£H-£[ˆ€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€€€€€‚’Purpose: The FV function calculates the future value of an investment based on periodic constant payments and a constant interest rate.Arguments: rate The interest rate per period.nper The total number of payment periods in the annuity.pmt The periodic investment, or the payment made each period.pv The present value, or the lump sum amount that the series of payments to be paid in the future is worth right now.type A value that indicates to Compete! whether the payments are received at the beginning (type is 1) or at the end (type is 0) of each period.1Š£1a”€€¦)€‚€€€€€€€€‚‚€€‚€€€€‚‚€į‘€‰€‚’The arguments rate, nper, pmt, and pv can be a number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these.Results: The future value of an investment, the opposite of present value (PV).If the pv and type arguments are omitted, they default to 0.For more information on the formula that FV uses to calculate the future value of an investment, see the topic Annuity FunctionsA1@R€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚‚’Use: The FV function is used to transformb-“/"* a value today into an equivalent value in the future, given an assumed discount rate.Examples:FV(8%,10,-150,-500,1) equals 3426.29FV(13%,24,-700) equals 17,955.12For example, suppose you want to save money to take a vacation one year from now. You deposit $500 into a savings account that earns 6% annual interest compounded monthly (monthly interest of 6%/12, or .5%) and you plan to deposit $100 at the beginning of every month for the next 12 months. How much money will be in the account at the end of 12 months?ƍTz€€¦)€‚€€‚€€‚‚€‚į¤€‰‚įʉ‚įģ‰‚į󉂒FV(0.5%,12,-100,-500,1) equals 1770.56FV(5.25%,12,-200,,1) equals 3399.25Related functions:CAGR calculates the value that results when a specified value is increased at a periodic rate, for a specific number of periods.IPMT returns the interest payment for an investment for a given period.NPER returns the number of periods (payments) for an investment.PPMT returns the principal payment for an investment for a given period.ć­ć6>€€¦)įņ€‰‚įö‰‚įų‰‚’PMT returns the periodic total payment for an investment.PV returns the present value of an investment.RATE returns the interest rate per period of an investment.?ć?("€€¦)°į€‰’Financial Functions)?)!|æĮGROWTH()S*)S)$€€¦)°€€‚€’GROWTH(known_y's,[known_x's],[new_x])ŸZS«E\€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The GROWTH function uses the known x and y data points to calculate an exponential curve on a semilogarithmic scale and determines the new y-value that corresponds to the new x-value specified by the arguments.Arguments: known_y's A reference to the vector that contains the known y-values on the exponential curve.known_x's A reference to the vector that contains the corresponding known x-values on the exponential curve.new_x A number or reference to a cell ‚5Õ5Y5that contains the value of the x-value on the exponential curve which corresponds to the y-value you want to know.w#«wTz€€¦)€€€€€€€€€‚‚€€€€€€€€‚’The arguments known_y's and known_x's must both be vectors (a range with a height, width, or depth of one cell). A vector reference can refer to either a row, column, or cylinder (a one-dimensional range that extends into the depth of the model) of data; however, the rows, columns, or cylinders of data specified as known_y's and known_x's must contain the same number of cells.Results: The number that represents the y-coordinate on the straight line determined by the known_y's and the known_x's that corresponds to new_x.x'wxQt€€¦)€‚€‚€‚€€€€€€€€€€‚‚€€‚’The GROWTH function uses the formula y= b*(m^x) to plot an exponential curve on a semilogarithmic scale.If the argument known_x's is omitted, it defaults to a vector that contains the values 1, 2, 3, . . . n, and is equal in size to the vector specified by known_y's. If the argument new_x is omitted, it defaults to 0. If any of the numbers in known_y's is negative, GROWTH returns the error value #NUM!.Use: The GROWTH function can be used to calculate trends and make near-term forecasts. It is used by the Tools Forecast command when you choose "exponential" as the type of growth you want to forecast. The GROWTH function calculates growth as a percentage rate rather than an absolute change. When you use the GROWTH function to calculate a line that passes through your data, Compete! assumes that an absolute change in the driving variable (e.g., years, price of raw materials, units produced, headcount, etc.) will result in a percentage change in the driven variable (e.g., sales, production costs, administrative costs, etc.).KõxWV~€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚’Examples: During the second quarter of 1990, unit produ÷:o?Y5ction costs at the Acme Widgit company decreased 10% for each additional 100 units of widgits that were produced.Production.April equals 1000Production.May equals 900Production.June equals 810Units.April equals 100Units.May equals 200Units.June equals 300Using the data from above, if unit sales in July are expected to be 400 and you want to forecast production costs based on the preceding three months of data, then: »W Nn€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€‚‚€‚įր‰‚’GROWTH(Production.April:Production.June,Units.April:Units.June,400) equals 729.If you forecast production costs in May without specifying known_x's (Units sold in April through June) or new_x (Units sold in July), then:GROWTH(Production.April:Production.June) equals 1111.11.Related functions:LILOGEST calculates an exponential curve on a semilogarithmic scale and returns the slope or the y-axis intercept of the curve.ň Å=L€€¦)į€‰‚į«‰‚įĮ‰‚į’‰‚’TREND calculates a regression line on a linear scale and returns a y-value on the line.COST calculates an exponential curve with a logarithmic versus logarithmic scale and returns a y-value on the curve.GROWTH2 calculates a regression plane on a semilogarithmic scale and returns a new z-value on the plane.SHARE calculates an S-curve and returns a new share-value on the curve.AÅA("€€¦)°į—€‰’Statistical Functions* A*!óĄĀGROWTH2()f=*f)$€€¦)°€€‚€’GROWTH2(known_z's,known_y's,[known_x's],[new_y],[new_x])-f-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’A-MAT€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The GROWTH2 function uses the known x, y, and z data points to calculate a regression plane and determines the new z-value that corresponds to the pair of new x- and y-values specified by the arguments.Arguments: known_z's A reference to the vector that contains the known z-values oeF’FÕEn the planeknown_y's A reference to the vector that contains the corresponding known y-values on the plane.known_x's A reference to the vector that contains the corresponding known x-values on the plane.ÉMSx€€¦)€€‚‚€€‚‚€€€€€€€€€€€€‚’new_y A number or reference to a cell that contains the value of the x-coordinate on the plane which corresponds to the z-value you are seeking.new_x A number or reference to a cell that contains the value of the y-coordinate on the plane which corresponds to the z-value you are seeking.The arguments known_z's, known_y's, and known_x's must all be vectors (a range with a height, width, or depth of one cell). A vector reference can refer to either a row, column, or cylinder (a one-dimensional range that extends into the depth of the model) of data; however, the rows, columns, or cylinders of data specified as known_z's, known_y's, and known_x's must contain the same number of cells.lėlŌ€€¦)€‚€€€€€€€€€€€€‚‚€ €€ €€ €€ €€‚‚€€€€€€€€€‚’Results: The number that represents the z-coordinate that corresponds to new_x and new_y on the plane determined by the known_z's, known_y's, and known_x's.The GROWTH2 function uses the formula y= b*((m1^x1)*(m2^x2)) to plot a regression plane on a semilogarithmic scale.If the argument known_x's is omitted, it defaults to the vector that contains the values 1, 2, 3, . . . n, and is equal in size to the vectors specified by known_z's and known_y's. Ķ~lŁOp€€¦)€‚€€€€€€€€‚‚€€€€€€‚’If the arguments new_y and new_x are omitted, they default to 0. If any of the numbers in known_z's or known_y's is negative, GROWTH2 returns the error value #NUM!. Usage: The GROWTH2 function is similar to the GROWTH function but it allows you to calculate trends and make near-term forecasts that depend upon two ūKgNÕEdriving variables (known_y's and known_x's) instead of one. This function calculates growth as a percentage rate rather than an absolute change. It can be used to describe any relationship in which an absolute change in the two driving variables results in a percentage change in the driven variable.ā·Łā+(€€¦)€‚‚‚€€‚’The GROWTH2 function is used by the Tools Response Function command when you select "Lin vs. Log scale" option for the double cost curve you want to calculate. You can use the GROWTH2 function to model economic behavior that demonstrates a semilogarithmic relationship that involves two driving variables. The GROWTH2 function is applicable in areas such as activity-based costing, manpower budgeting, sales forecasting, and feasibility or competitive analysis. Examples: During the second quarter of 1990, unit production costs at the Acme Widgit company decreased 10% for each additional 100 units of widgits that were produced and for each $25 decrease in the cost of raw materials.)Ęā)c˜€€¦)€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚’Production.April equals 1000Production.May equals 900Production.June equals 855Materials.April equals 500Materials.May equals 475Materials.June equals 450Units.April equals 100Units.May equals 200Units.June equals 300Using the model displayed above, if unit sales in July are expected to be 400, material costs to decline to 425, and you want to forecast production costs based on the preceding three months of data, then:@ģ)LTz€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€€€€€‚‚€€‚‚€‚įĄ€‰‚’GROWTH2(Production.April:Production.June,Units.April:Units.June, Materials.April:Materials.June,400,425) equals 729.If you forecasted production costs in May based without specifying known_x's (Units sold in April through June), new_x (Units sold in July), or new_y (Materials in July), then:GROWTH2(Production.April:Production.June) equa"TKVÕEls 1111.11.Related functions:GROWTH calculates an exponential curve on a semilogarithmic scale and returns a y-value on the line.šĮLš/0€€¦)į«€‰‚į‰‚’COST 2 calculates a regression plane on a logarithmic scale and returns a z-value on the plane.TREND2 calculates a regression plane on a linear scale and returns a z-value on the plane.AšA("€€¦)°į—€‰’Statistical Functions'A'!ĻĮĆHOUR()A'A)$€€¦)°€€‚€’HOUR(serial_number)-A-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’é-5<€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚‚‚’Purpose: The HOUR function returns the hour portion of a serial date/time number.Arguments: serial_number A serial date/time value, a time function, or a reference to a cell that contains either a time function or a serial date/time value.The argument can be given as text, such as "13:25:00" or "6:50:20 p.m.", instead of a number. Compete! automatically converts the text to the corresponding serial time number. A text argument must be enclosed in double quotation marks. i>i+(€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚’Results: The value of the hour specified by the serial date/time value. The hour is given as an integer, ranging from 0 (12:00 a.m.) to 23 (11:00 p.m.).A serial time value is the date-time code used by Compete! for date and time calculations. Numbers range from 0 to 65380, corresponding to the dates January 1, 1900, through December 31, 2078. Numbers to the right of the decimal point in a serial date number represent the time; numbers to the left represent the date. For example, the date-time combination 12:00 p.m., January 1, 1901 is represented as 367.5.±i^Ž€€¦)€‚€‚€€€‚€€‚‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚į€‰‚į±‰‚’Examples:HOUR("4:05 AM") equals 4HOUR(32904.8) equals19HOUR uses the 24-hour time convention. On the 24-hour clock, 4 a.m. is 4 o'clock and 4 p.m. is 16 o'clock, thereforeHOUR("{\ä^ČY3:00:40 PM") equals 15If the cell B.'4 contains the function TIME(14,10,15), thenHOUR(B.'4) equals 14Related functions:WEEKDAY converts a serial number to a day of the week.DAY converts a serial number to a day of the month.UUDZ€€¦)įē€‰‚į‰‚į䉂įž‰‚įė‰‚’MONTH converts a serial number to a month of the year.YEAR converts a serial number to a year.MINUTE converts a serial number to a minute.SECOND converts a serial number to a second. NOW returns the serial number corresponding to the current date and time.CUC("€€¦)°į€‰’Date and Time Functions%C%!1ĀÄIF()_8%_' €€¦)°€‚€‚’IF(conditional_test,value_if_true,[value_if_false])b_bMl€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚’Purpose: The IF function allows you to set up a conditional test that returns one value if the test is true and a second value if the test is false.Arguments: conditional_test The conditional statement you want to test.value_if_true The value you want returned if conditional_test is true. This argument can be any value (text, number, formula, reference, etc.).value_if_false The value you want returned if conditional_test is not true. This argument can be any value (text, number, formula, reference, etc.).%Éb%\Š€€¦)€‚€€€€€€€€€€‚€€‚‚€€€€€€‚’.Results: The value_if_true if the outcome of conditional_test is true, and the value_if_false is the outcome of conditional_test is false.If the argument value_if_false is omitted, it defaults to the logical value FALSE.Usage: The IF function is useful for making conditional tests of cell values and formulas. To construct more complex tests, you can nest up to eight additional IF functions as value_if_true and value_if_false.Ż…%éX‚€€¦)€‚€‚€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚įŸ€‰‚įš‰‚įź‰‚‚’Exa}e¢g—bmples:If cell A.'1 contains the value 14, then:IF(A.'1>12,100,50) equals 100If cell A.'1 contains the value 9, then:IF(A.'1>12,100,50) equals 50Related functions:AND returns the logical value TRUE if all arguments are true.OR returns the logical value TRUE if one or more arguments are true.NOT returns the logical value that is the reverse of its argument.=é=("€€¦)°į“€‰’Logical Functions(=(!ö ĆÅINDEX()]4(])$€€¦)°€€‚€’INDEX(ref,object_index1,[object_index2], . . .)ż›]żb–€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€€€€€‚€€€€€€€€€€€€‚’Purpose: The INDEX function returns the reference of the specified cell in a range.Arguments: ref A reference to a range of cells in a view or sheet. Ref can refer to a multidimensional range.object_index The index number of an object that defines the cell you want to select from ref. Object_index1 is the index number of the object on the first dimension in the model that defines the cell, object_index2 is the index number of the object on the second dimension in the model that defines the cell, and so on. You must include an object_index for each of the dimensions in your model. If an object_index is omitted, it defaults to 1.˜Aż˜W€€€¦)€‚€€€€€€€€€€€‚€‚€€‚‚€€‚’If you are working on a sheet, object_index1 is the row number of the reference you want returned and object_index 2 is the column number. For example, if index1 is 2, it refers to the second row in the sheet range A1:B3. If index2 is 1, it refers to the first column in the sheet range A1:B3. If object_ index2 is omitted, it defaults to 1.Results: INDEX returns the reference of the specified cell.If one of the index arguments refers to an object that does not define a cell in the range specified by ref, then INDEX returns the error value #REF!.?˜K14€€¦)€JmāoČi‚€€‚‚€€‚’Use: The INDEX function lets you retrieve a value, number, or text from a specific position in a range. You can store a list of values or labels in a view or sheet and then use the INDEX function to select an item from this range.Examples: The model displayed below shows sales results by product for each sales representative in the Acme Widgit company. Dim 1 has been renamed FINANCIALS, Dim 2 has been renamed TIME, Dim 3 has been renamed SALES REPS, and Dim 4 has been renamed PRODUCTS. Sales is an object on the FINANCIALS dimension, and 1989 is an object on the TIME dimension. The objects of PRODUCTS are Pdt 1, Pdt 2, Pdt 3, Pdt 4, and Total Pdt. The object of SALES REPS are Tom Richards, Mary Smythe, Jim Westin, Jerry Mulligan, Renee Jones, and Mike Harris:] K]Pr€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€‚‚€€‚‚€€‚€‚‚į§€‰‚’INDEX(Pdt 1.Mary Smythe:Total Pdt.Mike Harris,1,1,2,1) equals a reference to Sales.'1989. Mary Smythe.Pdt 1 INDEX(Pdt 1.Mary Smythe:Total Pdt.Mike Harris,1,1,2) equal a reference Sales.'1989. Mary Smythe.Pdt 1INDEX(Pdt 1.Mary Smythe:Total Pdt.Mike Harris,1,1,1,1) equals #REF!INDEX(Pdt 1.Mary Smythe:Total Pdt.Mike Harris,1,1,2,4) equals a reference to Sales.'1989. Mary Smythe.Pdt 4 Related Functions:CHOOSE uses an index number to choose a value from the list of items designated by the arguments. ųÉ]ų/0€€¦)įŽ€‰‚įą‰‚’LOOKUP finds the specified value in a lookup table and returns the result that corresponds to that value.MATCH determines the position of the element in a vector that matches a specified value.<ų<("€€¦)°į”€‰’Lookup Functions&<&!³ÄĘINT()9&9)$€€¦)°€€‚€ ’INT(number))9)&€€’MR‚†€ ‚’¦) [ˆ€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚’Purpose: The INT function rounds the number specified by the argument down to the nearest intwFw¾veger.Arguments: number A number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these.Results: An integer number with no decimal places.Examples:INT(5.7) equals 5INT(-5.7) equals -6If the cell A.'1 contains 35.6, then:INT(A.'1) equals 35.Ü¢ Ü:F€€¦)€‚į€‰‚įü‰‚įꉂ’Related functions:TRUNC truncates a number to an integer.ROUND rounds a number to a specified number of digits.MOD gives the remainder from division.BÜB("€€¦)°į•€‰’Mathematical Functions'B'!{ ÅĒIPMT()P''P)$€€¦)°€€‚€ ’IPMT(rate,per,nper,pv,[fv],[type]))P)&€€’MR‚†€ ‚’2Ž)2Tz€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€€€€€‚€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The IPMT function calculates the interest for a given period of an investment based on periodic constant payments and a constant interest rate.Arguments: rate The interest rate per period.per A number that specifies the period. Per must be a number in the range 1 to nper.nper The total number of payment periods in the annuity.pv The present value, or the lump sum amount that the series of payments to be paid in the future is worth right now.q 2qdš€€¦)€€€€‚€€€€€€€€‚‚€€€€€€€€€€‚’fv The future value, or a cash balance you want to be attained sometime in the future after the last payment is made. If omitted, fv defaults to 0.type A value that indicates to Compete! whether the payments are received at the beginning (type is 1) or at the end (type is 0) of each period. If omitted, type defaults to 0.The rate, per, nper, pv, and fv arguments can be a number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these.Ōq)Id€€¦)€‚€€į‘€‰‚‚€€‚‚€€‚€€‚’C}“qzResults: The interest portion of the specified periodic payment on a loan or investment. See also topic Annuity FunctionsUse: The IPMT function is used to find the interest portion of a loan over a particular period of time when the payment amounts and interest rate are known.Examples: The following IPMT function finds the interest due in the fourth month of a five-year $10,000 loan at 13% annual interest:IPMT(.13/12,4,60,10000) equals -104.42.0ā)0Nn€€¦)€‚‚€€‚‚€‚į¤€‰‚įģ‰‚įó‰‚įņ‰‚’The interest due in the first year or the same loan if the payments are made yearly is:IPMT(13%,1,5,10000) equals -1300.Related functions:CAGR calculates the value that results when a specified value is increased at a periodic rate, for a specific number of periods.NPER returns the number of periods (payments) for an investment.PPMT returns the principal payment for an investment for a given period.PMT returns the periodic total payment for an investment. q0 /0€€¦)įö€‰‚įų‰‚’PV returns the present value of an investment.RATE returns the interest rate per period of an investment.? ?("€€¦)°į€‰’Financial Functions&?&!ŽĘČIRR()A&A)$€€¦)°€€‚€’IRR(values,[guess])-A-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’N-N:F€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The IRR function calculates the internal rate of return per period on an investment that generates an uneven stream of periodic payments.Arguments: values A reference to a vector that contains numbers. These numbers represent a series of payments (negative values) and income (positive values) occurring at regular periods. There must be at least one positive value and one negative value in order to calculate the internal rate of return.guess A value that represents your estimate of what the rate will be.ŹN 7@€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€€€…Ī‡ģ„€‚’ IRR uses the order of values to interpret the order of cash flows. Be sure to enter your payment and income values in the correct sequence.Values must be a vector (a range with a height, width, or depth of one cell). A vector reference can refer to either a row, column or cylinder (a one-dimensional range that extends into the depth of the model) of data. Text, logical, and empty cell values in the vector specified by values are ignored.ę 38€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€‚‚‚’Results: The interest rate per period of an investment or loan. The rate of return calculated by IRR is the interest rate corresponding to a "zero" net present value.If values does not contain at least one positive value and one negative value, IRR returns the error value #DIV!.IRR is calculated by iteration, and can have zero or more solutions, If the successive results of IRR do not converge to within 0.0000001 after 20 iterations, IRR returns the error value #NUM!.ŽUŽ9D€€¦)€‚€€€€‚‚€€‚‚‚’If IRR does not converge, try different values for guess. IRR usually converges if given a guess between 0 and 1.Use: The IRR function is useful for calculating the internal rate of return on an investment. The internal rate of return is the interest rate received for an investment consisting of payments (negative values) and income (positive values) that occur at regular periods.IRR is similar to RATE but calculates the rate of return on an investment that generates uneven periodic cash flows rather than a constant periodic stream of cash. IRR is to NPV what RATE is to PV. ŠŽ;H€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚‚€€€€‚‚‚’Examples: Suppose your company is interested in beginning a new venture. Start-up costs are estimated at $100,000, and the venture is expected to net the following income in the first five years: $15,000, $18,000, $25,000, $30,000, and $35,000.To calculate the investment's rate of return after four years, use:IRRō‹‚Žģ„(Income.'1990:Income.'1994) equals -0.0442 equals -4.42%.To calculate the investment's internal rate of return after five years, use:ÅY„€€¦)€€€€€‚‚€€‚€€€€‚‚€‚į倉‚įķ‰‚’IRR(Income.'1990:Income.'1996) equals .0634 equals 6.34%.To calculate the internal rate of return after two years, you will need to include a guess:IRR(Income.'1990:Income.'1992,-20%) equals -0.4941 equals 49.41.Related functions:MIRR gives the internal rate of return where positive and negative cash flows are financed at different rates.NPV returns the net present value of an investment based on uneven periodic cash flows.„\„("€€¦)įų€‰‚’RATE returns the interest rate for an investment based on constant periodic cash flows.?„?("€€¦)°į€‰’Financial Functions* ?*!ĢĒÉISBLANK()D*D/0€€¦)°€€ €€‚€ ’ISBLANK(value))D)&€€’MR‚†€ ‚’¶)[ˆ€€¦)€‚€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€‚‚€€‚‚€‚€‚€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The ISBLANK function determines if a cell is empty.Arguments: value A cell reference.Results: The logical value TRUE is returned if the referenced cell is empty; otherwise the value FALSE is returned.Usage: The ISBLANK function is useful for determining if data is missing in a cell.Examples: If A.'1 contains 8 and B.'3 is an empty cell then: ISBLANK(A.'1) equals FALSE. ISBLANK(B.'3) equals TRUE.Ž§Ž7@€€¦)€‚€‚į„€‰‚į‰‚’Related functions:CELL returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell.TYPE returns a number indicating the data type of a value.FŽF-,€€¢MB„‰Q‡į’€‰’Information Functions/F/!Ų ČŹISCONSISTENT()`&/`:F€€žMB„‰Q‡€€ €€ €€‚€’ISCONSISTENT(ref,[tolerance])&`7#€€¦)°€‚’XXXXX՗ ˜F—×7×X‚€€¦)€€‚‚€€ƒ€€ƒ‚€€ƒ€€‚‚€€ƒ€€€€‚’Purpose: The ISCONSISTENT function determines if all formulas that are available in the specified cell–both global and worksheet formulas–return the same value.Arguments:refA cell reference.toleranceA value that indicates the degree of difference that is acceptable among the values returned by the different formulas available in the cell. If tolerance is omitted, it defaults to 0.Results:If the values returned by the different formulas available in the cell specified by ref differ by more than the value specified by tolerance then the logical value FALSE is returned; otherwise the value TRUE is returned.o=×o26€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€ƒ‚’For example, if tolerance is .01 and the values calculated by the formulas available in the specified cell differ by more than .01, then ISCONSISTENT returns the value FALSE. If these values differ by less than .01, then ISCONSISTENT returns the value TRUE.Use:The ISCONSISTENT function is useful for determining if the different worksheet and global formulas available in a cell are all calculating the same value. You can use this function to create a term that checks the consistency of calculated data throughout your model, as discussed under "Examples." „Do„@R€€¦)€‚€€ƒ€‚€‚€€‚€€‚‚’Examples:The cell A.'3 contains a worksheet formula that returns the value 9.7 of the view. Two other global formulas are available in this cell. They both return the value 10. If the functions listed below were entered in a cell A.'5, then:ISCONSISTENT(A.'3) equals FALSE.ISCONSISTENT(A.'3,1) equals TRUE.You can also enter the ISCONSISTENT function in a cell as the worksheet formula and use it to evaluate the consistency of the global formulas available in that cell. If you replaced the worksheet formula in cell A.'3 of the view illustrated above, then:öĆ„38€€¦)€€€‚‚‚‚R֟F—‚€‚€’ISCONSISTENT(A.'3) equals TRUE,since both of the global formulas available in the cell return the value 10.To use the ISCONSISTENT function to create a term that checks the consistency of calculated data in your model, create a new term named "INCON" and define it as follows:IF(ISCONSISTENT(X),X,"INCON")so that any cell (X) that is consistent is displayed in NO TERM, and any cell that is not consistent displays the text string "INCON".--*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’Ų„-Ų38€€¦)€‚į„€‰‚į‰‚’Related functions:CELL returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell.TYPE returns a number indicating the data type of a value.AŲA("€€¦)°į’€‰’Information Functions(A(!’ÉĖISERR()B(B/0€€¦)°€€ €€‚€ ’ISERR(value))B)&€€’MR‚†€ ‚’`)`Id€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€‚’Purpose: The ISERR function determines if the argument is any Compete! error value except #N/A.Arguments: value A cell reference, or a function that returns a value.Results: The logical value TRUE is returned if value is any Compete! error value except #N/A (no value available); otherwise the value FALSE is returned. The Compete! error values are: #N/A, #VALUE!, #REF!, #DIV/0!, #NUM!, #CYC!, #STO!.Use: The ISERR function is useful for determining if a cell contains any error value except the error value #N/A.æY`æfž€€¦)€‚€€€€€€€‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚‚€‚į„€‰‚į‰‚’Examples: If A.'1 equals #N/A , C.'1 contains =B.'3/0 (#DIV/0) and B.'3 equals 56: ISERR(C.'1) equals TRUE.ISERR(B.'3) equals FALSE.ISERR(A.'1) equals FALSE.Related functions:CELL returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell.TYPE returns a number indicating the data type of a value.AæM("€€¦)°į’€‰’Inform¦Š§£ation Functions* M*!³ŹĢISERROR()D*D/0€€¦)°€€ €€‚€ ’ISERROR(value))D)&€€’MR‚†€ ‚’Ļ)Id€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€€€‚€‚€‚’Purpose: The ISERROR function determines if the argument is any Compete! error value.Arguments: value A cell reference, or a function that returns a value.Results: The logical value TRUE is returned if value is any Compete! error value, otherwise the value FALSE is returned. The Compete! error values are: #N/A, #VALUE!, #REF!, #DIV/0!, #NUM!, #CYC!, #STO!.Use: The ISERROR function is useful for determining a cell contains any error value.Ć]Ćfž€€¦)€‚€€€€€€€‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚‚€‚į„€‰‚į‰‚’Examples: If A.'1 equals #N/A , C.'1 contains =B.'3/0 (#DIV/0) and B.'3 equals 56: ISERROR(C.'1) equals TRUE.ISERROR(B.'3) equals FALSE.ISERROR(A.'1) equals TRUE.Related functions:CELL returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell.TYPE returns a number indicating the data type of a value.AĆA("€€¦)°į’€‰’Information Functions, A,!ĖĶISLOGICAL():,:&€€¦)°€‚€’ISLOGICAL(value)-:-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’Ą-_€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The ISLOGICAL function determines if the argument is a logical value.Arguments: value A cell reference, or a function that returns a value.Use: The ISLOGICAL function is useful for determining if a cell contains a logical value.Results: The logical value TRUE is returned if value is a logical value; otherwise the value FALSE is returned.Examples:ISLOGICAL(TRUE()) equals TRUE.ISLOGICAL(FALSE()) equals TRUE. Ė>N€€¦)€€€‚‚€‚į„€‰‚į‰‚’ISLOGICAL("TRUE()") equals FALSE.Related functions:CELLc­‚ÆŠ¬ returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell.TYPE returns a number indicating the data type of a value.AA("€€¦)°į’€‰’Information Functions'A'!ĢĪISNA()A'A/0€€¦)°€€ €€‚€’ISNA(value)²A\Š€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€‚€€€‚’Purpose: The ISNA function determines if the argument is the error value #N/A (no value available).Arguments: value A cell reference, or a function that returns a value.Use: The ISNA function is useful for determining if a cell contains the error value #NA.Results: The logical value TRUE is returned if value is the error value #N/A; otherwise the value FALSE is returned.Examples:ISNA(25) equals FALSE.K’KLj€€¦)€€€‚€€‚‚€‚į„€‰‚į‰‚į鉂’ISNA(TRUE()) equals FALSE.ISNA(NA()) equals TRUE.Related functions:CELL returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell.TYPE returns a number indicating the data type of a value.NA returns the errorcode #N/A.AKA("€€¦)°į’€‰’Information Functions, A,!(ĶĻISNONTEXT()F,F/0€€¦)°€€ €€‚€’ISNONTEXT(value)-F-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’Ø-_€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The ISNONTEXT function determines if the argument is not text.Arguments: value A number, formula, text, or cell reference.Results: The logical value TRUE is returned if value is not text; otherwise the value FALSE is returned.Use: The ISNONTEXT function is useful for determining if a cell contains anything except text.Examples:ISNONTEXT(35) equals TRUE.ISNONTEXT(TRUE()) equals TRUE.5šAE\€€¦)€€€‚€€‚‚€‚€į„‰‚į‰‚’ISNONTEXT("COMPETE") equals FALSE.ISNONTEXT("price") eyµ€·Ś“quals FALSE.Related functions: CELL returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell.TYPE returns a number indicating the data type of a value.AAA("€€¦)°į’€‰’Information Functions+ A+!~ĪŠISNUMBER()E+E/0€€¦)°€€ €€‚€’ISNUMBER(value)-E-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’Ą-Qt€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€‚‚€€‚’Purpose: The ISNUMBER function determines if the argument is a number.Arguments: value A number, formula, text, or cell reference.Results: The logical value TRUE is returned if value is a number; otherwise the value FALSE is returned. The value argument is not translated. For example, the text value "11" is not translated to the number 11.Use: The ISNUMBER function is useful for determining if a cell contains a number.1^Ž€€¦)€‚€€‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚‚€‚į„€‰‚į‰‚’Examples:ISNUMBER(56) equals TRUE.ISNUMBER("COMPETE") equals FALSE.ISNUMBER(PI()) equals TRUE.ISNUMBER("5") equals FALSE.Related functions:CELL returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell.TYPE returns a number indicating the data type of a value.AA("€€¦)°į’€‰’Information Functions(A(!åĻŃISREF()B(B/0€€¦)°€€ €€‚€’ISREF(value)-B-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’#Ć-/`’€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€‚‚€€‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The ISREF function determines if the argument is a reference.Arguments: value A number, text, formula, or cell reference.Results: The logical value TRUE is returned if the argument is a cell reference; otherwise the value FALSE is returned.Use: The ISREF function is useful for determining if a cell contains a reference.Examples: ISREF(D.'2) equals TRUE. Iź½¾€½SREF(19) equals FALSE. ISREF(TRUE()) equals FALSE.Ž§/Ž7@€€¦)€‚€‚į„€‰‚į‰‚’Related functions:CELL returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell.TYPE returns a number indicating the data type of a value.AŽA("€€¦)°į’€‰’Information Functions)A)!ėŠŅISTEXT()C)C/0€€¦)°€€ €€‚€’ISTEXT(value)-C-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’„-i¤€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€‚‚€€‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The ISTEXT function determines if the argument is text.Arguments: value A number, function, text, or cell reference.Results: The logical value TRUE is returned if value is text; otherwise the value FALSE is returned.Use: The ISTEXT function is useful for determining if a cell contains text.Examples:ISTEXT(2) equals FALSEISTEXT(TRUE()) equals FALSEISTEXT("COMPETE") equals TRUEÅ>N€€¦)€€€‚‚€‚į„€‰‚į‰‚’ISTEXT("price") equals TRUERelated functions:CELL returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell.TYPE returns a number indicating the data type of a value.AA("€€¦)°į’€‰’Information Functions(A(!“ŃÓLABEL()O&(O)$€€¦)°€€‚€ ’LABEL(dimension_name,[reference]))O)&€€’MR‚†€ ‚’­Y)¹Tz€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€€€‚€€‚‚€€€€€€‚’Purpose: The LABEL function uses a dimension name and a cell reference to return the name of an object.Arguments: dimension_name The name of the dimension on which the object whose name you want returned is located. Since this argument is a text value, it must be enclosed in double quotation marks.reference A reference to a cell that is defined by the object whose name you want returned.Results: A text value that is the nĒÅšÅPÅame of the object located on the dimension specified by dimension_name, and that is referenced in reference. The LABEL function is not case-sensitive.֝¹Ö9D€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€‚‚€€‚’If reference is not specified, it defaults to the reference of the cell containing the LABEL function itself.Use: The LABEL function can be used to return numeric object names (e.g., 1989, 1990, 1991, etc.) as text representations of numbers when you are predicting future values with functions such as TREND or GROWTH.Examples: In a model Dim 1 was renamed PRODUCTS, Dim 2 was renamed FINANCIALS, and Dim 3 was renamed YEARS. There are four objects on the YEARS dimension: 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991. The object of FINANCIALS are Units, Price, Sales, Total Costs, Net Operating Profits and the objects on PRODUCTS are Pdt 1, Pdt 2, Pdt 3 and Total Pdt:IīÖI[ˆ€€¦)€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚‚€‚įī€‰‚įļ‰‚į³‰‚į“‰‚’LABEL("PRODUCTS",Units.Pdt3.1989) equals "Pdt 3"LABEL("FINANCIALS",Units.Pdt 3.1989) equals "Units"LABEL("YEARS",Units.Pdt3.1989) equals "1989"Related functions:OBJECTINDEX uses a dimension index to return the index number of an object.OBJECTNAME uses dimension and object index numbers to return the name of an object.DIMENSION uses the dimension name to return the index number of a dimension. DIMENSIONNAME uses an index number to return the name of a dimension.<I<("€€¦)°į”€‰’Lookup Functions'<'!9ŅŌLEFT()O&'O)$€€¦)°€€‚€’LEFT(text,[number_of_characters])-O-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’‰5-•Tz€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€€€‚‚€€€€€€‚’Purpose: The LEFT function extracts the specified number of leftmost characters from a string of text.Arguments: text A number, text, or a cell reference. If the argument is a string of text, the argument must be enclosed in double quotation marks.nuzĪ§ĪĪmber_of_chartacters The number of characters you want to extract from the beginning of the string of text specified by text. This argument must be greater than zero. Results: A string of text that is the length specified by number_of_characters and is extracted from the beginning of text.4Å•4o°€€¦)€‚€€€€€€€€‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚‚‚€€€€‚‚€‚įū€‰‚’If number_of_characters is greater than the length of text, then all of text is returned. If number_of_characters is omitted, it defaults to 1.Examples:LEFT("Edwin Moore",5) equals "Edwin"LEFT("Edwin Moore") equals "E"If the cell C.'10 contains "large", then:LEFT(C.'10) equals "l", and LEFT(C.'10,5) equals "large".Related functions:RIGHT extracts the specified number of rightmost characters from a string of text.“k4“("€€¦)įā€‰‚’MID extracts a specified number characters from a string of text at a specific location in the string.:“:("€€¦)°į˜€‰’Text Functions&:&! ÓÕLEN()?&?/0€€¦)°€€ €€‚€ ’LEN(text))?)&€€’MR‚†€ ‚’Æ)Sx€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚‚‚’Purpose: The LEN function returns the number of characters in a string of text.Arguments: text A number, text, or a cell reference. If the argument is a string of text, the argument must be enclosed in double quotation marks.Results: A number that indicates the number of characters in the specified text.Examples:LEN("Units") equals 5LEN(1200) equals (4)If the cell B.'1 contains the text "Sales", then:JüVNn€€¦)€€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚į·€‰‚į½‰‚įż‰‚’LEN(B.'1) equals 5.If the cell Sales.Total Regions.1989 contains the formula SUM(Sales.North: Sales.West) and the result of this formula is 40978, then:LEN(Sales.Total Regions.1989) equals 5.Related functions:EXACTĖŌĶÖ=Ō determines if two text values are identical.FIND finds one text value within another; this function is case-sensitive and does not accept wildcard characters.SEARCH finds one text value within another; this function is not case-sensitive and accepts wildcard characters.:V:("€€¦)°į˜€‰’Text Functions, :,!9ŌŲLINLINEST()U,,U)$€€¦)°€€‚€’LINLINEST(known_y's,[known_x's],[type])-U-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’]-]Ml€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚€€€€€€‚’Purpose: The LINLINEST function uses known x and y data points to calculate a regression line on a linear scale and determine the slope or the y-axis intercept of the line.Arguments: known_y's A reference to the vector that contains the known y-values on the line.known_x's A reference to the vector that contains the corresponding known x-values on the line.type A number that indicates whether you want the function to return the slope of the specified line (type is 0) or the y-axis intercept (type is 1).Õ†]ÕOp€€¦)€‚€€€€€€€€‚‚€€€€€€‚’The arguments known_y's and known_x's must both be vectors (a range with a height, width, or depth of one cell). A vector reference can refer to either a row, column, or cylinder (a one-dimensional range that extends into the depth of the model) of data; however, the rows, columns, or cylinders of data specified as known_y's and known_x's must contain the same number of cells.Results: The number that represents either the slope (m in the formula y=mx + b) or the y-axis intercept (b in the formula y = mx + b) of the straight line determined by the y-values specified by known_y's and the x-values specified by known_x's.FéÕR]Œ€€¦)€‚€ €€ €€ €€ €€‚€‚€€€€€€€€‚‚‚’The LINLINEST function uses the formula y= m1x1 + m2x2 + . . . + b to plot a regression linehÜ=ß]Ł on a linear scale.If the argument known_x's is omitted, it defaults to the vector that contains the values 1, 2, 3, . . . n, and is equal in size to the vector specified by known_y's. If the argument type is omitted, it defaults to 0, and LINLINEST returns the slope of the specified line.The accuracy of the line calculated by LINLINEST depends on the degree of scattering in the data specified by the arguments. The more linear the data, the more accurate the LINLINEST model. LINLINEST uses the method of least squares for determining the best fit for the data. The calculations for m is based on the following formula:”^R”CX€€¦)€‚€ €€ €€ €‚‚€ €€ €‚’ n (Sxy)-(Sx)(Sy)m = ------------------------ n(S(x²))-(Sx)²&”&#€€¦)°€‚’O÷&OX‚€€¦)€‚‚€ €€ €€ €€ €‚‚€ €€ €‚‚€€€‚€’The calculation for b is based the following formula: (Sy)(S(x²))-(Sx)(Sxy)b = ------------------------------- n(S(x²))-(Sx)²Use: The LINLINEST function can be used to calculate trends and then to determine the slope or y-axis intercept of the regression line that results. The LINLINEST function calculates growth as an incremental change rather than a percentage rate. When you use the LINLINEST function to calculate a line that passes through your data, Compete! assumes that an absolute change in the driving variable (e.g., time, price of raw materials, units produced, headcount, etc.) will result in an absolute change in the driven variable (e.g., sales, production costs, administrative costs, etc.).žļOŖÆ0€¦)€‚€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€‚€€€‚€€€€‚€€€‚€€€‚€€€€‚€€€‚€€€‚€€€€‚€€€‚‚‚’Examples: Jan.Sales equals 10000Feb.Sales equals 11000Mar.Sales equals 12500Apr.Sales equals 14045Mai.Sales equals 13450Jun.Sales equals 12305Vć„ę]ŁJan.Units equals 1000Feb.Units equals 1195Mar.Units equals 1300Apr.Units equals 1475Mai.Units equals 1400Jun.Units equals 1285LINLINEST calculates the regression line that passes through these data from the sales and units figures. If you want to determine the slope value of this line, then:€:Ŗ€F^€€¦)€€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€€€€‚’LINLINEST(Jan.Sales:Jun.Sales,Jan.Units:Jun.Units,0) equals 8.92.LINLINEST(Jan.Sales:Jun.Sales,Jan.Units:Jun.Units) equals 8.92.If you want to determine the y-intercept value of this line, then:LINLINEST(Jan.Sales:Jun.Sales,Jan.Units:Jun.Units,1) equals 832.09.If you want to calculate the regression line that passes through the data based only on the sales figures, you do not have to specify known_x's because the x-values would then be the same as the default known_x's (e.g., 1, 2, 3, . . .). The slope of this regression line would be given by:¹€Id€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚įր‰‚į׉‚’LINLINEST(Jan.Sales:Jun.Sales,,0) equals 583.43.The y-intercept of this regression line would be given by:LINLINEST(Jan.Sales:Jun.Sales,,1) equals 10175.Related function:LINLOGEST calculates an exponential curve on a semilogarithmic scale and returns the slope or the y-axis intercept of the curve.LOGLOGEST calculates an exponential curve on a logarithmic scale and returns the slope or y-axis intercept of the curve.„\„("€€¦)į€‰‚’TREND calculates a regression line on a linear scale and returns a y-value on the line.A„A("€€¦)°į—€‰’Statistical Functions, A,!ńŲŁLINLOGEST()U,,U)$€€¦)°€€‚€’LINLOGEST(known_y's,[known_x's],[type])-U-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’f-rMl€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚€€€€€€‚’Purpose: The LINLOGEST function uses known x and y data points to calculate an exponential curve on a semilogļDļ–īarithmic scale and determine the slope or y-axis intercept of the curve.Arguments: known_y's A reference to the vector that contains the known y-values on the line.known_x's A reference to the vector that contains the corresponding known x-values on the line.type A number that indicates whether you want the function to return the slope of the specified line (type is 0) or the y-axis intercept (type is 1).Ł‹rŁNn€€¦)€€€€€€€€€‚€‚€€€€€‚’The arguments known_y's and known_x's must both be vectors (a range with a height, width, or depth of one cell). A vector reference can refer to either a row, column, or cylinder (a one-dimensional range that extends into the depth of the model) of data; however, the rows, columns, or cylinders of data specified as known_y's and known_x's must contain the same number of cells.Results: The number that represents either the slope (m in the formula y = mx + b) or the y-axis intercept (b in the formula y = mx + b) of the exponential curve determined by the y-values specified by known_y's and the x-values specified by known_x's.tŁtc˜€€¦)€‚€ €€ €€ €€ €€‚€‚€€€€€€€€‚‚€€‚’The LINLOGEST function uses the formula y=b*(m1^x1)*( m2^x2)) to plot an exponential curve on a semilogarithmic scale.If the argument known_x's is omitted, it defaults to the vector that contains the values 1, 2, 3, . . . n, and is equal in size to the vector specified by known_y's. If type is omitted, it defaults to 0, and LINLOGEST returns the slope of the specified exponential curve.If any of the numbers specified by the known_y's argument is negative, LINLOGEST returns the error value #NUM!.¬tø+(€€¦)€‚‚‚€€‚’The more closely the data specified by the arguments resembles an exponential curve, the better the curve calculated by LINLOGEST will fit your data. Use: Like the LINLINEST function, the LINLOGEST functō÷–īion can be used to calculate a trend and then to determine the slope or y-axis intercept of the curve that results. Whereas the LINLINEST function fits a straight line to your data, however, the LINLOGEST function fits an exponential curve. The LINLOGEST function calculates growth as a percentage rate rather than an incremental change. When you use the LINLOGEST function to calculate a line that passes through your data, Compete! assumes that an incremental change in the driving variable (e.g., time, price of raw materials, units produced, headcount, etc.) will result in a percentage change in the driven variable (e.g., sales, production costs, administrative costs, etc.).ŸšøŸÆ0€¦)€‚€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€‚€€€‚€€€€‚€€€‚€€€‚€€€€‚€€€‚€€€‚€€€€‚€€€‚‚‚’Examples: Jan.Sales equals 10000Feb.Sales equals 11000Mar.Sales equals 12500Apr.Sales equals 14045Mai.Sales equals 13450Jun.Sales equals 12305Jan.Units equals 1000Feb.Units equals 1195Mar.Units equals 1300Apr.Units equals 1475Mai.Units equals 1400Jun.Units equals 1285LINLOGEST calculates the exponential line that passes through these data from the sales and units figures. If you want to determine the slope value of this line, then:…?Ÿ…F^€€¦)€€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€€€€‚’LINLOGEST(Jan.Sales:Jun.Sales,Jan.Units:Jun.Units,0) equals 1.0008.LINLOGEST(Jan.Sales:Jun.Sales,Jan.Units:Jun.Units) equals 1.0008.If you want to determine the y-intercept value of this line, then:LINLOGEST(Jan.Sales:Jun.Sales,Jan.Units:Jun.Units,1) equals 4650.2.If you want to calculate the exponential line that passes through this data based only on the sales figures, you do not have to specify known_x's because the x-values would then be the same as the default known_x's(e.g., 1, 2, 3, . . .). The slope of this regression line would be given by:[ …gNn€€¦)€€Zżß’–ī€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚įՀ‰‚į׉‚įĄ‰‚’LINLOGEST(Jan.Sales:Jun.Sales,,0) equals 1.0515.The y-intercept of this regression line would be given by:LINLOGEST(Jan.Sales:Jun.Sales,,1) equals 10181.Related function:LINLINEST calculates a regression line on a linear scale and returns the slope or y-axis intercept of the line.LOGLOGEST calculates an exponential curve on a logarithmic scale and returns the slope or y-axis intercept of the curve.GROWTH calculates an exponential curve on a semilogarithmic scale and returns a y-value on the line.AgA("€€¦)°į—€‰’Statistical Functions, A,!ņÜŻLOGLOGEST()U,,U)$€€¦)°€€‚€’LOGLOGEST(known_y's,[known_x's],[type])-U-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’g-gMl€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚€€€€€€‚’Purpose: The LOGLOGEST function uses known x and y data points to calculate an exponential curve on a logarithmic scale and determines the slope or the y-axis intercept of the curve.Arguments: known_y's A reference to the vector that contains the known y-values on the line.known_x's A reference to the vector that contains the corresponding known x-values on the line.type A number that indicates whether you want the function to return the slope of the specified line (type is 0) or the y-axis intercept (type is 1).Ł‹gåNn€€¦)€€€€€€€€€‚‚€€€€€€‚’The arguments known_y's and known_x's must both be vectors (a range with a height, width, or depth of one cell). A vector reference can refer to either a row, column, or cylinder (a one-dimensional range that extends into the depth of the model) of data; however, the rows, columns, or cylinders of data specified as known_y's and known_x's must contain the same number of cells.Results: The number that represents either the slope (m in the formula y = mx + b) or the y-axis intercept (b in the formula y = mx + b) of t5œ‡he logarithmic curve determined by the y-values specified by known_y's and the x-values specified by known_x's.Ŗå[ˆ€€¦)€‚€ €€ €€ €€ €€‚€‚€€€€€€€€‚’The LOGLOGEST function uses the formula y=b*(m1^(2^x1))*( m2^(2^x2)) to plot an exponential curve on a logarithmic scale.If the argument known_x's is omitted, it defaults to the vector that contains the values 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 . . . n, and is equal in size to the vector specified by known_y's. If type is omitted, it defaults to 0 and LOGLOGEST returns the slope of the specified logarithmic curve.s@s38€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚‚€€‚’If any of the numbers specified by the known_y's argument is negative, LOGLOGEST returns the error value #NUM!.The more closely the data specified by the arguments resembles a logarithmic curve, the better the line calculated by LOGLOGEST will fit your data. Use: Like the LINLINEST or LINLOGEST functions, the LOGLOGEST function can be used to calculate a trend and then to determine the slope or y-axis intercept of the curve that results. The LOGLOGEST function, however, fits a different curve to your data. Like the COST function, the LOGLOGEST function can be used to describe any relationship in which a percentage change in the driving variable (e.g., plant capacity, advertising expenses, headcount, etc.) results in a percentage change in the driven variable (e.g, unit costs, selling costs, administrative costs, etc.). You can use the LOGLOGEST function to model economic behavior that demonstrates a logarithmic relationship. The LOGLOGEST function is applicable in areas such as manpower budgeting, sales forecasting, and feasibility or competitive analysis.!»s-fž€€¦)€‚€‚€‚‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€’Examples: Departmental administrative costs are currently $10,000 per head per year; history shows that they have grown by 50% whenever departmental headcou† ł‡nt doubles (grows by 100%).'1986.Admin Costs equals $2963'1987.Admin Costs equals $4444.5'1988.Admin Costs equals $6666.7'1989.Admin Costs equals $10000'1986.Headcount equals 25'1987.Headcount equals 50'1988.Headcount equals 100'1989.Headcount equals 200.ų-.6>€€¦)€‚€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚’LOGLOGEST calculates the regression line that passes through these data based on the firm's experience of administrative costs per head and headcount. If you want to determine the slope value of this line, then:LOGLOGEST('1986.Admin Costs:'1989.Admin Costs,'1986.Headcount :'1989.Headcount,0) equals 1.499993.LOGLOGEST('1986.Admin Costs Per Head:'1989.Admin Costs Per Head, '1986.Headcount: '1989.Headcount) equals 1.499993.If you want to determine the y-intercept value of this line, then:4ö.4>N€€¦)€€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€‚’LOGLOGEST('1986.Admin Costs Per Head:'1989.Admin Costs Per Head, '1986.Headcount: '1989.Headcount,1) equals 450.8157.If you want to calculate the regression line that passes through the data based only on the sales figures, you do not have to specify known_x's because the x-values will then be the same as the default known_x's (e.g., 1, 2, 3, . . .). The slope of this regression line would be given by:LOGLOGEST('1986.Admin Costs Per Head:'1989.Admin Costs Per Head) equals 1.499993.°r4°>N€€¦)€‚€‚€įՉ‚į։‚į«‰‚’Related function: LINLINEST calculates a regression line on a linear scale and returns the slope or the y-axis intercept of the line.LINLOGEST calculates an exponential curve on a semilogarithmic scale and returns the slope or the y-axis intercept of the curve.COST calculates an exponential curve on a logarithmic scale and returns a y-value on the line.A°A("€€¦)°į—€‰’Statistical Functions* A*!µÕÖLINLINS()S**i)$€€¦)°€€‚€’INLINS(known_y's,[known_x's],[new_x])XXXXXXXXXX£ y-i-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’-ģ--AT€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The LINLINS function calculates a straight line between each successive pair of known data points on a linear scale and determines a new y-value for the new x-value specified by the argument.Arguments: known_y's A reference to the vector that contains the known y-values.known_x's A reference to the vector that contains the corresponding known x-values.new_x A number or reference to a cell that contains the x-value that corresponds to the y-value you are seeking.o-oTz€€¦)€€€€€€€€€‚‚€€€€€€€€‚’The arguments known_y's and known_x's must both be vectors (a range with a height, width, or depth of one cell). A vector reference can refer to either a row, column, or cylinder (a one-dimensional range that extends into the depth of the model) of data, however; the rows, columns, or cylinders of data specified as known_y's and known_x's must contain the same number of cells.Results: The number that represents the y-coordinate that corresponds to new_x on the curve determined by the known_y's and the known_x's. Œo ”ś€€¦)€‚€ €€ €€ €€ €€ €€ €‚‚‚€ €€ €€ €€ €€ €€ €‚€ €€ €€ €€ €€ €€ €‚‚’The LINLINS function uses the formula y=y[i]+(y[i+1]-y[i])*((x-x[i])/(x[i+1]-x[i])) to plot a line between each pair of data points on a linear scale.if new_x < x1 LINLINS returns y0if x1 < new_x < x2 LINLINS returns y0+(y1 - y0)*(x - x1)/(x2 - x1)if x2 < new_x < x3 LINLINS returns y1+(y2 - y1)*(x - x2)/(x3 - x2)if new_x > xn LINLINS returns yn ½ Pr€€¦)€‚‚€€€€€€€€€€‚‚€€€€‚’If the argument known_x's is omitted, it defaults to the vector that contains the values 1, 2, 3, . . . n, and is equal in size to the vector specified by known_y's. If the arguÕõyment new_x is omitted, it defaults to 0. If any of the numbers in known_y's is negative, LINLINS returns the error value #NUM!.Usage: The LINLINS function is useful for smoothing out staircase-step relationships to better approximate a curve and to model economic behavior more realistically. The LINLINS function calculates growth as an incremental change rather than a percentage rate. When you use the LINLINS function to calculate a line between each pair of known data points, Compete! assumes that an absolute change in the driving variable (e.g., time, price of raw materials, units produced, headcount, etc.) will result in an absolute change in the driven variable (e.g., sales, production costs, administrative costs, etc.). For example, if the year-end headcount is known, or can be projected, the LINLINS function allows the headcount for each month to be interpolated in linear increments (12 in this case) that are consistent with an arbitrary, user-defined range of specified year-end figures. Y6Y#€€¦)€‚‚’The essential advantage of all the Compete! "S" functions (LINLINS, LINLOGS, and LOGLOGS) is that they provide an easy approximation of complex mathematical relationships. During the budgeting and planning processes, managers often must build what-if models for product life cycles, project headcount projections, and other economic relationships that have an up-then-down pattern. Since the mathematical relationships that model this kind of behavior are too complex for most users to define, static, less realistic assumptions are typically used. Sensitivity analysis is then impossible or must be performed manually. With Compete!, however, you can specify the known points and then use the "S" function that best describes the expected trend to plot the appropriate line between each pair of known data points.Y c˜€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚‚’Examples: R&D costs and headcount at Big Idea Labs$g'y for the past four years are shown in the view displayed below.'1986.R&D Costs equals $1.0Mio'1987.R&D Costs equals $1.4Mio'1988.R&D Costs equals $2.0Mio'1989.R&D Costs equals $2.2Mio'1986.R&D Headcount equals 100 people'1987.R&D Headcount equals 200 people'1988.R&D Headcount equals 300 people'1989.R&D Headcount equals 400 peopleÕ >N€€¦)€‚€€€€‚‚‚€€€€‚’If R&D headcount is expected to be reduced to 350 in 1990 and you want to forecast R&D costs in 1990, then:LINLINS('1986.R&D Costs:'1989.R&D Costs,'1986.R&D Headcount: '1989.R&D Headcount,350) equals 2.1E06 equals $2.1 million.If R&D headcount is expected to be reduced to 290 in 1991 and you want to forecast R&D costs in 1991, then:LINLINS('1986.R&D Costs:'1989.R&D Costs,'1986.R&D Headcount: '1989.R&D Headcount,290) equals 1.9E06 equals $1.9 million.l5l7@€€¦)€‚€‚įŁ€‰‚įŻ‰‚’ Related function:LINLOGS calculates an exponential curve between each pair of known data points on a semilogarithmic scale returns a new y-value on the curve.LOGLOGS calculates an exponential curve between each pair of known data points on a logarithmic scale and returns a y-value on the curve.<l<("€€¦)°į”€‰’Lookup Functions* <*!¾ÖŚLINLOGS()T+*T)$€€¦)°€€‚€’LINLOGS(known_y's,[known_x's],[new_x])-T-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’1š-=AT€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The LINLOGS function calculates an exponential curve between each pair of known data points on a semilogarithmic scale and determines a new y-value for the new x-value specified by the argument.Arguments: known_y's A reference to the vector that contains the known y-values.known_x's A reference to the vector that contains the corresponding known x-values.new_x A number or reference to a cell that contains the x-value that corresponds to the y-value you want ¬-Ł-.-to know.}(=}U|€€¦)€‚€€€€€€€€‚‚€€€€€€€€‚’The arguments known_y's and known_x's must both be vectors (a range with a height, width, or depth of one cell). A vector reference can refer to either a row, column, or cylinder (a one-dimensional range that extends into the depth of the model) of data; however, the rows, columns, or cylinders of data specified as known_y's and known_x's must contain the same number of cells.Results: The number that represents the y-coordinate on the exponential curve determined by the known_y's and the known_x's that corresponds to new_x.DŖ}Dš€¦)€‚€ €€ €€ €€ €€ €€ €€‚‚€€ €€ €€ €€ €€ €€ €‚‚‚€ €€ €€ €€ €€ €€ €‚’The LINLOGS function uses the formula y=y0*(y1/y0)^((x - x0)/(x1 - x0)) to plot an exponential curve on a semilogarithmic scale.The LINLOGS function uses the formula y=y[i]*(y[i+1]/y[i])^((x-x[i])/(x[i+1]-x[i])) to plot a line between each pair of data points on a linear scale.if new_x < x1 LINLOGS returns y0if x1 < new_x < x2 LINLOGS returns y0*(y1 / y0)^(x - x1)/(x2 - x1)³Dg €€¦)€€ €€ €€ €€ €€ €€ €‚‚‚€€€€€€€€€€‚’if x2 < new_x < x3 LINLOGS returns y1*(y2 / y1)^(x - x2)/(x3 - x2)if new_x > xn LINLOGS returns ynIf the argument known_x's is omitted, it defaults to the vector that contains the values 1, 2, 3, . . . n, and is equal in size to the vector specified by known_y's. If the argument new_x is omitted, it defaults to 0. If any of the numbers in known_y's is negative, LINLOGS returns the error value #NUM!.€QŒ/0€€¦)€‚€€€€‚’Use: The LINLOGS function is useful for smoothing out staircase-step relationships to better approximate a curve and to model economic behavior more realistically. Like the LINLINS function, the LINLOGS function fits a ×4ń6.-curve between the known data points. But whereas the LINLINS function plots a straight line between each of these points, the LINLOGS function plots an exponential curve. Also, LINLOGS calculates growth as an percentage rate rather than an incremental change. When you use this function to calculate a curve between two of the known data points, Compete! assumes that an absolute change in the driving variable (e.g., time, price of raw materials, units produced, headcount, etc.) will result in a percentage change in the driven variable (e.g., sales, production costs, administrative costs, etc.). For example, if the year-end headcount is known, or can be projected, the LINLOGS function allows the headcount for each month to be interpolated in linear increments (12 in this case) that are consistent with an arbitrary, user-defined range of specified year-end figures.]:Œ]#€€¦)€‚‚’The essential advantage of all the Compete! "S" functions (LINLINS, LINLOGS, and LOGLOGS) is that they provide an easy approximation of complex mathematical relationships. During the budgeting and planning processes, managers often must build what-if models for product life cycles, project headcount projections, and other economic relationships that also have an up-then-down pattern. Since the mathematical relationships that model this kind of behavior are too complex for most users to define, static, less realistic assumptions are typically used. Sensitivity analysis is then impossible or must be performed manually. With Compete!, however, you can specify the known points and then use the "S" function that best describes the expected trend to plot the appropriate line between each pair of known data points.Š]@R€€¦)€‚€€‚€€€‚€€€€‚’Examples: In sales force management, it is commonly believed that results vary with sales "push" (i.e., changes in salesperson coverage). Experience at the Acme Widgits company shows that there is a diminishing benefit to inc};Ś>.-reased levels of push. For example, the view displayed below shows the frequency of calls and the average order size by region for one sales team at Acme Widgits:North.Weeks Btw Calls equals 6South.Weeks Btw Calls equals 8ZāZxĀ€€¦)€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€‚‚€€‚’East.Weeks Btw Calls equals 10West.Weeks Btw Calls equals 12North.Avg Order Size equals 1408.73South.Avg Order Size equals 1277.76East.Avg Order Size equals 1056West.Avg Order Size equals 800If the sales manager at Acme Widgits wants to know what the average order size would be if Team 1 called on customers every nine weeks, then: LINLOGS(North.Avg Order Size:West.Avg Order Size, North.Weeks Btw Calls:West.Weeks Btw Calls,9) equals 1161.6.`Z`AT€€¦)€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚€įŲ‰‚įŻ‰‚’If the sales manager wants to know what average order sizes would be if Team 1 called on customers every seven weeks, then:LINLOGS(North.Avg Order Size:West.Avg Order Size, North.Weeks Btw Calls:West.Weeks Btw Calls,7) equals 1341.648. Related function:The LINLINS function calculates a line between each pair of known data points on a linear scale and returns a new y-value on the line.LOGLOGS calculates an exponential curve between each pair of known data points on a logarithmic scale and returns a y-value on the curve.<`<("€€¦)°į”€‰’Lookup Functions%<%!ŁŪLN()8%8)$€€¦)°€€‚€ ’LN(number))8)&€€’MR‚†€ ‚’#Ü)/G`€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€€€‚‚€€€€‚’Purpose: The LN function returns the natural logarithm of the number specified by the argument. Natural logarithms are the logarithms based on the constant e (which is equal to 2.7182818).Arguments: number A number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains aIFrFģEny of these. Number must be positive.Results: The number that represents the power to which the constant e must be raised to equal number.$Ę/$^Ž€€¦)€‚€€€€‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚€€‚’Use: LN is the inverse of the EXP function, e raised to the power specified by the argument number.Examples:LN(2.7182818) equals 1LN(7.3890561) equals2LN(54) equals 3.988984Since the LN function is the inverse of the EXP function, if the cell A.'1 contains the formula =EXP(3), then:LN(A.'1) equals 3.The LN function used by itself will not accept a range reference as an argument; for example:LN(A.'1:C.'1) equals #VALUE!.ö¶$ö@R€€¦)€‚‚€€‚‚€‚įø€‰‚įŪ‰‚’However, you can use a range reference as an argument to the LN function if the function is used as an argument to another function that accepts range references as arguments, such as:SUM(LN(A.'1:C.'1)) equals SUM(LN(A.'1),LN(B.'1),LN(C.'1)).Related function:EXP returns the value of the constant e (which is equal to 2.7182818), raised to the specified power.LOG returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base.BöB("€€¦)°į•€‰’Mathematical Functions&B&! ŚÜLOG()@&@)$€€¦)°€€‚€’LOG(number,[base])-@-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’Uõ-U`’€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€€€‚€€€€€€‚‚€€€€€€‚’Purpose: The LOG function calculates the logarithm of a number to a specified base.Arguments: number A number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these. Number must be positive.base A number that represents the base you want to use to calculate the logarithm of number. If base is omitted, it defaults to 10.Results: The number that represents the power to which base must be raised to equal number.ä†Uš^Ž€€¦)MåOżL€‚€‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚‚€‚€įø‰‚įŚ‰‚į܉‚€’Examples:LOG(10) equals 1LOG(4,2) equals 2LOG(54,2.7182818) equals 3.988984Related function:The EXP function returns the value of the constant e (which is equal to 2.7182818), raised to the power specified by the function's argument.The LN function returns the natural logarithm of a number (the inverse of EXP).LOG10 returns the base 10 logarithm of a number.HšH,*€€¦)°€‚į•€‰’Mathematical Functions(H(!9Ū×LOG10()C(C/0€€¦)°€€ €€‚€’LOG10(number)-C-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’®-dš€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The LOG10 function calculates the base 10 logarithm of a number.Arguments: number A number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these. Number must be positive.Results: The number that represents the power to which 10 must be raised to equal number.Examples:LOG10(10) equals 1LOG10(100) equals 2LOG10(4) equals .060206MM>N€€¦)€‚€‚įø€‰‚įŚ‰‚įŪ‰‚’Related function:EXP returns the value of the constant e (which is equal to 2.7182818), raised to the specified power.The LN function returns the natural logarithm of a number (the inverse of EXP).LOG returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base.BMB("€€¦)°į•€‰’Mathematical Functions* B*!}׎LOGLOGS()T+*T)$€€¦)°€€‚€’LOGLOGS(known_y's,[known_x's],[new_x])-T-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’,ė-8AT€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The LOGLOGS function calculates an exponential curve between each pair of known data points on a logarithmic curve and determines a new y-value for the new x-value specified by thŌVWVVe argument.Arguments: known_y's A reference to the vector that contains the known y-values.known_x's A reference to the vector that contains the corresponding known x-values.new_x A number or reference to a cell that contains the x-value that corresponds to the y-value you are seeking.}(8}U|€€¦)€‚€€€€€€€€‚‚€€€€€€€€‚’The arguments known_y's and known_x's must both be vectors (a range with a height, width, or depth of one cell). A vector reference can refer to either a row, column, or cylinder (a one-dimensional range that extends into the depth of the model) of data, however; the rows, columns, or cylinders of data specified as known_y's and known_x's must contain the same number of cells.Results: The number that represents the y-coordinate on the exponential curve determined by the known_y's and the known_x's that corresponds to new_x. } “ų€€¦)€‚€ €€ €€ €€ €€ €€ €‚‚‚€ €€ €€ €€ €€ €€ €‚€ €€ €€ €€ €€ €€ €‚’The LOGLOGS function uses the formula y=y[i]*(y[i+1]/y[i])^((log2(x/x[i]))/(log2(x[i+1]/x[i]))) to plot a line between each pair of data points on a linear scale.if new_x < x1 LOGLOGS returns y0if x1 < new_x < x2 LOGLOGS returns: y0*(y1 / y0)^(log2(x / x1))/(log(x2 / x1))if x2 < new_x < x3 LOGLOGS returns: y1*(y2 / y1)^(log2(x / x2))/(log(x3 / x2))` lJf€€¦)€‚‚€€€€€€€€€€‚‚€€‚’if new_x > xn LINLOGS returns ynIf the argument known_x's is omitted, it defaults to the vector that contains the values 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 . . . n, and is equal in size to the vector specified by known_y's. If the argument new_x is omitted, it defaults to 0. If any of the numbers in known_y's is negative, LOGLOGS returns the error value #NUM!.Use: The LOGLOGS function is useful for smoothing out staircase-step relationships to better approximate a curve ¶[Ö]VVand to model economic behavior more realistically. Like the LINLINS and LINLOGS functions, LOGLOGS fits a curve between the known data points. The LOGLOGS function, however, fits a different to curve your data. Like the COST function, it can be used to describe any relationship in which a percentage change in the driving variable (e.g., plant capacity, advertising expenses, headcount, etc.) results in a percentage change in the driven variable (e.g, unit costs, selling costs, administrative costs, etc.). You can use the LOGLOGS function to set up a series of separate cost functions that apply only within certain boundaries. For example, unit costs might be expected to decline by 20% as plant capacity doubled, but stop declining beyond the level of capacity at which component duplication begins to occur. ^;l^#€€¦)€‚‚’ The essential advantage of all the Compete! "S" functions (LINLINS, LINLOGS, and LOGLOGS) is that they provide an easy approximation of complex mathematical relationships. During the budgeting and planning processes, managers often must build what-if models for product life cycles, project headcount projections, and other economic relationships that also have an up-then-down pattern. Since the mathematical relationships that model this kind of behavior are too complex for most users to define, static, less realistic assumptions are typically used. Sensitivity analysis is then impossible or must be performed manually. With Compete!, however, you can specify the known points and then use the "S" function that best describes the expected trend to plot the appropriate line between each two of known data points.žÕ^ )$€€¦)€‚€€‚’Examples: The Acme Widgits company finished building a second plant (Plant 2) in 1987 and plans to double capacity at the plant in 1992. Because of the amortization of start-up and capital costs, plant managers expect the unit cost of widgits produced at the plant to be 30% less in 1992. Plant capacity wBc fVVill again be doubled in 1997. That doubling, however, is expected to reduce unit costs by only 10%. After 1997, any additional increase in plant capacity is not expected to reduce unit costs further since the remaining costs will essentially be variable material costs. The view displayed below shows data for unit costs as a function of plant capacity at Plant B of the Acme Widgits company from 1987 to 2002."æ "c˜€€¦)€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚’1987.Unit Cost equals $2.421992.Unit Cost equals $1.691997.Unit Cost equals $1.522002.Unit Cost equals $1.521987.Capacaty equals 2401992.Capacaty equals 4801997.Capacaty equals 9602002.Capacaty equals 1600If you want to calculate the unit cost of widgits produced at Plant B in 1990, when capacity is expected to be 360, then:LOGLOGS('1987.Unit Cost:'2002.Unit Cost,'1987.Capacity:'2002.Capacity,360) equals $1.96. Ė" BV€€¦)€‚‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚įŲ€‰‚’If capacity at the plant is expected to be 570 in 1993, then:LOGLOGS('1987.Unit Cost:'2002.Unit Cost,'1987.Capacity:'2002.Capacity,570) equals $1.65.If capacity at the plant is expected to be 1200 in 1997, then:LOGLOGS('1987.Unit Cost:'2002.Unit Cost,'1987.Capacity:'2002.Capacity, 1200) equals $1.52 Related function:LINLINS calculates a line between each pair of known data points on a linear scale and returns a new y-value on the line.¾– ¾("€€¦)įŁ€‰‚’LINLOGS calculates an exponential curve between each pair of known data points on a semilogarithmic scale and returns a new y-value on the curve.<¾<("€€¦)°į”€‰’Lookup Functions)<)! ŻßLOOKUP()^5)^)$€€¦)°€€‚€’LOOKUP(result_vector,lookup_vector,lookup_value)-^-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’O -[F^€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€€€‚€€€€‚’Purpose: The LOOKUP function finds the specified Zo‡oÓnvalue in a lookup table and returns the result that corresponds to that value.Arguments: result_vector A reference to the vector (a one-dimensional range that has a height, width, or depth of one cell) that contains the results that correspond to each value in lookup_vector.lookup_vector A reference to the vector (a one-dimensional range that has a height, width, or depth of one cell) that contains the values where you want to search for lookup_value.Ļ[?P€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€€€€€‚’lookup_value The value you want to find in the lookup table. This argument can be a number, text, or logical value.The values in result_vector and lookup_vector can be numbers, text, or logical values. The values in lookup_value must be arranged in ascending order–for example, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, . . . , A-Z, or FALSE and then TRUE–otherwise LOOKUP may not return the correct value from result_vector. Upper- and lower-case text are equivalent.6Õ6a”€€¦)€‚€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€‚‚€€‚’ Results: The value in result_vector that corresponds to the value in lookup_vector that matches lookup_value. If LOOKUP cannot find lookup_value in the range of values defined by lookup_vector, it uses the largest value in lookup_vector that is less than or equal to lookup_value. LOOKUP returns the value in result_vector that corresponds to this value.Use: You can use LOOKUP to retrieve a value, number, or text from a table of results.¶6#a”€€¦)€‚€‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€€€‚’Examples:A.2 to A.5 equals 1.1,2.1,3.1,4.1B.2 to B.5 equals 40000,35000,15000,8000C.2 to C.5 equals Luxury, sport, utility, and basic transport.LOOKUP(B.'2:B.'5,A.'2:A.'5,2.1) equals 35000.LOOKUP(B.'2:B.'5,A.'2:A.'5,2.5) equals 35000.LOOKUP(C.'2:C.'5,A.'2:A.'5,5) equals "basic transport"LOOKUP(C.'2:C.'5,A.'2:A.'5,1) equals #N/A! since 0001 is lesšs&vÓns than the smallest value in the lookup_vector A.'2:A.'5.W#W>N€€¦)€‚€‚į§€‰‚įĉ‚įą‰‚’Related functions:CHOOSE uses an index number to choose a value from the list of items designated by the arguments. INDEX uses an index number to choose a value from a reference.MATCH determines the position of the element in a vector that matches a specified value.AWA("€€¦)°į’€‰’Information Functions(A(!”ŽąLOWER()A(A/0€€¦)°€€ €€‚€’LOWER(text)-A-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’%Ž-%G`€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€€€€€‚’Purpose: The LOWER function converts all upper-case letters in a specified string of text to lower-case letters. Characters in the string of text that are not letters are unchanged.Arguments: text A number, text, or cell reference. If the argument is a string of text, the argument must be enclosed in double quotation marks.Results: The same string of text as is specified by text but with lower-case letters in the place of the upper-case letters in text .ŸI%ŸV~€€¦)€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚įõ€‰‚į‰‚’Examples: LOWER("B") equals "b"LOWER("Price") equals "price"If the cell A.'10 contains the text "TYPE 5", then:LOWER(A.'10) equals "type 5".Related functions:PROPER capitalizes the first letter in each word in the specified string of text.UPPER capitalizes every letter in the specified string of text.:Ÿ:("€€¦)°į˜€‰’Text Functions(:(!Ń ßįMATCH()_6(_)$€€¦)°€€‚€’MATCH(lookup_value,lookup_vector,[type_of_match])-_-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’i)-u@R€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€€€‚’Purpose: The MATCH function finds the value in a vector that matches the specified value, according to a type of match, and returns the position withü~)u~in the range of that matching value.Arguments: lookup_value The value you want to match. This argument can be a number, text, or logical value.lookup_vector A reference to the vector (a one-dimensional range that has a height, width, or depth of one cell) that contains the values where you want to find a match for lookup_value. This vector can contain numbers, text, or logical values.“,u“g €€¦)€€€€€€‚‚€€€€€€€€‚‚€€‚‚€€€€€€‚’type_of_match A number that indicates the type of match you want between lookup_value and one of the values in lookup_vector. Results: A number that indicates the position within lookup_vector of the value that matches lookup_value according to type_of_match.Type_of_match can be any of the following:If Type_of_match is 1 or omitted MATCH finds 'The largest value that is less than or equal to lookup_value' In this case the Lookup_vector must be arranged in ascending order: . . . -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, . . . A-Z, FALSE, TRUE.–A“–U|€€¦)€€€€€€€‚€€€€€€‚‚€€€€‚’If Type_of_match is -1 MATCH finds 'The smallest value that is greater than or equal to lookup_value' In this case the Lookup_vector must be arranged in ascending order: . . . -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, . . . A-Z, FALSE, TRUE.If Type_of_match is 0 MATCH finds 'The first value that is exactly equal to lookup_value' In this case the Lookup_vector can be in any order.Since MATCH is not case-sensitive, upper- and lower-case text are equivalent. If MATCH cannot find lookup_value in the range of values defined by lookup_vector, it returns the error value #N/A.Yē–er¶€€¦)€‚€‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚‚€‚į§€‰‚’Examples:A.2 to A.5 equals 1.1,2.1,3.1,4.1B.2 to B.5 equals 40000,35000,15000,8000C.2 to C.5 equals Luxury, sport, utility, and basic transport.In the view shown above:MATCH(2.1,A.1„Ē†u~'2:A.'5) equals 2.MATCH(2.5,A.'2:A.'5,-1) equals 3.MATCH(5,A.'2:A.'5) equals #N/AMATCH("luxury",C.'2:C.'5) equals 1MATCH("LUXURy",C.'2:C.'5) equals 1Related functions:CHOOSE uses an index number to choose a value from the list of items designated by the arguments. ŽÆeŽ/0€€¦)įĀ‰‚įŽ‰‚’INDEX uses an index number to choose a value from a reference.LOOKUP finds the specified value in a lookup table and returns the result that corresponds to that value.<Ž<("€€¦)°į”€‰’Lookup Functions&<&!ąāMAX()[&&[5<€€¦)°€€ €€ €€‚€’MAX(number1,[number2], . . .)Ī[9D€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€€€‚‚‚’Purpose: The MAX function returns the largest value in the list of values specified by the arguments.Arguments: number A number, logical value, text representation of a number, or a reference to a cell or range.The MAX function can have from 1 to 40 arguments. Arguments that are error values or text that cannot be translated into numbers cause errors. If the argument is a range, empty cells, logical values, text, or error values are ignored.ĘiĘ]Œ€€¦)€‚€€€‚€‚€‚€€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚€į扂’Results: The largest number in the list of values or range specified by the arguments.Examples:MAX(10,9,8) equals 10MAX("11",4,8) equals 11If the range A.'1:C.2 contains the numbers 3, 15, 4, 9, 13, 17, then:MAX(A.'1:C.2) equals 17.Related functions: MIN returns the smallest value in the list of values specified by the arguments.AĘA("€€¦)°į—€‰’Statistical Functions&A&!„įćMID()Y0&Y)$€€¦)°€€‚€’MID(text,start_number,number_of_characters)ČY>N€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The MID function extracts the specified number of characters from a string of text starting at thūŽTՎe specified location in the string.Arguments: text A number, text, or a cell reference. If the argument is a string of text, the argument must be enclosed in double quotation marks.start_number The number of the character in the string of text where you want to begin extracting text. The first character in the string is numbered 1.JėJ_€€¦)€€€€‚‚€€€€€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚’number_of_characters The number of characters you want to extract from the string of text specified by text. This argument must be greater than zero. Results: A string of text that is the length specified by number_of_characters and is extracted from the location in text specified by start_number.If Start_number is greater than the length of text, MID returns "" ( the empty text)If Start_number is less than the length of text, MID returns "" ( the empty text)§Jo°€€¦)€€€€€€€€€€€€€‚€€€€‚€‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚’If Start_number is less than the length of text, but start_number plus number_of_characters exceeds the length of text ,MID returns The characters up to the end of text.If Start_number is less than 1 or Number_of_characters is negative MID returns the error value #VALUE!Examples:MID("Edwin Moore",3,3) equals "win"MID("Edwin Moore",7,10) equals "Moore"MID("WXYZ",5,5) equals "", empty textYY@R€€¦)€‚‚€€‚‚€‚įӀ‰‚įū‰‚’If the cell C.'10 contains "Average Daily Price", then:MID(C.'10,9,5) equals "Daily"Related functions:LEFT extracts the specified number of leftmost characters from a string of text.RIGHT extracts the specified number of rightmost characters from a string of text.:Y:("€€¦)°į˜€‰’Text Functions&:&!’āäMIN()[&&[5<€€¦)°€€ €€ €€‚€’MIN(number1,[number2], . . .)Ī[6>€€¦)€‚€‚‚—Ś—Y—€€€€‚‚‚’Purpose: The MIN function returns the smallest value in the list of values specified by the arguments.Arguments: number A number, logical value, text representation of a number, or a reference to a cell or range.The MIN function can have from 1 to 40 arguments. Arguments that are error values or text that cannot be translated into numbers cause errors. If the argument is a range, empty cells, logical values, text, or error values are ignored.ĄdĄ\Š€€¦)€‚€€€‚€‚€‚€€€‚€€‚‚€€‚‚€‚įį€‰‚’Results: The smallest number in the list of values or range specified by the arguments.Examples:MIN(10,9,8) equals 8MIN(11,"4",8) equals 4If the range A.'1:C.2 contains the numbers 3, 15, 4, 9, 13, 17, then:MIN(A.'1:C.2) equals 3.Related functions:MAX returns the largest value in the list of values specified by the arguments.AĄA("€€¦)°į—€‰’Statistical Functions)A)!īćåMINUTE()K)K/0€€¦)°€ą‰€‚€’MINUTE(serial_number)-K-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’2ń-2AT€€¦)€€ą‰‚‚€€€€ą‰‚‚‚’Purpose: The MINUTE function returns the minute portion of a serial date/time number.Arguments: serial_number A serial date/time value, a time function, or a reference to a cell that contains either a time function or a serial date/time value.The argument can be given as text, such as "13:25:00" or "6:50:20 p.m.", instead of a number. Compete! automatically converts the text to the corresponding serial time number. A text argument must be enclosed in double quotation marks. ˜2j¦€€¦)€‚€€ą‰‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚į€‰ą‰‚’Results: The value of the minute specified by the serial date/time value. The minute is given as an integer, ranging from 0 to 59.Examples:MINUTE("4:05 AM") equals 5MINUTE(32904.8) equals 12MINUTE("Œœ¾žė›3:00:40 PM) equals 0If the cell B.'4 contains the function TIME(14,10,15), thenMINUTE(B.'4) equals 10.Related Functions:WEEKDAY converts a serial number to a day of the week.Ź[Źo°€€¦)į±€‰ą‰‚įē‰ą‰‚į‰ą‰‚įĀ‰ą‰‚įž‰ą‰‚įė‰ą‰‚’DAY converts a serial number to a day of the month.MONTH converts a serial number to a month of the year.YEAR converts a serial number to a year.HOUR converts a serial number to an hour of the day.SECOND converts a serial number to a second. NOW returns the serial number corresponding to the current date and time.CŹC("€€¦)°į€‰’Date and Time Functions'C'!„äęMIRR()U,'U)$€€¦)°€€‚€’MIRR(values,finance_rate,reinvest_rate)Ģ•UĢ7@€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€€€‚’Purpose: The MIRR function calculates the modified internal rate of return for an investment that generates an uneven stream of periodic payments. MIRR is similar to IRR, but takes into account the cost of the money you will borrow to finance the investment and the interest received on cash generated by the investment that will be reinvested.Arguments: values A reference to a vector that contains numbers. These numbers represent a series of payments (negative values) and income (positive values) occurring at regular periods. There must be at least one positive value and one negative value in order to calculate the internal rate of return.ŠŽĢÜBV€€¦)€€‚€€‚‚€€‚‚€€€€‚’finance_rate A value that represents your estimate for what the rate will be.reinvest_rate A value that represents the interest rate received on the reinvestment of cash. MIRR uses the order of values to interpret the order of cash flows. Be sure to enter your payment and income values in the correct sequence.Also, the values argument must be a vector (a range with a height, width, or depth of oU£!¦Ł¢ne cell). A vector reference can refer to either a row, column, or cylinder (a one-dimensional range that extends into the depth of the model) of data. Text, logical, and empty cell values in the vector specified by values are ignored.4ūÜ49D€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€‚‚€€‚’Results: The interest rate per period of an investment or loan. The rate of return calculated by MIRR is the interest rate corresponding to a "zero" net present value.If values does not contain at least one positive value and one negative value, MIRR returns the error value #DIV!.Use: The MIRR function is useful for calculating the internal rate of return on an investment when you want to take into consideration the cost of financing the investment and the reinvestment of cash generated.Z/4Z+(€€¦)€‚‚‚€€‚’The internal rate of return is the interest rate received for an investment consisting of payments (negative values) and income (positive values) that occur at regular periods.Examples: Imagine you own a bookstore and you have just completed your fifth year of operation. When you started the business, you borrowed $200,000 at 11% annual interest to purchase stock and rent space. Your net income during the first five years was $45,000, $42,000, $50,000, $53,000, and $60,000. During these years you reinvested your profits, earning 12% annually.ĖZOp€€¦)€‚‚‚€€€€‚‚‚€€€€‚‚‚€€€€‚’To calculate the investment's modified rate of return after five years, use:MIRR(Income.'1984:Income.'1989,11%,12%) equals 0.0929 equals 9.29%.To calculate the modified rate of return after three years, use:MIRR(Income.'1984:Income.'1987,11%,12%) equals -0.0845 equals -8.45%.To calculate the five-year modified rate of return based on a reinvestment rate of 14%, use:MIRR(Income.'1984:Income.'1989,11%,14%) equals 0.1010 equals 10.1%.m/y>N€€¦)€‚€‚įĒ€‰‚įķ‰‚įų‰‚’Related functions:IRR ‹­„ÆŁ¢gives the internal rate of return without considering financing costs or reinvestment gains.NPV returns the net present value of an investment based on uneven periodic cash flows.RATE returns the interest rate for an investment based on constant periodic cash flows.?y?("€€¦)°į€‰’Financial Functions&?&!JåēMOD()H&H)$€€¦)°€€‚€’MOD(number,divisor_number)-H-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’ąf-ązʀ€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€€€‚‚€€€€€€‚‚€€€€€€€€€€€€‚’Purpose: The MOD function calculates the remainder from the division of the arguments.Arguments: number A number, formula, or cell reference that is to be used as the dividend in the division operation.divisor_number The number, formula, or cell reference by which you want to divide number.Results: The remainder that results from dividing number by divisor_number.If number is smaller than the divisor_number, then MOD returns number. If number is exactly divisible by the divisor_number, then MOD returns 0. If the divisor_number is 0, MOD returns the error value #DIV/0!.$ąi¤€€¦)€‚€‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚‚€‚įŀ‰‚įü‰‚į‰‚’Examples:MOD(10,3) equals 1MOD(4,8) equals 4MOD(20,5) equals 0MOD(-5,2) equals 1MOD(5,-2) equals -1Related functions:INT rounds a number down to the nearest integer.ROUND rounds a number to a specified number of digits.TRUNC truncates a number to an integer.BB("€€¦)°į•€‰’Mathematical Functions(B(!ęčMONTH()J(J/0€€¦)°€ą‰€‚€’MONTH(serial_number)-J-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’1š-=AT€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€ą‰ą‰‚‚‚’Purpose: The MONTH function returns the month of the year that corresponds to a serial date number.Arguments: seri·F·§¶al_number A serial date value, a date function, or a reference to a cell that contains either a date function or a serial date value.The argument can be given as text, such as "3/15/90" or "3-Mar-90", instead of a number. Compete! automatically converts the text to the corresponding serial date number. A text argument must be enclosed in double quotation marks. ,Ž=,Nn€€¦)€‚€€‚‚ą€‰‚‚€‚€€€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚’Results: The value of the month specified by the serial date value. This will be a value between 1 and 12, with 1 representing January and 12 representing December.If serial_number is a decimal number, MONTH ignores the numbers to the right of the decimal point which represent time.Examples:MONTH("5/23/90") equals 5The serial date for March 31, 1990 is 32904; therefore:MONTH(32904) equals 3.If the cell B.'4 contains the function DATE(90,1,15), thenEŗ,E‹耀¦)€€€‚‚€‚į€‰ą‰‚į±‰ą‰‚į‰ą‰‚įĀ‰ą‰‚į䉱‰‚įž‰ą‰‚įė‰ą‰‚’MONTH(B.'4) equals 1.Related Functions:WEEKDAY converts a serial number to a day of the week.DAY converts a serial number to a day of the month.YEAR converts a serial number to a year.HOUR converts a serial number to an hour of the day.MINUTE converts a serial number to a minute.SECOND converts a serial number to a second. NOW returns the serial number corresponding to the current date and time.CEC("€€¦)°į€‰’Date and Time Functions$C$! ēéN()6 $6)$€€¦)°€€‚€’N(value)—:6£]Œ€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚’Purpose: The N function translates the argument into a number.Arguments: value A number, text, logical value, or cell reference.Results: N translates values as follows:If value is a number N returns that number.If value is the logical value TRUE N return[¾‘¾7¾ 1,if value is an error value N returns that error value otherwiseN returns 0.Use: It is not generally necessary to use the N function in a formula, since Compete! automatically translates values as necessary. This function is provided for compatibility with other worksheet programs. Ģo£Ģ]Œ€€¦)€‚€‚€€€‚€€‚‚€€‚‚€€‚‚€‚į„€‰‚į ‰‚’Examples:N(7) equals 7N("7") equals 0, because "7" is textIf the cell A.'1 contains the logical value TRUE, then:N(A.'1) equals 1.If the cell B.'1 contains the text value "4/17/90", then:N(B.'1) equals 0.Related functions:CELL returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell.T translates its argument into text.AĢA("€€¦)°į’€‰’Information Functions%A%!čźNA()3 %3)$€€¦)°€€‚€’NA( )Ł3@R€€¦)€‚€‚‚€€‚‚€€‚‚€€‚‚‚’Purpose: The NA function returns the error value #N/A, which indicates that no value is available.Arguments: Although the NA function has no arguments, you must include the empty parentheses with the function name.Results: The error value #N/A.Use: The NA function is provided for compatibility with other worksheet programs. If you prefer, you can also type the value #N/A directly into a cell.NA can serve as a placeholder function by marking empty cells. By entering #N/A in cells where information is missing, you can avoid the problem of unintentionally including empty cells in your calculations. All formulas that refer to a cell containing the error value #N/A will also return the error value #N/A.R"R02€€¦)€‚€‚€€€‚’Example:NA() equals #N/A.ARA("€€¦)°į’€‰’Information Functions&A&!]éėNOT():&:)$€€¦)°€€‚€’NOT(logical)M :YBV€€¦)€‚€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€€‚€’Purpose: The NOT functkĒ„ĒEĒion reverses the value of the logical value specified by the argument.Arguments: logical A logical value (TRUE or FALSE), a formula, a conditional test, or a reference to a cell that contains a logical value.Use: The NOT function is used for more complex conditional testing in your models. This function works in conjunction with the simple operators =,>,<,>=, <=, and <> and with the functions IF, AND, and OR. Together, you can use these functions to develop compound conditions.<ŽY<^Ž€€¦)€‚€€€€€€‚‚€‚‚€€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚€€‚‚‚’Results: The logical value TRUE if value is false, and FALSE if value is true.If there are no logical values specified, the function returns the error value #VALUE!. Examples:NOT(TRUE()) equals FALSENOT(1+1=3) equals TRUEIf the range B.'1:B.'4 contains the values TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, and FALSE, then:NOT( B.'1) equals FALSE.NOT(B.'4) equals TRUE.If the cell Units.'1989 contains the number 425 and the cell Units.'1990 contains the number 500, then:+ę<+E\€€¦)€€€‚€€‚‚€‚įŸ€‰‚įš‰‚’NOT(Units.'1989>400) equals FALSE.NOT(Units.'1989>Units.'1990) equals TRUE.Related Functions:AND returns the logical value TRUE if all arguments are true.OR returns the logical value TRUE if any argument is true.=+=("€€¦)°į“€‰’Logical Functions&=&!éźģNOW()4 &4)$€€¦)°€€‚€’NOW( )-4-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’Ź-E\€€¦)€€‚‚€€‚‚€€ą‰‚‚‚€‚€‚’Purpose: The NOW function returns the current date and time, according to your computer's built-in clock.Arguments: Because the NOW function has no arguments, you must include the empty parentheses with the function name.Results: A serial value that includes both an integer (the date) and a fraction (the time).The Compete! date format m/d/y h:mm displays both the date and time portionüĶ)Ī¢Ķs of the NOW result.Use: Values calculated with the NOW function change only when the model is calculated. The NOW function does not update continuously. When the Automatic Calculation option is turned on, the model is calculated every time you enter a new value or formula. When the Manual Calculation option is turned on, the model is calculated only when you chose the Options Calculate Now command. To change the calculation setting, select Options Calculation; unless the calculation setting is changed, the Automatic Calculation option is turned on. Ŗu¼€€¦)€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚į€‰ą‰‚į±‰ą‰‚įē‰ą‰‚į‰ą‰‚’Examples: If your computer clock is correctly adjusted and it is 2:46:15 p.m. on February 23, 1990, then:NOW() equals 32927.6155.Six minutes later:NOW() equals 32927.6196.Related Functions:WEEKDAY converts a serial number to a day of the week.DAY converts a serial number to a day of the month.MONTH converts a serial number to a month of the year.YEAR converts a serial number to a year.ååHb€€¦)įĀ€‰ą‰‚į䉱‰‚įž‰ą‰‚’HOUR converts a serial number to an hour of the day.MINUTE converts a serial number to a minute.SECOND converts a serial number to a second.CåC("€€¦)°į€‰’Date and Time Functions'C'!ų ėķNPER()K"'K)$€€¦)°€€‚€’NPER(rate,pmt,pv,[fv],[type])-K-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’8š-DHb€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The NPER function calculates the number of periods that will be required to amortize a loan, given a specified periodic payment.Arguments: rate The interest rate per period.pmt The periodic investment, or the payment made each period.pv The present value, or the lump-sum amount that the series of payments to be paid in the future is worth right now.fv The future value, żÕ*Ö‹Õor a cash balance you want to be attained sometime in the future after the last payment is made./ĻD/`’€€¦)€€€€€€‚‚€€€€€€€€‚‚€€‚€€€€‚’type A value that indicates to Compete! whether the payments are received at the beginning (type is 1) or at the end (type is 0) of each period.The arguments rate, pmt, pv, and fv can be a number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or a reference to a cell that contains any of these.Results: The number of periods it will take to amortize a loan.If the fv and type arguments are omitted, they default to 0.Ļ/Pr€€¦)€į‘€‰‚‚€€‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚’For more information on the formula that NPER uses to calculate the number of periods it will take to amortize a loan, see the topic Annuity FunctionsIUse: The NPER function is used to find the length of time necessary to accumulate a specific amount of money when the amount of the periodic payments and interest rate are known.Examples:NPER(13%/12,-75,-750,7500,1) equals 59NPER(1%,-100,-1000,10000) equals 60NPER(13%,-100,2000) equals 19 Ķ Sx€€¦)€‚€‚į¤€‰‚į扂įʉ‚įó‰‚įņ‰‚įö‰‚’Related functions:CAGR calculates the value that results when a specified value is increased at a periodic rate, for a specific number of periods.FV returns the future value of an investment.IPMT returns the interest payment for an investment for a given period.PPMT returns the principal payment for an investment for a given period.PMT returns the periodic total payment for an investment.PV returns the present value of an investment.h@ h("€€¦)įų€‰‚’RATE returns the interest rate per period of an investment.?h?("€€¦)°į€‰’Financial Functions&?&!x ģīNPV()N%&c)$€€¦)°€€‚€’NPV(rate,value1,[value2], . . .)XXXXXXXXX©ß ąƒß-c-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’5ļ-5F^€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€€€€€‚’Purpose: The NPV function calculates the net present value of an investment based on a series of periodic, although not necessarily constant, cash flows. NPV also considers the cost of the investment and not just the inflows.Arguments: rate The rate of discount over the length of one period. value The inflows of cash, which must be equally spaced in time and occur at the end of each period. NPV uses the order of value1, value2, . . . to interpret the order of cash flows.V,5V*&€€¦)€‚‚€€‚’NPV can have up to 40 arguments. Arguments that are numbers, empty cells, logical values, or text representations of numbers are counted. Arguments that are error values or text that cannot be translated into numbers are ignored. If an argument is a reference, only numbers in the reference are counted; empty cells, logical values, text, or error values are ignored.Results: A value that indicates the profitability of the specified investment. In general, any investment that yields a net present value greater than 0 is considered profitable.ŽWVŽ7@€€¦)€‚€€€€‚‚€€‚’The NPV investment begins one period before the date of the value1 cash flow, and ends with the last cash flow in the list of arguments. It is important to remember that the NPV calculation is based on future cash flows. If your first cash flow occurs at the beginning of the first period, the first value must be added to the NPV result, not included in the values arguments.Use: Like the PV function, NPV is useful for determining the profitability of an investment. NPV, however, can be used to calculate the profitability of an investment where the stream of cash flows is uneven..ūŽ:38€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚‚€€‚’Examples: Suppose your company built a plant for $5 million and the following income is expected in the first five yearÄäRēƒßs of the plant's operation: $1,150,000, $1,225,000, $1,300,000, $1,375,000, $1,450,000. The annual discount rate is assumed to be 8%; this might represent the rate of inflation, or the interest rate of a competing investment. To determine the net present value of the plant investment and cash flows displayed above, use:NPV(8%,Income.'1990:Income.'1995) equals $133,841.2.Z:ZBV€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚į¤€‰‚’In this example, you include the initial $5 million cost as one of the values, because the payment does not occur at the beginning of the first period.If a fire occurs at the plant during the sixth year and you assume a loss of $500,000, then the net present value of the plant after six years is determined by: NPV(8%,Income.'1990:Income.'1995,-500000) equals -$157,904.Related functions:CAGR calculates the value that results when a specified value is increased at a periodic rate, for a specific number of periods.Ö ZÖ6>€€¦)į怉‚įĒ‰‚įö‰‚’FV returns the future value of an investment.IRR returns the internal rate of return for an investment.PV returns the present value of an investment.?Ö?("€€¦)°į€‰’Financial Functions. ?.! ķļOBJECTINDEX()V-.V)$€€¦)°€€‚€’OBJECTINDEX(dimension_index,[reference])-V-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’šS-¦G`€€¦)€€‚‚€‚€€€‚€€€€€€‚’Purpose: The OBJECTINDEX function uses a dimension index number and a cell reference to return the index of the specified object.Arguments: dimension_index The index number of the dimension that contains the object whose index number you want to know.reference A reference to a cell that is defined by the object whose index number you want to know. For example, if you want to know the index number of the object Sales, reference could be a reference to any Sales cell in the model. If reference is omittķ¬ķūģed, it defaults to reference the cell where the function is entered.6 ¦6,*€€¦)€‚‚€‚€‚‚’ The default dimensions are indexed in the following manner: Dim1 is 1, Dim2 is 2, and Dim3 is 3. If you rename these dimensions, they retain these index numbers. All other dimensions in a model are indexed by order of creation. For example, the fourth dimension added to the model will be indexed 4, the fifth dimension 5, and so on.Results: The index number of the specified object.Objects are numbered from left to right or top to bottom on a displayed dimension. Index numbering for objects begins at 1.Į6BV€€¦)€€€€€‚‚€€€€€€‚’If reference is not specified, it defaults to reference the cell containing the OBJECTINDEX function itself. If you use an index number for dimension_index that is greater than the number of dimensions in the model, OBJECTINDEX returns the error value #VALUE!.Examples: In a model , Dim1 has been renamed PRODUCTS, Dim2 FINANCIALS, and Dim3 TIME. There are four objects on the YEARS dimension. They are 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991. ØZ†€€¦)€€€€‚€€€‚‚€€‚€€‚€€‚‚€‚įļ€‰‚’The object of PRODUCTS are Pdt 1, Pdt 2, Pdt 3 and Total Pdt.The object of FINANCIALS are Units, Price, Sales, Total Costs, Net Operating Profits.In the model descriped above:OBJECTINDEX(1,Units.Pdt3.1989) equals 3.OBJECTINDEX(2,Units.Pdt 3.1989) equals 1.OBJECTINDEX(3,Units.Pdt3.1989) equals 2.Related functions:OBJECTNAME uses dimension and object index numbers to return the name of an object./ł/6>€€¦)įŅ€‰‚į³‰‚į“‰‚’LABEL uses the dimension name and a cell reference to return the name of an object.DIMENSION uses the dimension name to return the index number of a dimension. DIMENSIONNAME uses a dimension index number to return the name of a dimension.</P("€€¦)°į”€‰’Lookup FunctionsXXXXXXXX¼÷ ų ų- P-!•īšOBJECTNAME()V--V)$€€¦)°€€‚€’OBJECTNAME(dimension_index,object_index)-V-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’x"-xV~€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚‚€€‚‚€€€€€€‚’Purpose: The OBJECTNAME function uses dimension and object index numbers to return the name of the specified object as text.Arguments: dimension_index The index number of the dimension that contains the object whose name you want returned.object_index The index number of the object whose name you want returned. Results: An object name as text. Examples: In a model , Dim1 has been renamed PRODUCTS, Dim2 FINANCIALS, and Dim3 TIME. There are four objects on the YEARS dimension. They are 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991. §x[ˆ€€¦)€€€€‚€€€‚‚‚€€‚€€‚€€‚‚€‚įī€‰‚’The object of PRODUCTS are Pdt 1, Pdt 2, Pdt 3 and Total Pdt.The object of FINANCIALS are Units, Price, Sales, Total Costs, Net Operating Profits.In the model descriped above:OBJECTNAME(1,1) equals "Pdt 1".OBJECTNAME(2,4) equals "Total Costs".OBJECTNAME(3,2) equals "1989".Related functions:OBJECTINDEX uses a dimension index number and a cell reference to return the index number of an object./ł/6>€€¦)įŅ€‰‚į³‰‚į“‰‚’LABEL uses the dimension name and a cell reference to return the name of an object.DIMENSION uses the dimension name to return the index number of a dimension. DIMENSIONNAME uses a dimension index number to return the name of a dimension.</<("€€¦)°į”€‰’Lookup Functions%<%!öļńOR()L#%L)$€€¦)°€€‚€’OR(logical1,[logical2], . . .)&šL26>€€¦)€‚€‚‚€€€€‚‚‚’Purpose: The OR function determines if any of the values specified by the arguments is true.Arguments: logical A logical value (TRUE or FALSE), a formula, a conditional test, Ęž’”žor a reference to a cell or range that contains a logical value.The OR function can have from 1 to 40 arguments. Arguments that are empty cells, error values, or text that cannot be translated into logical values cause errors. In a reference argument, however, all values except logical values are ignored.h22h6>€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚‚€€€‚’Results: The logical value TRUE if any of the values specified by the arguments are TRUE. If all of the values specified by the arguments are FALSE, OR returns the logical value FALSE.If there are no logical values specified, the function returns the error value #VALUE!. Use: The OR function is used for more complex conditional testing in your models. This function works in conjunction with the simple operators =,>,<,>=, <=, and <> and with the functions IF, AND, and NOT. Together, you can use these functions to develop compound conditions.?Üh?c˜€€¦)€‚‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚€€‚€€‚‚€‚įŸ€‰‚’Examples:OR(TRUE(),TRUE(),FALSE()) equals TRUEOR(FALSE(),FALSE()) equals FALSEOR(1+2=3,1+1=20) equals TRUEIf the range B.'1:B.'4 contains the values TRUE, FALSE, FALSE, and FALSE, then:OR( B.'1:B.'4) equals TRUE.If the cell Units.'1989 contains the number 425, then:OR(Units.'1989>400,Units.'1989<410) equals TRUE.OR(Units.'1989>500,Units.'1989<410) equals FALSE.Related functions:AND returns the logical value TRUE if all arguments are true.oG?o("€€¦)įź€‰‚’NOT returns the logical value that is the reverse of its argument.=o=("€€¦)°į“€‰’Logical Functions%=%!)šņPI().%.&€€¦)°€‚€’PI()-.-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’©- W€€€¦)€€€ €‚‚€€‚‚€€€ €‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The PI function returns the number 3.14159265, the value of the constant p.Arguments: Although the PI function has no arguments,ź— you must include the empty parentheses with the function name so that Compete! recognizes it as a function.Results: The number 3.14159265, which is the value of the constant p, accurate to 8 decimal places.Examples:PI() equals 3.14159265PI()/3 equals1.04719755[. [-,€€¦)€€€‚‚€‚’COS(PI()/3) equals 1Related functions:B[B("€€¦)°į•€‰’Mathematical Functions&B&!ƒ ńóPMT()K"&K)$€€¦)°€€‚€’PMT(rate,nper,pv,[fv],[type])-K-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’)ē-)BV€€¦)€‚€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The PMT function calculates the periodic payment required to amortize a loan given a specific number of periods and a constant interest rate. PMT is an annuity function.Arguments: rate The interest rate per period.nper The total number of payment periods in the annuity or the term of the loan.pv The present value, or the lump-sum amount that the series of payments to be paid in the future is worth right now (in this case, the principal amount of the loan).Ä)Qt€€¦)€€‚€€€€€€‚€€€€€€€€‚’fv The future value, or a cash balance, you want to be attained sometime in the future after the last payment is made.type A value that indicates to Compete! whether the payments are received at the beginning (type is 1) or at the end (type is 0) of each period.The arguments rate, nper, pv, and fv can be a number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or a reference to a cell that contains any of these.o{Tz€€¦)€‚€€€€€€‚€€€€‚į‘€‰‚‚€€‚’Results: The amount of the constant periodic payments needed to amortize the loan specified by pv in the given period of time, nper.If the fv and type arguments are omitted, they default to 0.For more information on the formula that PMT uses to calculate the‡ œĄ  amount of the periodic payments, see the topic Annuity FunctionsUse: The PMT function can be used to determine the amount of the periodic payment required to accumulate a specified amount of money when the interest rate and the number of payments are known.)į{)Hb€€¦)€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚į¤€‰‚’Examples: The following PMT function finds the monthly payment due to repay a five-year $10,000 loan at 13% annual interest:PMT(13%/12,60,10000) equals -$227.53.If you plan to save $10,000 over the next five years by making monthly deposits to your savings account, then:PMT(5.25%/12,60,0,10000,1) equals -$145.47.Related functions:CAGR calculates the value that results when a specified value is increased at a periodic rate, for a specific number of periods.Äy)ÄKh€€¦)į怉‚įʉ‚įģ‰‚įó‰‚įö‰‚įų‰‚’FV returns the future value of an investment.IPMT returns the interest payment for an investment for a given period.NPER returns the number of periods (payments) for an investment.PPMT returns the principal payment for an investment for a given period.PV returns the present value of an investment.RATE returns the interest rate per period of an investment.?Ä?("€€¦)°į€‰’Financial Functions'?'!¦ ņōPPMT()P''P)$€€¦)°€€‚€’PPMT(rate,per,nper,pv,[fv],[type])-P-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’U-aU|€€¦)€‚€‚‚€€€€‚€€€€€€‚€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The PPMT function calculates the payment on principal for the specified period during the amortization of a loan given periodic constant payments and a constant interest rate.Arguments: rate The interest rate per period.per A number that specifies the period. Per must be a number in the range 1 to nper.nper The total number of payment periods in the annuity. pv The present value, or the lump-sum amount that the serieŗēCs of payments to be paid in the future is worth right now.#Ėa#X‚€€¦)€€‚€€€€€€‚‚€€€€€€€€€€‚’fv The future value, or a cash balance you want to be attained sometime in the future after the last payment is made.type A value that indicates to Compete! whether the payments are received at the beginning (type is 1) or at the end (type is 0) of each period.The arguments rate, per, nper, pv, and fv can be a number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or a reference to a cell that contains any of these.K#KId€€¦)€‚€€‚€€€€‚‚į‘€‰‚‚€€‚’Results: The amount of the periodic payment for the specified period that goes toward paying the principal on the loan.If the fv and type arguments are omitted, they default to 0.For more information on the formula that PPMT uses to calculate the principal portion of the specified payment, see the topic Annuity Functions.Use: The PPMT function is used to determine the principal portion of the total periodic payment when the period, interest rate, and the total number of payments are known.3ėK3Hb€€¦)€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚į¤€‰‚’Examples: The following PPMT function finds the amount of principal repaid in the first month of a five-year $10,000 loan at 13% annual interest:PPMT(.13/12,1,60,10000) equals -$119.20.The principal repaid in the last yearly period of a twenty-year $150,000 loan at 11% interest is:PPMT(11%,20,20,150000) equals -$16,969.70.Related functions:CAGR calculates the value that results when a specified value is increased at a periodic rate, for a specific number of periods.µj3ĮKh€€¦)į怉‚įģ‰‚įʉ‚įņ‰‚įö‰‚įų‰‚’FV returns the future value of an investment.NPER returns the number of periods (payments) for an investment.IPMT returns the interest payment for an investment for a given period.PMT returns ¶éCthe periodic total payment for an investment.PV returns the present value of an investment.RATE returns the interest rate per period of an investment.?Į?("€€¦)°į€‰’Financial Functions* ?*!µóõPRODUCT()_**_5<€€¦)°€€ €€ €€‚€’PRODUCT(number1,[number2] . . . )-_-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’p;-p5<€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚‚‚’Purpose: The PRODUCT function multiplies all numbers specified by the arguments and calculates the product.Arguments: number A number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains either of these.The PRODUCT function can have from 1 to 40 arguments. Arguments that are text representations of a number, logical values or empty cells are ignored, while arguments that are error values or text that cannot be translated into numbers cause errors. In a reference argument, text, logical values, error values, and empty cells are ignored.NłpNU|€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚‚€‚į€‰‚į»‰‚’ Results: A number that is the product of all numbers specified by the arguments.Examples:PRODUCT(3,2,1) equals 6PRODUCT(3,SUM(5,5)) equals 30Related functions:SUM adds its arguments.FACT returns the factorial of a number.ANA("€€¦)°į—€‰’Statistical Functions)A)!ŃōöPROPER()>)>,*€€¦)°€€ €‚€’PROPER(text)->-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’Ż-*AT€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€€€‚’Purpose: The PROPER function capitalizes the first letter in each word in the specified string of text and converts all other letters to lower-case.Arguments: text A number, text, or cell reference. If the argument is a string of text, the argument must be enclosed in double quotation marks.Results: The same string of text as is specified by text but with the first letter of each&2&ž% word in the string capitalized and all other letters converted to lower-case.Ł|*Ł]Œ€€¦)€‚€‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚€į߉‚į‰‚’Examples:PROPER("b") equals "B"PROPER("this is a TITLE") equals "This Is A Title"PROPER("89sales") equals "89Sales"If the cell A.'10 contains the text "TYPE 5", then:PROPER(A.'10) equals "Type 5".Related functions: LOWER converts any upper-case letters in a string of text to lower-case.UPPER capitalizes every letter in the specified string of text.:Ł:("€€¦)°į˜€‰’Text Functions%:%!‘ õ÷PV()K"%K)$€€¦)°€€‚€’PV(rate,nper,pmt,[fv],[type])-K-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’z--zMl€€¦)€€‚‚‚€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€€€‚’Purpose: The PV function calculates the present value of a series of periodic constant payments or a lump-sum payment. PV is an annuity function.Arguments:rate The interest rate per period.nper The total number of payment periods in the annuity.pmt The periodic investment, or the payment made each period.fv The future value, or a cash balance you want to be attained sometime in the future after the last payment is made. You can use this argument in place of pmt when you want to calculate the present value of a lump-sum payment.=ėz=Rv€€¦)€€€€€€‚€€€€€€€€‚‚€€‚’type A value that indicates to Compete! whether the payments are received at the beginning (type is 1) or at the end (type is 0) of each period.The arguments rate, nper, pmt, and fv can be a number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or a reference to a cell that contains any of these.Results: The present value of a series of payments or a lump-sum payment in the future, the opposite of future value ( see function specifications for FV).p(=|Hb€€¦)€€€€€‚į‘€‰‚‚€€†-Ć/o*‚‚€€‚’If the fv and type arguments are omitted, they default to 0.For more information on the formula that PV uses to calculate the present value of an investment, see the topic Annuity Functions.Use: The PV function is useful for measuring the attractiveness of an investment. The present value of an investment is the amount of money you are willing to expend today to receive another amount in the future.Examples: Suppose you have an opportunity to buy a life insurance annuity for $70,000 that will pay $600 a month for the next 20 years. Is it worth paying $70,000 today to earn $600 over the next 20 years assuming the money you pay out will earn 7% compounded annually? To evaluate this investment, you must determine the present value of the stream of $600 payments you will receive.Š|14€€¦)€‚‚€€‚‚‚‚€‚’If you use the PV function to determine the present value of the annuity, then:PV(7%/12,12*20,,600,,0) equals -$77,3389.50.The result is negative because it represents the money that you would have to pay today to receive a stream of payments over 20 years at $600 per month. Since you would have to pay more than the $70,000 the life insurance company is asking to receive the same benefits, the annuity is an acceptable investment.Related functions:ÉKh€€¦)į¤€‰‚į扂įģ‰‚įʉ‚įó‰‚įņ‰‚’CAGR calculates the value that results when a specified value is increased at a periodic rate, for a specific number of periods.FV returns the future value of an investment.NPER returns the number of periods (payments) for an investment.IPMT returns the interest payment for an investment for a given period.PPMT returns the principal payment for an investment for a given period.PMT returns the periodic total payment for an investment.h@h("€€¦)įų€‰‚’RATE returns the interest rate per period of an investment.?hP("€€¦)°į€‰’Financial FunctionsXXXXX¼7 8 8'P'!öųRAND()0 '0&€€¦)°€‚€’RAND()-0-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’e.-e7@€€¦)€€‚‚€€‚€‚€‚‚‚’Purpose: The RAND function generates a random number between 0 and 1.Arguments: Although the RAND function has no arguments, you must include the empty parentheses with the function.Results: A random number between 0 and 1. This result changes each time you recalculate the model. If you are using automatic recalculation, the value of the RAND function will change each time you make an entry in a model view or sheetIf you want to use RAND to generate a random number, but don't want the numbers to change every time the cell is calculated:é©eé@R€€¦)€‚€ €‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚’1. Type =RAND() in the formula bar.2. Select Options Calculate Now.3. Enter the formula.Or, you can:1. Enter the formula normally.2. Copy the cell.3. Choose Edit Paste Special.4. Select Values.Compete! replaces the formula with the equivalent constant value.Examples: RAND may be used to enter a series of random numbers in a range, or to pick a name or number at random from a range.Related functions:BéB("€€¦)°į•€‰’Mathematical Functions'B'!õ ÷łRATE()S*'S)$€€¦)°€€‚€’RATE(nper,pmt,pv,[fv],[type],[guess])-S-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’d-pHb€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The RATE function calculates the rate of return per period on an investment that generates a constant stream of periodic payments.Arguments: nper The total number of payment periods in the annuity or term of the loan.pmt The periodic investment, or the payment made each period.pv The present value, or the lump-sum amount that the series of payments to be paid in the future is worth right now.fv The future value, or a cash balance you want to be attained sometime in tš=Ē= =he future after the last payment is made.>ßp>_€€¦)€€€€€€‚€€‚€€€€€€€€€€‚‚€€‚’type A value that indicates to Compete! whether the payments are received at the beginning (type is 1) or at the end (type is 0) of each period.guess A value that represents your estimate for what the rate will be.The arguments nper, pmt, pv, fv, and guess can be a number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or a reference to a cell that contains any of these.Results: The interest rate per period of an investment or loan.šN>šLj€€¦)€€€€€€€‚‚€€€€‚į‘€‰‚’If the fv and type arguments are omitted, they default to 0. If the guess argument is omitted, it defaults to 10%.RATE is calculated by iteration, and can have zero or more solutions, If the successive results of RATE do not converge to within 0.0000001 after 20 iterations, RATE returns the error value #NUM!.If RATE does not converge, try different values for guess. Rate usually converges if given a guess between 0 and 1.For more information on the formula that RATE uses to calculate the interest rate per period of an investment, see the topic Annuity Functions.µšMl€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€‚€€€€‚‚€‚į¤€‰‚’Use: The RATE function is useful for calculating the rate of return on an investment.Examples:If an investment costs $5000 and will pay you five $1250 payments, then the annual rate of return on the investment is:RATE(5,1250,5000,) equals .079308 equals 7.93% per year.Related functions:CAGR calculates the value that results when a specified value is increased at a periodic rate, for a specific number of periods.¹tÅE\€€¦)€‚įģ‰‚įʉ‚įó‰‚įņ‰‚įö‰‚’ returns the future value of an investment.NPER returns the number of periods (payments) for an investment.IPMT returns the principal payment for an investment forEG = a given period.PPMT returns the principal payment for an investment for a given period.PMT returns the periodic total payment for an investment.PV returns the present value of an investment.?Å?("€€¦)°į€‰’Financial Functions* ?*!—ųśREPLACE()`7*`)$€€¦)°€€‚€’REPLACE(text,start_num,number_characters,new_text)-`-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’}*-}Sx€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€€€€€‚€€€€‚’Purpose: The REPLACE function removes the specified number of existing characters at the specified location and substitutes new characters within a string of text.Arguments: text The text where you want to make substitutions or a reference to a cell that contains the text you want.start_number The number of the character where you want to begin replacing characters within text. The first character in text is numbered 1.num_characters The number of characters you want to replace beginning at the specified location within text.)Ć})fž€€¦)€€€€‚‚€€‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚‚€‚€į‰‚į‰‚’new_text The new characters you want to substitute for existing text within text.Results: A modified string of text.Examples:REPLACE("Market",5,2,"up") equals "Markup"REPLACE("xyzabc",4,3,"???") equals "xyz???"REPLACE("Sales and Price",1,LEN("Sales and Price"),"*") equals "*"Related functions: SUBSTITUTE substitutes new text for the specified characters in a string of text.TRIM removes spaces from a string of text.:):("€€¦)°į˜€‰’Text Functions':'! łūREPT()E'E)$€€¦)°€€‚€’REPT(text,number_times)-E-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’Ń-+Nn€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚‚€€€€€€‚’Purpose: The REPT function repeats a character or a number of characters the specified number of times.AOEO¬Nrguments: text The text string you want repeated.number_times A number that indicates the number of times you want the text string repeated.Results: A string of repeated characters or groups of characters. If number_times is 0, REPT returns "" (empty text). If number_times is not an integer, it is truncated; for example, 2.34 becomes 2.É+E\€€¦)€‚‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚‚€‚’The result of the REPT function cannot be longer than 255 characters.Examples:REPT("a",3) equals "aaa"REPT("*>",4) equals "*>*>*>*>"REPT("Tim",2.3) equals "TimTim"Related functions:::("€€¦)°į˜€‰’Text Functions(:(!AśüRIGHT()P'(P)$€€¦)°€€‚€’RIGHT(text,[number_of_characters])-P-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’ƒ/-ƒTz€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€€€‚‚€€€€€€‚’Purpose: The RIGHT function extracts the specified number of rightmost characters from a string of text.Arguments: text A number, text, or cell reference. If the argument is a string of text, the argument must be enclosed in double quotation marks.number_of_characters The number of characters you want to extract from the beginning of the string of text specified by text. This argument must be greater than zero. Results: A string of text that is the length specified by number_of_characters and is extracted from the end of text.;ĶƒGn®€€¦)€€€€€€€€€‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚‚‚€€€€‚‚€‚€įӉ‚’If number_of_characters is greater than the length of text, then all of text is returned. If number_of_characters is omitted, it defaults to 1.Examples:RIGHT("Edwin Moore",5) equals "Moore"RIGHT("Edwin Moore") equals "e"If the cell C.'10 contains "Average Price", then:RIGHT(C.'10) equals "e" and RIGHT(C.'10,5) equals "Price"Related functions: LEFT extracts the specified number of leftmost characte]SąUøRrs from a string of text.˜pG˜("€€¦)įā€‰‚’MID extracts the specified number of characters from a string of text at a specific location in the string.:˜:("€€¦)°į˜€‰’Text Functions(:(!ĖūżROUND()I (I)$€€¦)°€€‚€’ROUND(number,num_of_digits)-I-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’²-Nn€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€€€‚‚€€€€‚’Purpose: The ROUND function rounds the number specified by the argument to a specified number of digits.Arguments: number A number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these.num_of_digits A number that indicates to what place you want to round number.Results: A number rounded to the number of digits specified by the argument num_of_digits.”q“€€¦)€€€€€€€‚€€€€€‚€€€€€‚€‚‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚’If num_of_digits is greater than 0, then Number is rounded to the specified number of decimal places.If num_of_digit is 0, then Number is rounded to the left of the decimal place.If num_of_digit is less than 0, then Number is rounded to the left of the decimal place.Examples:ROUND(2345.1367,2) equals 2345.14ROUND(2345.1367,0) equals 2345ROUND(2345.1367,-1) equals 2350ąŸąAT€€¦)€‚€‚įŀ‰‚į‰‚įꉂ€’Related functions:INT rounds a number down to the nearest integer.TRUNC truncates a number to an integer.MOD gives the remainder from division.HąH,*€€¦)°€‚į•€‰’Mathematical Functions)H)!4 üžSEARCH()]4)])$€€¦)°€€‚€’SEARCH(find_text,within_text,[start_at_number])-]-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’Ō-&F^€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€€€€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The SEARCH function finds the specified text within anotJ_w_Ä^her string of text.Arguments: find_text The string of text you want to find within another string of text. If find_text is "", Compete! will match the first character that is searched–in other words, the character indicated by start_at_num. This argument can contain the following wildcard characters: Wildcard ? (Question mark) Meaning: Any single character can occupy the position.ÆL&Æc˜€€¦)€€€€€€€‚€€€€€€€€‚‚‚‚€€€€€€‚’Wildcard *(asterisk) Meaning: Any sequence of characters can occupy position.within_text The string of text in which you are searching for find_text. start_at_number The number of the character in within_text where you want to begin searching for find_text. The first character of within_text is number 1. All arguments that are text values must be enclosed in double quotation marks.Results: A number that indicates the position of the first character in within_text that matches the text specified by find_text. The SEARCH function is not case-sensitive.(ĆÆ(eœ€€¦)€€€€€€€€€‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚’If start_at_num is omitted, the default is 1, and Compete! will begin the search with the first character of within_text. If start_at_num is greater than the length of within_text, then SEARCH returns the error value #VALUE!.Examples:SEARCH("e","Average Price") equals 3SEARCH("e","Average Price",4) equals 7SEARCH("a","Average Price") equals 1SEARCH("a","Average Price",5) equals 5SEARCH("a*e","Average Price") equals 1Č(%Qt€€¦)€€€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚į·€‰‚įŌ‰‚‚’SEARCH("a*e","Average Price",2) equals 5If the cell B.'10 contains the text "Average Price", then:SEARCH("P*",B.'10) equals 9.And, if the cell C.'1 contains the text "Price", then:SEARCH(C.'1,B.'10) equals 9.Related functions:EXACT determines if two text values are identical.LEN returns the LdtfÄ^length of a string of text like SEARCH, finds one text value within another, but is case-sensitive and does not accept wildcard characters%%%"€€¦)€‚’:%:("€€¦)°į˜€‰’Text Functions):)!īż’SECOND()K)K/0€€¦)°€ą‰€‚€’SECOND(serial_number)-K-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’2ń-2AT€€¦)€€ą‰‚‚€€€€ą‰‚‚‚’Purpose: The SECOND function returns the second portion of a serial date/time number.Arguments: serial_number A serial date/time value, a time function, or a reference to a cell that contains either a time function or a serial date/time value.The argument can be given as text, such as "13:25:00" or "6:50:20 p.m.", instead of a number. Compete! automatically converts the text to the corresponding serial time number. A text argument must be enclosed in double quotation marks. –2j¦€€¦)€‚€€ą‰‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚į€‰ą‰‚’Results: The value of the second specified by the serial date/time value.The second is given as an integer, ranging from 0 to 59.Examples:SECOND("4:05 AM") equals 0SECOND(32904.8) equals 0SECOND("3:00:40 PM) equals 40If the cell B.'4 contains the function TIME(14,10,15), thenSECOND(B.'4) equals 15.Related Functions:WEEKDAY converts a serial number to a day of the week.ŲiŲo°€€¦)į±€‰ą‰‚įē‰ą‰‚į‰‚įĀ‰ą‰‚į䉱‰‚įė‰ą‰€€‚’DAY converts a serial number to a day of the month.MONTH converts a serial number to a month of the year.YEAR converts a serial number to a year.HOUR converts a serial number to an hour of the day.MINUTE converts a serial number to a minute. NOW returns the serial number corresponding serial number to the current date and time.CŲC("€€¦)°į€‰’Date and Time Functions(C4!Ģž£oęoęoSHARE()b94b)$€€¦)°€€‚€’SHARE(time1,share1,time2,share2,saturation,new_time)-b-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’'Ó-'Tz€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€‚€€€€‚’Purpose: The SHARE function fits an S-curve in the range 0 to infinity to known data points and determines a new y-value for the new x-value specified by the arguments.Arguments: time1 A value that represents a specific point in time.share1 Market share at time1; this value should be expressed as a percentage.time2 A value that represents a specific point in time.share2 Market share at time2; this value should be expressed as a percentage.7ū'7<J€€¦)€€‚€€‚‚‚‚€€€€‚’saturation The value at which the market becomes saturated–where the S-curve flattens out (approaches positive infinity); this value should be expressed as a percentage.new_time The new time value which corresponds to the share value you want to determine.Each of these arguments can be a number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these.Results: A number that represents the market share which corresponds to new_time.~O7Š/0€€¦)€‚€€€€‚’Use: The SHARE function is particularly useful for modeling behavior, such as market substitution, which follows an S-shaped curve. This function can be used to predict the rate at which new technology, materials, products, or services will replace older technology, natural materials, or existing products or services. It is useful for modeling economic behavior whenever substitution is an on-going process. The SHARE function is easy to use because the data necessary to predict future share is not difficult to obtain. For example, you can use two years of sales for each of the two product or service categories and an estimate of the ultimate saturation point (the point at which substitution stops) Šruęoto predict the rate of substitution several years into the future. For more information on substitution, see "A Simple Substitution Model of Technological Change," in John C. Fisher and Robert H. Pry, Technological Forecasting and Social Change. or Michael E. Porter's Competitive Advantage; Chapter 8, "Substitution," discusses the concepts that underlie Compete!'s SHARE function.“jŠ“)$€€¦)€‚€€‚’Examples: The Acme Widgit company began producing a new aluminum widgit in 1983. Many widgit users are substituting the new aluminum widgits for the older, heavier steel widgits. Analysts at the Widgit Industry Association, however, predict that aluminum will never capture more than 70% of the widgit market because in 30% of the cases where widgits are used, they must be made of steel for reasons of strength and durability. The view displayed below shows data that analysts at the Widgit Industry Association have collected since they began tracking the substitution of aluminum for steel widgits in 1985.T“TBV€€¦)€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚€€‚’'1986.Aluminum Share equals 5%'1988.Aluminum Share equals 25%If managers at the Acme Widgit company want to determine what share of the total widgit market will be supplied by aluminum widgits in 1991, then:SHARE(1986,'1986.Aluminum Share,1988,'1988.Aluminum Share,70%,1991) equals 64%.If managers at the Acme Widgit company want to determine what share of the total widgit market will be supplied by aluminum widgits in 1993, then:SHARE(1986,'1986.Aluminum Share,1988,'1988.Aluminum Share,70%,1993) equals 69%.i)Tu@R€€¦)€‚‚€€‚‚€‚į«€‰‚įĄ‰‚’If managers at the Acme Widgit company predict that saturation of the widgit market with aluminum widgits will occur at 85% instead of 70%, and if they want to determine what the aluminum share of the total widgit market will be in 1993, then:SHARE(1986,'1986.Aluminum Share,1988,'1988.Aluminum Share,85%,1993) equals 83%.$|x~ęoRelated function:COST calculates an exponential curve on a logarithmic scale and returns a y-value on the curve.GROWTH calculates an exponential curve on a semilogarithmic scale and returns a y-value on the curve.„\u„("€€¦)į€‰‚’TREND calculates a regression line on a linear scale and returns a y-value on the line.A„A("€€¦)°į—€‰’Statistical Functions'A'! ’SIGN():':)$€€¦)°€€‚€’SIGN(number)-:-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’©-W€€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€€€‚‚€€‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚’Purpose: SIGN returns the sign of the number specified by the argument as a value.Arguments: number A number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these. Results: If the argument is positive, SIGN returns 1. If it is negative, SIGN returns -1. If the argument is 0, SIGN returns 0. Examples:SIGN(5) equals 1SIGN(-5) equals -19š9Id€€¦)€€€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚įœ€‰‚’SIGN(0) equals 0If the cell A.'3 contains the value -75, then:SIGN(A.'3) equals -1.If the cell A.'3 contains the positive value 75, then:SIGN(A.'3) equals 1.Related Functions:ABS returns the absolute value of a number.B9B("€€¦)°į•€‰’Mathematical Functions&B&!»SIN():&:)$€€¦)°€€‚€’SIN(radians)-:-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’£-`’€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€€€€€‚‚€€‚€€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The SIN function returns the sine of an angle.Arguments: radians The number of radians in the angle whose sine you want to calculate. If your argument is in degrees, multiply the argument by PI()/180 to convert the argument to radians.Results: SIN returns the sine of radians, where radians is the number of radians in†H†»… an angle.[Examples:SIN(1.5) equals 0.99749SIN(-PI()) equals 0ܑÜKh€€¦)€€€‚€€‚‚€‚į €‰‚įń‰€ €‚’SIN(PI()/2) equals 1SIN(30*PI()/180) equals 0.5 Related Functions:ASIN returns the arcsine of a number.PI return the value p.CÜC("€€¦)°į™€‰’Trigonometric Functions'C'!¤SIZE()G'G)$€€¦)°€€‚€’SIZE(keyword,[reference])-G-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’Ģ}-ĢOp€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€€€‚‚€€€€‚‚’Purpose: The SIZE function determines the number of rows, columns, or objects in the specified range.Arguments: keyword A text value that specifies the type of range information you want.reference A reference to a cell or range of cells. Reference can be a multidimensional range. Results: SIZE returns the following information about reference:If keyword is "row" SIZE returns The number of rows in the sheet range.If keyword is "col" SIZE returns The number of columns in the sheet range. If keyword is a dimensionname ( e.g."Dim1" )SIZE returns the number of object from the specified dimension in the range. ¹Ģ Rv€€¦)€€€€€‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚‚€€€€‚’If reference is omitted, it defaults to the current selection. If reference is a multiple selection, SIZE returns the error value #VALUE!.Examples:SIZE("row",A1:C4) equals 4SIZE("col",A1:C4) equals 3In a model, which has three dimension, PRODUCTS, FINANCIALS, and YEARS, whereby Units, Price, Sales, Costs, Operating Profits are object of the FINANCIALS dimension and Pdt 1 - 4 are objects of the PRODUCTS dimension:åŸ ńF^€€¦)€€€‚€€‚‚€‚į„€‰‚į‰‚‚’SIZE("PRODUCTS",Units.Pdt 1:Operating Profit.Pdt 4) equals 4.SIZE("FINANCIALS",Units.Pdt 1:Operating Profit.Pdt 4) equals 5.Related functions:CELL returns information about the formatting, locationŻŒčŽv‰, or contents of a cell.TYPE returns a number indicating the data type of the contents of a cell.The IS functions (ISBLANK, ISCONSISTENT, ISERR, etc.) all return information about the specified cell.AńA("€€¦)°į’€‰’Information Functions&A&!?SLN()D&D)$€€¦)°€€‚€’SLN(cost,salvage,life)-D-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’[-[CX€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚’Purpose: The SLN function determines the straight-line depreciation of an asset for a single period of time.Arguments: cost The initial cost of the asset whose depreciation you are calculating. salvage The value of the asset at the end of its life. life The number of periods (typically years) over which the asset is being depreciated, also called the useful life.Each of the arguments can be a number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these.æ[Hb€€¦)€‚€€€€‚‚€‚€‚‚€€‚‚€€‚’Results: The value of the depreciation of an asset for a single period. The straight-line method of depreciation divides the depreciable cost (cost - salvage) evenly over the useful life of an asset.SLN uses the following formula to calculate depreciation: cost -salvage-------------------- life Use: The SLN function is used to determine the straight-line depreciation of an asset when its residual value is known.ūµF^€€¦)€‚€€‚€€‚€‚‚į²€‰‚į ‰‚’Examples: If you purchased a forklift for your warehouse for $10,000, and the forklift has a lifetime of 10 years and a salvage value of $1500, then:SLN(10000,1500,10) equals $850 per year.Related functions:DDB function determines the depreciation of an asset for a specific period of time, using the double-declining balance method.SYD returns the sum-of-years' digits depreciation of an asset for a speci ”–‘fied period.??("€€¦)°į€‰’Financial Functions'?'!.SQRT():':)$€€¦)°€€‚€’SQRT(number)-:-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’Æ-Qt€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The SQRT function calculates the square root of the number specified by the argument.Arguments: number A number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these.Results: A number that is the square root of the argument. If the argument is negative, SQRT returns the error value #NUM!.Examples:SQRT(36) equals 6SQRT(-36) equals #NUM!^^G`€€¦)€€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚įø€‰‚įō‰‚’SQRT(ABS(-36)) equals 6If the cell B.'1 contains the number 100, then:SQRT(B.'1) equals 10.Related functions:EXP returns the value of the constant e (which is equal to 2.7182818), raised to the specified power.PRODUCT multiplies all of its arguments together.B^B("€€¦)°į•€‰’Mathematical Functions(B(!STDEV()]((]5<€€¦)°€€ €€ €€‚€’STDEV(number1,[number2], . . .)-]-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’–L-–Jf€€¦)€€‚‚‚€€€€‚‚‚‚€€į‰į‰‚’Purpose: The STDEV function calculates the standard deviation of a population based on the sample of data specified by the arguments. The standard deviation is calculated using the "nonbiased" or "n - 1" method.Arguments: number A constant value or a reference to a cell or range that contains numbers.The STDEV function can have from 1 to 40 arguments. All text, logical, or empty cell values cause errors.Results: The square root of the variance in a population based on the sample given by the arguments. STDEV is the square root of VAR function: =SQRT (VAR ())-ģ–9AT€€¦)€‚€‚€‚‚‚‚€‚€9ĻŸ‡œ€€€€‚’Use: The STDEV function, like VAR, is useful for measuring the dispersion of a group of numbers. Standard deviation is the square root of the variance.STDEV assumes the arguments are a sample of the population for which you are calculating the standard deviation. If the data you are using as arguments represents the entire population, you should use STDEVP to calculate the standard deviation.Example:STDEV(3000, 6000, 9000, 12000, 15000, 18000, 21000) equals 6480.741L9L>N€€¦)€‚€‚į€‰‚į‰‚į‰‚’Related functions:STDEVP calculates the true standard deviation when you have all the data for a population.VAR estimates the variance of a population based on a sample of data.VARP calculates the true variance when you have all the data for a population.ALA("€€¦)°į—€‰’Statistical Functions)A)!ĖSTDEVP()^))^5<€€¦)°€€ €€ €€‚€’STDEVP(number1,[number2], . . .)@^Ml€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€€€‚‚‚‚€€į‰į‰‚’Purpose: The STDEVP function calculates the standard deviation when all the data for a population is specified by the arguments. The standard deviation is calculated using the "biased" or "n" method.Arguments: number A constant value or a reference to a cell or range that contains numbers.The STDEVP function can have from 1 to 40 arguments. All text, logical, or empty cell values cause errors.Results: The square root of the variance in a population based on the data given by the arguments. STDEV is the square root of VAR function: =SQRT (VAR ())'ķ3:F€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚‚€‚€€€‚’Use: The STDEVP function, like VARP, is useful for measuring the dispersion of a group of numbers. Standard deviation is the square root of the variance.STDEVP assumes the arguments are the entire population for which you are calculating the standard deviation. If the data y¤©¦•£ou are using as arguments represents only a sample of the population, you should use STDEV to calculate the standard deviation.Example:STDEVP(3000, 6000, 9000, 12000, 15000, 18000, 21000) equals 6000C3C>N€€¦)€‚€‚į€‰‚į‰‚į‰‚’Related functions:STDEV estimates the standard deviation of a population based on a sample of data.VAR estimates the variance of a population based on a sample of data.VARP calculates the true variance when you have all the data for a population.ACA("€€¦)°į—€‰’Statistical Functions- A-! SUBSTITUTE()b9-b)$€€¦)°€€‚€’SUBSTITUTE(text,old_text,new_text,[instance_number])-b-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’-Šꀀ¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€€€‚€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€‚’Purpose: The SUBSTITUTE function substitutes new text for existing text in the specified text value.Arguments: text The text where you want to make substitutions or a reference to a cell that contains the text you want.old_text The existing text within text that you want to change.new_text The new text that you want to substitute for old_text within text.instance_number The instance of occurrence of old_text where you want to substitute new_text within text. If instance_num is specified, only that instance of old_text is replaced; otherwise old_text is replaced by new_text every time it occurs within text.-Š9]Œ€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚‚€‚įł€‰‚’Results: A modified string of text.The SUBSTITUTE function is case-sensitive.Examples:SUBSTITUTE("Market","et","up") equals "Markup"SUBSTITUTE("Tote and Top","To","Ta",1) equals "Tate and Top"SUBSTITUTE("Tote and Top","To",Ta",2) equals "Tote and Tap"SUBSTITUTE("Tote and Top","To","Ta") equals "Tate and Tap"Related functions:REPLACE su«6®`Ŗbstitutes characters within a string of text at a specified starting point in the string of text.W/9W("€€¦)į€‰‚’TRIM removes spaces from a string of text.:W:("€€¦)°į˜€‰’Text Functions&:&!$ SUM()[&&[5<€€¦)°€€ €€ €€‚€’SUM(number1,[number2], . . .)W![W6>€€¦)€‚€‚‚€€€€‚‚‚’Purpose: The SUM function adds all the numbers specified by the arguments together.Arguments: number A number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains either of these.The SUM function can have from 1 to 40 arguments. Arguments that are text representations of a number, logical values, or empty cells are ignored, while arguments that are error values or text that cannot be translated into numbers cause errors. In a reference argument, text, logical values, error values, and empty cells are ignored.ćW5<€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€‚‚‚‚‚’Results: The SUM function returns a single value that is the additive total of all values specified by the arguments.Use: The SUM function is especially useful for adding the numbers in a range of cells together. Wherever you would use a long formula to calculate the total for a number of figures, for example:=(B.'1+B.'2+B.'3+ B.'4+B.'5+.B'6+B.'7+B.'8+B.'9+B.'10),you can use a range argument and the SUM function instead: =SUM(B.'1:B.'10)to achieve the same result.–k؀€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚€€€‚€‚€‚į£€‰‚’Examples: The sales figures for the three products made by the Gadget company are displayed in the illustration below:Sales.Pdt1 equals 1000Sales.Pdt1 equals 750Sales.Pdt1 equals 1250Sales.Pdt1 equals 1200To find total product sales:SUM(Sales.Pdt 1:Sales.Pdt 4) equals 4200.SUM(Sales.Pdt 1:Sales.Pdt 2, 1100) equals 2850.Related functions:AVERAGE averages its arguments.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXšµ ø±Ö Ö6>€€¦)į­€‰‚į®‰‚įō‰‚’COUNT counts the numbers in its list of arguments.COUNTA counts the values in its list of arguments.PRODUCT multiplies all of its arguments together.BÖB("€€2K@°į•€‰’Mathematical Functions&B&!²  SYD()K"&K)$€€¦)°€€‚€’SYD(cost,salvage,life,period)ÅKId€€¦)€‚€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The SYD function determines the sum-of-years' digits depreciation for an asset for a specified period of time.Arguments: cost The initial cost of the asset whose depreciation you are calculating.salvage The value of the asset at the end of its life.life The number of periods over which the asset is being depreciated, also called the useful life. period The specific period for which you want to calculate the depreciation.Ü“ÜId€€¦)€‚€€€€€€€€‚‚€€€€‚’Each of these arguments can be a number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these. All four arguments must be positive numbers and period, and life must be given in the same units. For example, if period is given in months, life must also be given in months.Results:The value of the depreciation for the asset for the specified period. The sum-of-the-years' digits method of depreciation accelerates the rate of depreciation, so that more depreciation expense occurs in earlier periods than in later ones. SLN uses the following formula to calculate depreciation: YÜeY„€€¦)€‚€€€€€€€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€‚‚€€‚’(cost-salvage)*(life-period+1)------------------------------------------- life*(life+1)/2 Use: The SYD function is used to determine the sum-of-the-years' digits depreciation of an asset when the residual value of the asset and the period of depreciation are £»¾$¹known.Examples: If you purchased a forklift for your warehouse for $10,000 and the forklift has a lifetime of 10 years and a salvage value of $1500, then the yearly depreciation allowance for the first year is:³le³G`€€¦)€€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚į²€‰‚į‰‚’SYD(10000,1500,10,1) equals $1545.46.The yearly depreciation allowance for the tenth year is:SYD(10000,1500,10,10) equals $154.55.Related functions:DDB function determines the depreciation of an asset for a specific period of time, using the double-declining balance method.SLN returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period.?³?("€€¦)°į€‰’Financial Functions$?$!‰  T()6 $6)$€€¦)°€€‚€’T(value)-6-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’Jū-JOp€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€€€€€‚‚€€‚’Purpose: The T function translates the argument into text.Arguments: value A number, text value, logical value, or reference to a cell that contains any of these.Results: If value is text, T returns the specified text. If value is anything else, T returns "" (the empty text).Use: It is not generally necessary to use the T function in a formula, since Compete! automatically translates values as necessary. This function is provided for compatibility with other worksheet programs. ±J X‚€€¦)€‚€‚€€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚į„€‰‚’Examples: T(7) equals "", and the cell containing this function would be empty. T("7") equals "7"If the cell A.'1 contains the logical value TRUE, then: T(A.'1) equals "", and the cell containing this function would be empty.If the cell B.'1 contains the text value "4/17/90", then:T(B.'1) equals "4/17/90".Related functions:CELL returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell.b: n("€€¦)€į艂’The N function translates the argumen§Å°ĒÖĀt into a number.AnA("€€¦)°į’€‰’Information Functions&A&!¤  TAN():&:)$€€¦)°€€‚€’TAN(radians)²:^Ž€€¦)€‚€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€€€€€‚€‚‚€€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The TAN function returns the tangent of an angle.Arguments: radians The number of radians in the angle whose tangent you want to calculate. If your argument is in degrees, multiply the argument by PI()/180 to convert the argument to radians.Results: TAN returns the tangent of radians, where radians is the number of radians in an angle.Examples:TAN(1.5) equals 14.1014TAN(45*PI()/180) equals 1 ń­ńDZ€€¦)€‚€‚į”€‰‚į¢‰‚įń‰€ €‚’Related Functions:ATAN returns the arctangent of a number.ATAN2 returns the arctangent of an angle defined by a point and the x-axis.PI returns the value p.CńC("€€¦)°į™€‰’Trigonometric Functions'C'!O  TEXT()G'G)$€€¦)°€€‚€’TEXT(value,[format_text])(ßG(Id€€¦)€‚€‚‚€€€€‚€€€€‚‚€€‚’Purpose: The TEXT function formats a number in a specified format and converts the result into text.Arguments: value A number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains either of these.format_text Any of the Compete! formatting symbols ($, #, 0, etc.) except the asterisk (*) or question mark (?), arranged to indicate the format in which you want to display value. Results: A number formatted in the specified format, which is text.+ć(7Hb€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚’Use: The TEXT function is useful when you want to format a number and also convert it to text. The formats available under the Format Number command change the format of a number, but do not convert it to text: a number formatted with the Format Number command is still a number.qĢ™ĪĢExamples:TEXT(.356197,"0.00%") equals "35.62%"TEXT(1/3,"0.00") equals "0.33"TEXT("4/1/90", "mmmm d, yyyy") equals "April 1, 1990"If the cell A.'3 contains the number 1408.546, then:H7HE\€€¦)€€€‚‚€‚į¶€‰‚į¾‰‚į‰‚’TEXT(A.'3,"$0.00") equals"$1408.55"Related Functions:DOLLAR rounds a number, formats it in currency format, and converts it to text.FIXED rounds a number, formats it in decimal format, and converts it to text.VALUE converts text to a number.:H:("€€¦)°į˜€‰’Text Functions':'!; TIME()F'F)$€€¦)°€€‚€’TIME(hour,minute,second)\F\Z†€€¦)€‚€ą‰‚‚€€€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚’Purpose: The TIME function returns the serial number of the time specified by the arguments.Arguments: hour A number that represents the hours portion of the time. The number for hour should be an integer in the range 0 to 23. minute A number that represents the minutes portion of the time. The number for minute should be an integer in the range 0 to 59.second A number that represent the seconds portion of the time. The number for seconds should be an integer in the range 0 to 59.‹?\‹Lj€€¦)€‚‚€€‚‚ą‰‚‚€€€€€€€€‚’Results: A value that represents how much of the day has elapsed between midnight and the time indicated by the arguments. Using the Format Number command, you can format the cell that contains the TIME function so that the resulting serial number is expressed in a familiar time format.The serial time value is a decimal fraction ranging from 0 through 0.9999 and represents the times from 0:00:00 or 12:00:00 a.m. to 23:59:59 or 11:59:59 p.m.Use: The TIME function is most useful in formulas where hour, minute, or seconds are formulas, not constants.? ‹K26€€¦)€‚ą‰‚‚€‚€‚’Since Compete! will calculate the seriÕ¦×RŅal number from the date constant, It is not necessary to use the TIME function within a formula that uses dates as constants. If you use the text form of the time, "14:30:00", or "5:40 p.m.", Compete! automatically converts the text to a serial number.Examples:TIME uses the 24-hour time convention. On the 24-hour clock, 4 a.m. is 4 o'clock and 4 p.m. is 16 o'clock. Therefore to calculate the serial number for 3:45 PM, you would enter the following function in the cell:4°K4„Ś€€¦)€€€€€‚€€€€‚‚€‚į€‰ą‰‚įĀ‰ą‰‚į䉱‰‚įž‰ą‰‚įė‰ą‰‚’TIME(15,45,0) equals .65625 equals 15:45:00.TIME(12,0,0) equals .5 equals 12:00:00.Related Functions:TIMEVALUE returns the serial number of a time, but requires a text argument.HOUR converts a serial number to an hour of the day.MINUTE converts a serial number to a minute.SECOND converts a serial number to a second. NOW returns the serial number corresponding to the current date and time.%4%"€€¦)€‚’C%C("€€¦)°į€‰’Date and Time Functions, C,!ż TIMEVALUE()J,J/0€€¦)°€€ €€‚€’TIMEVALUE(time_text)-J-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’³l-³G`€€¦)€€ą‰‚‚€€€€‚‚€€ą‰‚’Purpose: The TIMEVALUE function returns the serial number of the time specified by the text argument.Arguments: time_text A time. Times can be entered in any of the Compete! built-in date formats, for example "1:40 PM" or "14:25:00". Since it is text, the argument must be enclosed in double quotation marks.Results: A value that represents how much of the day has elapsed between midnight and the time indicated by the argument. Using the Format Number command, you can format the cell that contains the TIMEVALUE function so that the resulting serial number is expressed in a familiar time format.XŅ³d†Ž€€¦)0Żćߍ܀‚€‚€€€‚€€€€‚‚€‚į €‰ą‰‚įĀ‰ą‰‚į䉱‰‚įž‰ą‰‚įė‰ą‰‚’Examples:TIMEVALUE("3:50 AM") equals .159722TIMEVALUE("16-Apr-90 3:50 AM") equals TIMEVALUE("3.50 AM") equals .159722Related Functions:TIME returns the serial number of a time, but requires a numeric argument.HOUR converts a serial number to an hour of the day.MINUTE converts a serial number to a minute.SECOND converts a serial number to a second. NOW returns the serial number corresponding to the current date and time.CdC("€€¦)°į€‰’Date and Time Functions(C(!įTREND()R)(R)$€€¦)°€€‚€’TREND(known_y's,[known_x's],[new_x])d"RdBV€€¦)€‚€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The TREND function fits a regression line to the known x and y data points on a linear scale and returns a new y-value for the new x-value specified by the arguments.Arguments: known_y's A reference to the vector that contains the known y-values on the straight line.known_x's A reference to the vector that contains the corresponding known x-values on the straight line.new_x A number or reference to a cell that contains the value of the x-value on the regression line which corresponds to the y-value you are seeking.y%dyTz€€¦)€€€€€€€€€‚‚€€€€€€€€‚’The arguments known_y's and known_x's must both be vectors (a range with a height, width, or depth of one cell). A vector reference can refer to either a row, column, or cylinder (a one-dimensional range that extends into the depth of the model) of data; however, the rows, columns, or cylinders of data specified as known_y's and known_x's must contain the same number of cells.Results: The number that represents the y-coordinate on the regression line determined by the known_y's and the known_x's that corresponds to new_x.ćšyļId€€¦)€håįēŠā‚€‚€‚€€€€€€€€€€‚’The accuracy of the line calculated by TREND depends on the degree of scattering in the data specified by the arguments. The more linear the data, the more accurate the TREND model. TREND uses the method of least squares for determining the best fit for the data. The regression line is calculated on a linear scale using the formula y=mx+b.If the argument known_x's is omitted, it defaults to the vector that contains the values 1, 2, 3, . . . n, and is equal in size to the vector specified by known_y's. If the argument new_x is omitted, it defaults to 0. If any of the numbers in known_y's is negative, TREND returns the error value #NUM!.Ŗ€ļŖ*&€€¦)€‚€‚€‚’Use: The TREND function can be used to calculate trends and make near-term forecasts. It is used by the Tools Forecast command when you choose "simple" as the type of growth you want to forecast. The TREND function calculates growth as an incremental change rather than a percentage rate. When you use the TREND function to calculate a line that passes through your data, Compete! assumes that an incremental change in the driving variable (e.g., time, price of raw materials, units produced, headcount, etc.) will result in an incremental change in the driven variable (e.g., sales, production costs, administrative costs, etc.).+Ŗ’V~€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚’Examples: The model displayed below tracks information about the total number of shoppers and cars that visited a large suburban shopping mall during the first three Saturdays in May.Saturday 1.Shoppers equals 8098Saturday 2.Shoppers equals 9765Saturday 3.Shoppers equals 8876Saturday 1.Cars equals 2300Saturday 2.Cars equals 2500Saturday 3.Cars equals 2400If you want to forecast the number of shoppers at the shopping mall on the fourth Saturday of May given the data recorded for the first three Saturdays in the month, then:XXXXXzķ šŠāX’XBV€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚įՀ‰‚’TREND(Saturday 1.Shoppers:Saturday 3.Shoppers,,4) equals 9691.If the number of shoppers on the fourth Saturday in May is expected to be 8456 and you want to forecast the number of cars that will come use the mall parking lot, based on the data for the first three Saturdays in May, then:TREND(Saturday 1.Shoppers:Saturday 3.Shoppers,Saturday 1.Cars:Saturday 2.Cars,8456) equals 2345.Related function:LINLINEST calculates a regression line on a linear scale and returns the slope or the y-axis intercept of the line.ʉXĘ=L€€¦)įĄ€‰‚į«‰‚į‰‚į’‰‚’GROWTH calculates an exponential curve on a semilogarithmic scale and returns a y-value on the line.COST calculates an exponential curve on a logarithmic versus logarithmic scale and returns a y-value on the curve.TREND2 calculates a regression plane on a linear scale and returns a new z-value on the plane.SHARE calculates an S-curve and returns a new share-value on the curve.AĘA("€€¦)°į—€‰’Statistical Functions)A)!āTREND2()e<)e)$€€¦)°€€‚€’TREND2(known_z's,known_y's,[known_x's],[new_y],[new_x])>üe>BV€€¦)€‚€‚‚€€€€‚€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The TREND2 function uses the known x, y, and z data points to calculate a regression plane on a linear scale and returns a new z-value for the new pair of x and y-values specified by the arguments.Arguments: known_z's A reference to the vector that contains the known z-values on the planeknown_y's A reference to the vector that contains the corresponding known y-values on the plane.known_x's A reference to the vector that contains the corresponding known x-values on the plane.Ē>$Qt€€¦)€€‚€€‚€€€€€€€€€€€€‚’new_y A number or reference to a cell that contains the value of the x-coordinate on the plane which corresponds to thłō7÷kōe z-value you are seeking.new_x A number or reference to a cell that contains the value of the y-coordinate on the plane which corresponds to the z-value you are seeking.The arguments known_z's, known_y's, and known_x's must all be vectors (a range with a height, width, or depth of one cell). A vector reference can refer to either a row, column, or cylinder (a one-dimensional range that extends into the depth of the model) of data; however, the rows, columns, or cylinders of data specified as known_z's, known_y's, and known_x's must contain the same number of cells.¬$¬ģ€€¦)€‚€€€€€€€€€€€€‚‚€ €€ €€ €€ €€‚€‚€€€€€€€€€€€€‚’Results: The number that represents the z-coordinate that corresponds to new_x and new_y on the plane determined by the known_z's, known_y's, and known_x's.The TREND2 function uses the formula y=m1*x1+m2*x2+b to plot a regression plane on a linear scale.If the argument known_x's is omitted, it defaults to the vector that contains the values 1, 2, 3, . . . n, and is equal in size to the vectors specified by known_z's and known_y's. If the arguments new_y and new_x are omitted, they default to 0.Ķ¬5<€€¦)€‚€€€€€€‚’Use: The TREND2 function is similar to the TREND function but it allows you to calculate trends and make near-term forecasts that depend upon two driving variables (known_y's and known_x's) instead of one. This function calculates growth as an incremental change rather than a percentage rate. It can be used to describe any relationship in which an absolute change in the two driving variables results in an absolute change in the driven variable .å#€€¦)€‚‚’The TREND2 function is used by the Tools Response Function command when you select the "Lin vs. Lin scale" option for the double cost curve you want to calculate. You can use the TREND2 function to model econoż ’kōmic behavior that demonstrates a linear relationship where two driving variables must be taken into consideration. The TREND2 function is applicable in areas such as activity-based costing, manpower budgeting, sales forecasting, and feasibility or competitive analysis. „ h¢€€¦)€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚€€‚’Examples: The model displayed below tracks information about the total number of guests, employees, and their cars at a luxury resort in Florida during the month of March.Week 1.Cars equals 497Week 2.Cars equals 561Week 3.Cars equals 549Week 1.Employees equals 225Week 2.Employees equals 250Week 3.Employees equals 250Week 1Guests equals 544Week 2Guests equals 622Week 3.Guests equals 598^ ^@R€€¦)€‚‚€€‚‚€‚į¬€‰‚įĮ‰‚’If you want to forecast the number of cars that will be parked at the resort during the fourth week of March, when the number of guest is expected to be 640 and the number of employees 260, then :TREND2(Week 1.Cars:Week 3.Cars,Week 1.Guests:Week 3.Guests,Week 1.Employees:Weeks 3.Employees,640,260) equals 580.Related function:COST2 calculates a regression plane on a logarithmic scale and returns a new z-value on the plane.GROWTH2 calculates a regression plane on a semilogarithmic scale and returns a z-value on the plane.„\^„("€€¦)į€‰‚’TREND calculates a regression line on a linear scale and returns a y-value on the line.A„A("€€¦)°į—€‰’Statistical Functions'A'!¤TRIM()@'@/0€€¦)°€€ €€‚€’TRIM(text)­@W€€€¦)€‚€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚‚€‚’Purpose: The TRIM function removes all spaces from the specified text, except for one space between words.Arguments: text A number, text, or cell reference.Results: A string of text without any spaces, except for one space between wt“Mords.Examples:TRIM("removes extra spaces from text") equals "removes extra spaces from text"TRIM("We the people") equals "We the people"Related functions:óÄó/0€€¦)įł€‰‚į‰‚’REPLACE substitutes characters within a string of text at a specified starting point in the string of text.SUBSTITUTE substitutes new text for the specified characters in a string of text.:ó:("€€¦)°į˜€‰’Text Functions':'!2TRUE()0 '0&€€¦)°€‚€’TRUE()žK0žSx€€¦)€‚€‚‚€€‚‚€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€‚į¼€‰‚’Purpose: The TRUE function returns the logical value TRUEArguments: The TRUE function has no arguments. You do not have to include the empty parentheses with the function name.Results: TRUE returns the logical value TRUE.Example: TRUE() equals TRUERelated functions:FALSE returns the logical value FALSE.=ž=("€€¦)°į“€‰’Logical Functions(=(!hTRUNC()C(C/0€€¦)°€€ €€‚€’TRUNC(number)(ĄC(h¢€€¦)€‚€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚€€‚‚€‚įŀ‰‚’Purpose: The TRUNC function truncates the number specified by the argument to an integer.Arguments: number A number, text representation of a number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains any of these.Results: A number with no decimal places. Examples:TRUNC(45.136) equals 45TRUNC(3.67) equals 3TRUNC(-3.67) equals -3Related functions:INT rounds a number down to the nearest integer.“d(“/0€€¦)įü€‰‚įꉂ’ROUND rounds a number to a specified number of digits.MOD gives the remainder from division.B“B("€€¦)°į•€‰’Mathematical Functions'B'!¹TYPE()A'Z/0€€¦)°€€ €€‚€’TYPE(value)XXXXXXXXXXXXX² ‹“ZRv€€¦)€‚€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚’Purpose: The TYPE function returns a number that indicates the data type of the argument.Arguments: value A number, text, logical value, error value, or reference to a cell that contains any of these.Results: TYPE returns 1 if value is a number or refers to a number, 2 if it is or refers to a text, 4 for a logical value and 16 in case of an error value.Examples:TYPE(13) equals 1TYPE("Sam and Joann") equals 2ń§ńJf€€¦)€‚‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚į„€‰‚į‰‚‚’If the cell A.'1 contains the value TRUE, then:TYPE(A.'1) equals 4.If the cell B.'3 contains the value, #NUM!, then:TYPE(B.'3) equals 16.Related functions:CELL returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell.SIZE returns the number of rows, columns, or objects in a range.The IS functions (ISBLANK, ISCONSISTENT, ISERR, etc.) all return information about the specified cell.AńA("€€¦)°į’€‰’Information Functions(A(!3UPPER()A(A/0€€¦)°€€ €€‚€’UPPER(text)ÉAQt€€¦)€‚€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€‚€€€‚’Purpose: The UPPER function capitalizes all letters in the specified string of text. Characters in the string of text that are not letters remain unchanged.Arguments: text A number, text, or cell reference. If the argument is a string of text, the argument must be enclosed in double quotation marks.Results: The same string of text as specified by text, but all letters in the string are capitalized.Examples:UPPER("b") equals "B"j#vG`€€¦)€€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚įõ€‰‚į‰‚’UPPER("Price") equals "PRICE"If the cell A.'10 contains the text "type 5", then:UPPER(A.'10) equals "TYPE 5".Related functions:PROPER capitalizes the first letter in each word in the specified string of text.UPPER capitalize­ĒDs every letter in the specified string of text.:v:("€€¦)°į˜€‰’Text Functions(:(!ÖVALUE()A(A/0€€¦)°€€ €€‚€’VALUE(text)CłACJf€€¦)€‚€‚‚€€€€€€‚‚€€‚‚€€‚’Purpose: The VALUE function converts a number entered in a model in text format to a number.Arguments: text A text value or reference to a cell that contains text. If text is a text value, the argument must be enclosed in double quotation marks.Results: A numeric value.Use: It is not necessary to use the VALUE function in a formula, since Compete! automatically converts the text to numbers, as necessary. This function is provided for compatibility with other worksheet programs.šCšc˜€€¦)€‚€‚€€€‚€€ą‰‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚į¶€‰‚į¾‰‚į ‰‚’Examples:VALUE("$2500") equals $2500VALUE("2/15/90") equals the serial number 32919If the cell A.'3 contains the text entry ="845", then:VALUE(A.'3) equals 845.Related Functions:DOLLAR rounds a number, formats it in currency format, and converts it to text.FIXED rounds a number, formats it in decimal format, and converts it to text.TEXT converts a number to text.:š:("€€¦)°į˜€‰’Text Functions&:&! VAR()[&&[5<€€¦)°€€ €€ €€‚€’VAR(number1,[number2], . . .)Ń[>N€€¦)€‚€‚‚€€€€‚‚‚‚€€‚’Purpose: The VAR function calculates the variance of a population based on the sample specified by the arguments.Arguments: number A constant value or a reference to a cell or range that contains numbers.The VAR function can have from 1 to 40 arguments. All text, logical, or empty cell values cause errors.Results: The variance in a population based on the sample given by the arguments. VAR uses the following formula to calculate the variance: ŗOp€€¦)€‚€ ĪŻM€€ €‚‚‚‚€€‚‚‚‚€€‚€€‚‚€‚’nS(x²)-(Sx)²---------------- n(n-1)Use: The VAR function is useful for measuring the dispersion of a group of numbers.VAR assumes the arguments are a sample of the population for which you are calculating the variance. If the data you are using as arguments represents the entire population, you should use VARP to calculate the variance.Examples: VAR(3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21) equals 52.28571Related functions:::6>€€¦)į€‰‚į‰‚į‰‚’STDEV estimates the standard deviation of a population based on a sample of data.STDEVP calculates the true standard deviation when you have all the data for a population.VARP calculates the true variance when you have all the data for a population.A:A("€€¦)°į—€‰’Statistical Functions'A'!æVARP()\''\5<€€¦)°€€ €€ €€‚€’VARP(number1,[number2], . . .)-\-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’Ó-;H€€¦)€€‚‚€€€€‚‚€€‚’Purpose: The VARP function calculates the variance when all the data for a population is specified by the arguments. Arguments: number A constant value or a reference to a cell or range that contains numbers. The VARP function can have from 1 to 40 arguments. All text, logical, or empty cell values cause errors.Results: The variance in a population based on the data given by the arguments. VARP uses the following formula to calculate the variance:,é8CX€€¦)€‚€ €€ €‚‚‚‚€€‚‚‚‚€€‚’nS(x²)-(Sx)²---------------- n²Use: The VARP function is useful for measuring the dispersion of a group of numbers.VARP assumes the arguments are the entire population for which you are calculating the variance. If the data you are using as arguments represents a sample of the population, you should use VAR to calculate the variance.Examples: The view below shows the numb$+&m#er of bags of fertilizer that were sold each month by the Shadybrook Nursery in 1989.ˆB8ˆF^€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€‚į€‰‚į‰‚į‰‚’VARP(3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21) equals 44.81633Related functions:STDEV estimates the standard deviation of a population based on a sample of data.STDEVP calculates the true standard deviation when you have all the data for a population.VAR estimates the variance of a population based on a sample of data.AˆA("€€¦)°į—€‰’Statistical Functions)A)!ŌVECTOR()\')\5<€€¦)°€€ €€ €€‚€’VECTOR(value1,[value2], . . .)<ž\<>N€€¦)€‚€‚‚€€€€‚‚‚‚€€‚’Purpose: The VECTOR function creates a vector (one-dimensional range) that contains the series of values specified by the arguments.Arguments: value A number, formula that returns a number, or reference to a cell that contains either of these.The VECTOR function can have from 1 to 40 arguments. All text, logical, or empty cell values cause errors.Results: A vector (a one-dimensional range that has a height, width, or depth of one cell) that contains the values specified by the arguments. ‹< Š€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€‚€€€€€‚’Use: The VECTOR function can only be used as an argument of a function that requests a range or vector. You can use VECTOR to create a vector that contains values that are dispersed throughout a model or do not exist in the model.Examples:A.'1 equal 10B.'2 equal 20C.'1 equal 30C.'2 equal 40C.'4 equal 70D.'1 through D.'4 equal 100, 120, 130, 160Ǝ Ć5<€€¦)€‚€€‚€€‚‚€‚’TREND(D.'1:D.'4,VECTOR(10,20,30,40),C.'4) equals 213TREND(D.'1:D.'4,VECTOR(A.'1,B.'2,C.'1,C.'2),C.'4) equals 213Related functions:AĆR("€€¦)°į—€‰’Statistical FunctionsXXXXXŗ/ 0 0* R*!żWEEKDAY()L*L/0€€¦)°€ą‰€‚€’WEEKDAY(serial_number)5öL5?P€€¦)€‚€ą‰‚‚€€ą€‰‚‚‚’Purpose: The WEEKDAY function is used to determine the day of the week that corresponds to a serial date number.Arguments: serial_number A serial date value, a date function, or a reference to a cell that contains a date function or a serial date value.The argument can be given as text, such as "3/15/90" or "3-Mar-90", instead of a number. Compete! automatically converts the text to the corresponding serial date number. A text argument must be enclosed in double quotation marks. ĶŒ5ĶAT€€¦)€‚€€ą‰‚ą€‰‚‚€€‚’Results: A number from 1 to 7 that matches the day of the week specified by the serial date value. Sunday is represented by number 1 and Saturday by number 7.If serial_number is a decimal number, WEEKDAY ignores the numbers to the right of the decimal point, which represent time.Use: The WEEKDAY function can be very helpful when used in conjunction with a lookup table in which the numbers for the day of the week (1,2, 3, . . . 7) are listed in one column and the corresponding day of the week as text (Monday, Tuesday, etc.) in the next. You can also use WEEKDAY to retrieve the text name of a day of the week for a specific date.A½ĶA„Ś€€¦)€‚€‚€€€‚‚ą‰‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚į±€‰ą‰‚įē‰ą‰‚į‰ą‰‚įĀ‰ą‰‚’Examples:WEEKDAY("1/1/90") equals 2The serial number for July 4, 1989 is 32693, soWEEKDAY(32693) equals 3.If the cell A.'1 contains the function DATE(90,2,14), then:WEEKDAY(A.'1) equals 4.Related Functions:DAY converts a serial number to a day of the month.MONTH converts a serial numberto a month of the year.YEAR converts a serial numberto a year.HOUR converts a serial numberto an hour of the day.õ­AHb€€¦)į䀉ą‰‚įž‰ą‰‚į„5Å7 0ė‰ą‰‚’MINUTEconverts a serial numberto a minute.SECONDconverts a serial numberto a second. NOWreturns the serial numbercorresponding to the current date and time.CC("€€¦)°į€‰’Date and Time Functions'C'!…’’’’YEAR()J'J/0€€¦)°€ą‰€‚€’YEAR(serial_number.)-J-*&€€’MPBł ~‚±€‚’į->N€€¦)€€ą‰‚‚€€ą€‰‚‚‚’Purpose: The YEAR function returns the year that corresponds to a serial date number.Arguments: serial_number A serial date value, a date function, or a reference to a cell that contains either a date function or a serial date value.The argument can be given as text, such as "3/15/90" or "3-Mar-90", instead of a number. Compete! automatically converts the text to the corresponding serial date number. A text argument must be enclosed in double quotation marks. %%"€€¦)€‚’wE%w26€€¦)°€€ą€‰€‚’Results: The value of the year specified by the serial_number"ŗw"h¢€€¦)€ą€‰‚‚€‚€€€‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚€‚į€‰ą‰‚’If serial_number is a decimal number, YEAR ignores the numbers to the right of the decimal point, which represent time.Examples:YEAR("6/13/87") equals1987YEAR(.007) equals 1900The serial date for March 31, 1990, is 32904, therefore:YEAR(32904) equals 1990.If the cell B.'4 contains the function DATE(91,1,15), thenYEAR(B.'4) equals 1991.Related Functions:WEEKDAYconverts a serial numberto a day of the week.»R"Ēi¤€€¦)į±€‰ą‰‚įē‰ą‰‚įĀ‰ą‰‚į䉂įž‰ą‰‚įė‰ą‰‚’DAYconverts a serial numberto a day of the month.MONTHconverts a serial numberto a month of the year.HOURconverts a serial numberto an hour of the day.MINUTEconverts a serial number to a minute.SECONDconverts a serial numberto a second. NOWreturns tb<„> 9he serial numbercorresponding to the current date and time.CĒC("€€¦)°į€‰’Date and Time Functions!C!!G’’’’’’’’&!&#€€¦)°€‚’)&)!åŽLGlossary)ōŗ€¦)°€‚€‚ą5‰€‚ą€‰€‚ą €‰€‚ą6€‰€‚ą!€‰€‚ą2€‰€‚ą-€‰€‚ą:€‰€‚ąH€‰€‚ą"€‰€‚ą7€‰€‚ą8€‰€‚ą9€‰€‚ą#€‰€‚ąG€‰€‚ą$€‰€‚’GlossaryActive CellASCIIArgumentCellClipboardCompete DatabaseDimensionDisplayed DimensionExternal LinksFile FormatFixed DimensionFixed ObjectFixed Object BoxFormulaFormula ScopeFormulabarļ°€¦)°ą%€‰€‚ą=€‰€‚ą/€‰€‚ąA€‰€‚ą?€‰€‚ąB€‰€‚ąC€‰€‚ą&€‰€‚ą'€‰€‚ą0€‰€‚ą1€‰€‚ąI€‰€‚ą(€‰€‚ą)€‰€‚ą*€‰€‚ą+€‰€‚’FunctionGlobal CellGlobal DimensionGlobal FormulaGlobal modeGlobal mode iconGlobal mode indicatorLogical ValueMultiple SelectionObjectObject SelectorPivotingRangeReferenceReference TypeScrollbar·Ö·į”€¦)°ą€‰€‚ą4€‰€‚ą,€‰€‚ą€‰€‚ąD€‰€‚ąE€‰€‚ąF€‰€‚ą<€‰€‚ą;€‰€‚ą3€‰€‚ą>€‰€‚ą.€‰€‚ą@€‰€‚ąJ€‰€‚€‚€‚€‚’Serial NumberSheetStatusbarSerial NumberTermTerms BoxTerms FormulaValueVectorViewWorksheet CellWorksheet DimensionWorksheet ModeWorkspace. ·.!0+4Serial Number9.9' €€¦)°€‚€‚’Serial Number½›9É"€€¦)€‚’A serial number is the date-time code used by Compete! for date and time calculations. Numbers range from 0 to 65380, corresponding to the dates January 1, 1900, through December 31, 2078čF!GŗF. Numbers to the right of the decimal point in a serial date number represent the time; numbers to the left resent the date. For example, the date-time combination 12:00 p.m., January 1, 1901, is represented as 367.5. &É&!Ć 6ASCIIs&*&€€¦)°€‚€‚€’ASCIIAmerican Standard Code Instruction Index. A standard code fot representing characters on most computers.))!Ÿ5ArgumentvL)v*&€€¦)°€‚€‚€’ArgumentInformation you supply to a Compete function for calculation. * v*!›62ClipboardqG*q*&€€¦)°€‚€‚€’ClipboardThe holding place for information being copied or moved., q,!ĶH7File Format”w,”*&€€¦)°€‚€‚€’File FormatThe way information in a document is stored in a file. Different programs use different file formats. (”(!ē9$Formulaæ•(æ*&€€¦)°€‚€‚€’FormulaA sequence of values, cell references, functions or operators that is contained in a cell and produces a new value from existing values.+ æ+!)#GFormulabaržŌ+ž*&€€¦)°€‚€‚€’FormulabarA bar on top of your window to enter and edit formulas and values for the selected cell. Depending on the selection it is also used for naming objects and dimensions and for editing term formulas.)ž)! G=Functionį·)į*&€€¦)°€‚€‚€’FunctionA built-in formula that take a series of arguments, uses them to perform an operation and returns a result. Functions are entered in the formulabar as part of a formula.. į.!b?'Logical Value(ž.4*&€€¦)°€‚€‚€’Logical ValueThere are two logical values : TRUE and FALSE. Logical Values are used as arguments for logical functions, like the first argument of the IF function. The result of a formula, which contains a equatioĪNüNĪNn, like 44 > 39 is a logical value.343!Į&0Multiple SelectionŽd3Ž*&€€¦)°€‚€‚€’Multiple SelectionA selection of cells that includes more than one rectangular range of cells.&Ž&!œI)RangevL&v*&€€¦)°€‚€‚€’RangeA rectangular section of more than one cell in a view or a sheet.* v*!(*Referenceä·*ä-,€€¦)°€‚€‚€‚‚‚’ReferenceAn address of a cell in a sheet: SheetName.rowletter.columnnumber.An address of a cell in the Compete database: objectnames to identify a cell seperated by periodes /ä/!])+Reference Type.ų/.6>€€¦)°€‚€‚€€€€€’Reference TypeBy default references are relative (e.g. Sales.P1). To mark references as absolute the '$' sign is used (e.g. $Sales.$P1). You can also mix those types. (e.g. $Sales.P1 is absolute in one and relative in the other dimension)* .*!Õ*Scrollbar«*«*&€€¦)°€‚€‚€’ScrollbarBars along the right and bottom side of a window that allow you to scroll verically or horizontally using a mouse.* «*!Ä4DStatusbaršp*š*&€€¦)°€‚€‚€’StatusbarDisplays various information about the current status of the program at the bottom of the screen.* š*!š2:Dimension5*5' €€¦)°€‚€‚’Dimension;5;"€€¦)€‚’A dimension groups a number of objects that are related, because they have common characteristics. Products, divisions or cost centers in a company, regions of the world, and competitors are all good examples of groups of objects which might each belong on a separate dimension.V4;V"€€¦)°€’The Compete database supports up to 12 dimensions.4V4!©>@Worksheet Dimension;4W$€€¦)°€‚‚’Worksheet DimensionXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXµW XWĒ„WĒ"€€¦)€‚’A worksheet dimension is not globalized. That means, you can work with any object on the dimension, and all subsequent operations apply only to selected objects.1Ē1-,€€žMPBł ~‚±€‚€’&1&#€€¦)°€‚’1&1!˜=AGlobal Dimension<1<' €€¦)°€‚€‚’Global Dimensionß<&€€¦)€‚‚€’A global dimension has been globalized–that is, the whole dimension is selected, and all subsequent operations apply to every object on the dimension. You can also change the name of a dimension when it is globalized.&&#€€¦)°€‚’'&'!Ļ'1Object2 '2' €€¦)°€‚€‚’ObjectvT2v"€€¦)€‚’Each item on a dimension is an object, and each object is part of a model's basic structure. Objects are used to identify and locate information stored in the model database. The intersection of one object from every dimension defines each cell in a model; Compete! uses the names of these intersecting objects to reference each cell.0v0!Ī0IObject Selector;0;' €€¦)°€‚€‚’Object Selectorc=;c&€€¦)€‚€‚’The object selector is a dialog box from which you can select the objects you want to reference in the formula bar or a text box in a dialog. The object selector is useful when you want to include one or more objects in a cell reference or several cell references in the formula you are writing without typing. 1c1!Ī!-Compete Database<1<' €€¦)°€‚€‚’Compete DatabaseU2<a#€€¦)€‚‚’Each Compete! model has a database, which consists of data and the model structure. The model structure is simply a set of dimensions with labels (objects) on each dimension. Data is stored in this structure, and an object from each of the dimensions is used to identify^Ģ^_^ and locate data in the model.%a%!2;>View0 %0' €€¦)°€‚€‚’ViewŻø0Ż%€€¦)€€‚’Views are windows onto the database. Each view is a two-dimensional slice through the database, which you can use to view data stored in the model, modify the structure of a model, and enter or manipulate data in the database. The basic parts of a view are the dimensions, objects, and cells in the displayed workspace. In each view, the horizontal and vertical axes represent dimensions in the model, and the row and column headings are objects in the database. The intersection of one object from each dimension in the model is a cell, the basic unit of a model. Views have the functionality of a spreadsheet and provide access to all of Compete! Modeler's functions and capabilities. &Ż&!X,Sheet/ &/&€€¦)°€‚€’Sheetą/#€€¦)€‚‚’Compete! Modeler sheets are spreadsheets that provide a scratchpad for your calculations. Although sheets are integral part of a Compete! model, they are not part of the model database. A sheet can contain inputs to and outputs from the model database; unlike views, however, sheets cannot be used to modify the structure of the model. Each sheet is a rectangular grid of 256 columns and 4096 rows; the intersection of each row and column is a spreadsheet cell. Since row and column headings in a sheet do not represent objects in the model database, they cannot be renamed. However, you can copy and paste data and establish dynamic links between sheets and views and vice versa. Sheets have the functionality of a spreadsheet and provide access to Compete! Modeler's powerful tools such as Allocation, Forecast, Response Functions, Goal Seek, Data Tables, and Audit Trail. You can also use the formatting capabilities available in sheets to create presentation quality reports. , ,!’’’’ Active Cell7,C' €€¦)·gćg·g°€‚€‚’Active Cell~YC~%€€¦)€‚€’The active cell is the cell surrounded by a bold border. When a cell is active, its contents appear in the formula bar. Before you can enter or manipulate data in a cell, the cell must first be active. You can change the active cell by clicking another cell with the mouse or using the direction keys to change the position of the cursor.&~&#€€¦)°€‚’%&%!!CellxN%x*&€€¦)°€‚€‚€’CellA view cell is the basic unit of a model. Each of these cells is the intersection of one object from each of the dimensions in a model. You can enter values or formulas in a cell. Data entered into a view is stored in the model database. Sheets also have cells. These cells are the intersection of one row and one column.0x0!’"8Fixed Dimension;0;' €€¦)°€‚€‚’Fixed Dimensioną;"€€¦)€‚’In models that have more than two dimensions, additional dimensions are represented by boxes located between the formula bar and the column headings. Each fixed dimension box represents another dimension in the model. A new model has three dimensions; think of a three-dimensional model as a cube where the three dimensions are height, width, and depth. The object that appears in the fixed dimension box indicates which slice of data from the cube is displayed in the view.%%"€€¦)€‚’- %-!Ź79Fixed Object8-8' €€¦)°€‚€‚’Fixed ObjecteC8e"€€¦)€‚’A fixed object is an object displayed in a fixed dimension box. 1e1!‹8#Fixed Object Box<1<' €€¦)°€‚€‚’Fixed Object Boxš<"€€¦)€‚’The fixed object is an area in a view on top of the column headers surrounded by the global mode icons and the Up/down-arrows, where the fixed object (dimension) is displayeōn0oĆnd. Views of a N-dimensional model have (N-2) fixed object boxes.44!P-HDisplayed Dimension=4=&€€¦)°€‚€’Displayed Dimensionß»=ß$€€¦)€‚‚‚’The row and column headings in a view display the objects on two dimensions of the model. These are the displayed dimensions; one is displayed vertically and the other horizontally.'ß'!”<3Vector2 '2' €€¦)°€‚€‚’Vector;2;!€€¦)€’A one dimensional range.&;&!¤F;Value. &.%€€¦)€‚€’Value&.&#€€¦)°€‚’*&*#€€¦)€‚‚’A value can be text, a number (including a date or time), a logical value (the value TRUE or the value FALSE), or an error value (a value which is preceded by the number sign (#) and signifies that Compete! cannot properly calculate the formula for the cell)., *,!Ž%/Global Cell4,4%€€¦)€‚€’Global Cell&4&#€€¦)°€‚’X5&X#€€¦)€‚‚’Global cells are the cells that appear in a view when one or more dimensions have been globalized. Each global cell represents a multidimensional range which includes all cells defined by every object on each of the global dimensions that intersects with the selected object on the worksheet dimensions. /X/!83.Worksheet Cell7/7%€€¦)€‚€’Worksheet Cell&7&#€€¦)°€‚’]&"€€¦)€‚’Worksheet cells are cells that appear in a view when none of the dimensions is globalized.--*&€€¢MPBł ~‚±€‚’, -,!ŹC&Global Mode4,4%€€¦)€‚€’Global Mode&4&#€€¦)°€‚’ é&"€€¦)€‚’Whenever one or more dimensions in a model have been globalized, the model is in global mode, and the red "LwrwģvGLOBAL" mode message is displayed in the status bar. When you are in worksheet mode, the "GLOBAL" mode message disappears.--*&€€¢MPBł ~‚±€‚’/-/!.JWorksheet Mode7/7%€€¦)€‚€’Worksheet Mode&7&#€€¦)°€‚’‚`&‚"€€¦)€‚’Whenever all dimensions in a model are worksheet dimensions, the model is in worksheet mode. /‚/!</BGlobal Formula:/:' €€¦)°€‚€‚’Global FormulaÓ²:Ó!€€¦)€’Global formulas are entered and stored in global cells. The multidimensional range that a global cell represents defines the scope of the global formula entered in that cell. 1Ó1!ĢACGlobal mode icon919%€€¦)€‚€’Global mode icon&9&#€€¦)°€‚’õ&"€€¦)€‚’The cell or globe icons that appear to the left of each fixed dimension box and to the left of the Terms box are available only when the Global icons option in the Options Workspace dialog box is turned on. Each of these icons represents a dimension in the model. When you click on a cell icon (a small green square), you globalize the dimension it represents, and the worksheet dimension becomes a global dimension. When a dimension is globalized, the cell icon changes to a globe icon (a small red circle). Clicking on a globe icon changes the global dimension back to a worksheet dimension and makes the cell icon reappear. Whenever a globe icon is visible, the model is in global mode and the global mode indicator is visible in the status bar.%%"€€¦)€‚’6%6!mB?Global mode indicatorA6A' €€¦)°€‚€‚’Global mode indicator«‰AÉ"€€¦)€‚’The global mode indicator is the red "GLOBAL" message that appears to the right in the status bar whenever the view is in global mode.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXC €Ģ~-É-*&€€¢MPBł ~‚±€‚’%-%!O,ETerm0 %0' €€¦)°€‚€‚’Termś×0ś#€€¦)€‚‚’A term is an alternative unit of measure in which data entered in a model may be viewed. For example, if you enter cost data in a model in dollar values. Terms encompass a wide variety of user-defined formulas.* ś*!NDFTerms Box5*5' €€¦)°€‚€‚’Terms BoxĀ 5Ā"€€¦)€‚’The terms box is located directly below the first fixed dimension box. In the terms box, you can define and select different measures for viewing your data.-Ā-*&€€¢MPBł ~‚±€‚’. -.!õE<Terms Formula9.9' €€¦)°€‚€‚’Terms FormulaŽm9Ž!€€¦)€’A formula associated with a term. Used to view values in a term and to enter values and formulas in a term.. Ž.!ł$%Formula Scope6.6%€€¦)€‚€’Formula Scope&6&#€€¦)°€‚’oN&o!€€¦)€’A formula's scope is the multidimensional range that is selected when you enter the value or formula in a cell. This is the range of cells where the formula you create is available in the model. You can use the Formula Formula Scope command or the global indicators to select a multi-dimensional range and determine formula scope./o/!v:"External Links7/7%€€¦)€‚€’External Links&7&#€€¦)°€‚’źÅ&ź%€€¢MB‚±€’An external link is an interactive link between two Windows Applications. Compete! can act as a server (provide data to other applications) and as a client (receive data from other applications).)ź)!61(PivotingÖ) +(€€¢MB‚±€€‚‚‚’PivotingReversing the positions of any two dimensions is called pivoting. You can exchange a fixed dimension :‡c‡:‡with a displayed dimension, or you can change how the displayed and fixed dimensions are arranged.* *!$@’’’’WorkspaceśĻ*ś+(€€¢MB‚±€€‚‚‚’WorkspaceThe arrangement of open model windows in your Compete! application window at any time is called a workspace. The workspace is nothing more than the current display in the application window.!ś!!G’’’’’’’’&!&#€€¦)°€‚’)&)!%MKeyboard>)>' €€¦)°€‚€‚’Using the Keyboard> €’MPB=Ē~‚=€ƒ€‚€€ƒą$‰‚€€ƒą1‰‚€€ƒą*‰‚€€ƒąD‰‚€€ƒąA‰‚€€ƒą>‰ą=‰‚€€ƒ‚‚€ƒ€‚€€ƒ‚’F1Start Win-Help.F2Edit Formulabar.F3Brings up the object selector to paste selection.F4Toggle absolute/relative references.F6Toggle Terms.F7Apply Global Formulas to Selection.F8Toggle Selection between a WorkSheet Cell the Global Cell.F9Open Info Window.Ctrl-F4Close the active window.Ctrl-Shift-F6Make previous window active.š€žMPB=Ē~‚=€€ƒ‚€€ƒ‚€€ƒ‚€€ƒ‚€€ƒ‚‚€€ƒ‚€€ƒ‚€€ƒ‚€€ƒą6‰ą5‰‚€€ƒ‚€€ƒ‚€€ƒ‚€€ƒ‚’Ctrl-F6Make next window active.Ctrl-F5Restore window.Ctrl-F7Move the window.Ctrl-F8Resize the window.Ctrl-F10Maximize the window.Ctrl-AArrange all windows.Crtl-CCalculate now.Ctrl-DFill DownCtrl-GSelect a cell to become the active one.Ctrl-LFill LeftCtrl-NToggle between annotaion and formula mode.Ctrl-RFill RightCtrl-UFill UpKāKi¤€€žMPB=Ē~‚=€‚€€ƒ‚€€ƒ‚‚€€ƒ‚€€ƒ‚€€ƒą!‰‚€€ƒą!‰‚€’Ctrl-Shift-FFull Recalc modeCtrl-Shift-PStarts the diagnostic routine.Shift-DelCut selectionDelClear selectionCtrl-InsCopy selection to clipboard.Shift-InsPaste clipboard contents to selection.'KE#€€¦)€‚‚’XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXĒ  + E+!ė L’’’’Procedures2+2$€€¦)°€‚‚’Procedures/”2/Žī€€žMPB=Ē~‚=€€‚įd‰‚įe‰‚įf‰‚įg‰‚įh‰‚įi‰‚įj‰‚įk‰‚įl‰‚€€‚įƒ‰‚į„‰‚į…‰‚į†‰‚’Data Manipulation:Entering data in a cellEntering data in a rangeCreating a rangeChange absulute and relative referencesReferencing cells in a ViewReferencing cells in a SheetReferencing a rangeCopy and Pasting DataDeleting DataExternal Links:Creating Links between ApplicationsImporting Data Into Compete!Exporting Data from Compete!Turning Compete! DDE Links off and on ƒ/ ŠꀀžMPB=Ē~‚=į‡€‰‚€€‚įn‰‚įo‰‚įp‰‚įq‰‚įr‰‚įs‰‚įt‰‚įu‰‚įv‰‚įw‰‚€‚į€‰‚’Disable DDE RequestsGlobal Formulas:Defining Formula ScopeExpanding Formula ScopeShrinking Formula ScopeApplying Global FormulasApplying Global Formulas to cellsApplying Global Formulas to a RangeApplying Global Formulas to its total ScopeUpdate a Global FormulaOverwrite a Global FormulaClear a Global FormulaGlobal Mode:Switch To Global Modeˆ Šꀀ’MPB=Ē~‚=į~€‰‚į€‰‚į‰‚į‚‰‚€€‚įN‰‚įY‰‚įX‰‚įb‰‚įc‰‚€€‚įS‰‚įZ‰‚į[‰‚’Exiting Global ModeWriting Global Formulas in Global ModeApplying Global Formulas in Global ModeDeleting a Global Formula from a ModelModel Loading and Saving:Starting a ModelOpen an Existing ModelSave and Name a ModelClose a ModelSaving the WorkspaceNavigation:Changing the displayed objectChanging a Views OrientationChanging a Sheets Orientation ‹,•ü€€žMPB=Ē~‚=€€‚įO‰‚įP‰‚įR‰‚įQ‰‚įT‰‚įU‰‚įV‰‚įW‰‚į^‰‚€‚įx€‰‚įy‰‚įz‰‚į{‰‚į|‰‚’Structure Editing:Naming DimensionsNaming ObjectsNaming Displayed ObjectsNaming Fixed ObjectsDisplaying all Objects on a Fixed DimensionDelete an ObjectAdding„”·–  an ObjectAdding a DimensionPositioning an object on a DimensionTerm Handling:Create a termDefing how a term is appliedAssigning a format to a termDefining term FormulasView Data in a Term»,Y„€€¢MPB=Ē~‚=į}€‰‚€€‚į_‰‚į`‰‚įa‰‚į\‰‚į]‰‚’Enter Data in a TermViews and Sheets:Naming a View or a SheetWorking with multiple windowsClose a View or a SheetChanging the Column WidthHiding and Showing Objects11!€‚YStarting a Model>1>*&€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚‚’Starting a Model;ü>;?P€€¦)€‚‚€€‚€€‚‚€€‚€‚‚‚’Whenever you want to create a structure tailored to a specific data analysis, you will use a new Compete! file to develop your model. To open a new Compete! file:·Double-click on the Compete! icon in the Main window of the Windows Program Manager if you do not have Compete! running already.Or, if you have another Compete! file open:·Select File New in the Compete! window.A new Compete! model will appear on your computer screen. You are now ready to create your own Compete! structure.ֆ;ÖPr€€¦)€‚€€‚įM‰‚įY‰‚įX‰‚įb‰‚įc‰‚€‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresOpen an Existing ModelSave and Name a ModelClose a ModelSaving the Workspace2Ö2!ęcPNaming Dimensions929$€€¦)°€‚‚’Naming DimensionsÕ9..€€¦)€‚‚€€‚‚‚‚‚’All new Compete! models have three default dimensions. Since the default dimensions contain a limited number of objects, you need to change the number and names of the objects and dimensions in a Compete! model to create the structure you want.To rename a dimension:1.Select an object on the dimension you want to rename.2.Choose Edit Rename Dimension. The Rename Dimension dialog box appears. The current dimension name is displayed in the Dimension box.(ų402€€¦)āåŸw€‚‚‚‚‚€€ƒ‚‚‚’3.Type the new dimension name in the Dimension box.4.Select OK or press enter.The new dimension name will appear in the reference area of the formula bar whenever one of the objects on the dimension is selected.To rename a dimension in global mode:One way to rename a dimension by globalizing the dimension, selecting the dimension name is to globalize it, select the dimension name that is displayed, and then type a new name in the formula bar:1.Globalize the dimension you want to rename.ļ4-,€€¦)€‚‚‚‚€€ƒ‚’2.Select the row heading, column heading, or fixed dimension box where the current dimension name appears.3.Type the new dimension name in the formula bar (press backspace to erase characters if you want to make corrections).Press enter or select the enter box with the mouse.Note:If you make a mistake, you can cancel any changes you have made to a row heading, column heading, or fixed dimension box by pressing escape or clicking the cancel box with the mouse before pressing enter.,,)$€€žMPB=Ē~‚=€‚’Š„,ŠLj€€¦)€‚€€‚įM‰‚įP‰‚įR‰‚įQ‰‚įW‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresNaming ObjectsNaming Displayed ObjectsNaming Fixed ObjectsAdding a Dimension,Š,)$€€¢MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’/,/!ćORNaming Objects6/6$€€¦)°€‚‚’Naming ObjectsĻ¬6Ļ#€€¦)€‚‚’The view that appears when you open a new Compete! model looks like a spreadsheet, however, the row and column headings in a Compete! view are objects in the model database, not just alphanumeric coordinates. You can rename these objects, delete those you do not need, or add more of them to a dimension if there are not enough. Renaming these objects enables you to identify data stored in your model in a meaningful way.’[Ļž7@€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€įQ‰‚įR‰‚‚’You have to distinguish between Naming Fixed Objects Ā„‘§]„and Naming Displayed Objects.喞åOp€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įO‰‚įR‰‚įQ‰‚įU‰‚įV‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresNaming DimensionsNaming Displayed ObjectsNaming Fixed ObjectsDelete an ObjectAdding an Object,å,)$€€¢MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’5,5!cRTNaming Fixed Objects>5>&€€¦)°€‚€’Naming Fixed Objects,>,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’c,cE\€€¦)€€‚ą9‰‚ą8‰‚‚‚ą9‰‚‚€€ƒ‚’To rename a fixed object:1.Display the object you want to rename in the fixed dimension box.2.Select the fixed object.3.Type the new object name in the formula bar (press backspace to erase characters if you want to make corrections).4.Press enter or click the enter box with the mouse. Compete! enters the new object name in the fixed dimension box.Note:If you make a mistake, you can cancel any changes you have made to an object name by pressing escape or clicking the cancel box with the mouse before pressing enter.0c0,*€€žMPB=Ē~‚=€‚€’&0&#€€¦)°€‚’ߐ&ßOp€€¦)€‚įM€‰‚įO‰‚įP‰‚įR‰‚įU‰‚įV‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresNaming DimensionsNaming ObjectsNaming Displayed ObjectsDelete an ObjectAdding an Object,ß,)$€€¢MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’9,9!¦PQNaming Displayed Objects@9@$€€¦)°€‚‚’Naming Displayed Objectså@&5<€€¦)€‚‚€€‚‚‚‚‚€€‚’In Compete!, the formula bar is used for naming, data entry, and editing.To rename an object:1.Select the object you want to rename.2.Type the new object name in the formula bar (press backspace to erase characters if you want to make corrections).3.Press enter or click the enter box with the mouse.Note: If you make a mistake, you can cancel any changes you have made to an object name by pressing escape or clicking Ü­®£­the cancel box with the mouse before pressing enter.,&,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’ŪŒ,ŪOp€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įO‰‚įP‰‚įQ‰‚įU‰‚įV‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresNaming DimensionsNaming ObjectsNaming Fixed ObjectsDelete an ObjectAdding an Object>Ū>!‡ZChanging the displayed objectE!>E$€€¦)°€‚‚’Changing the displayed objectŅE14€€¦)€‚‚€€‚€€‚’By clicking the up/down arrows with the mouse, you can flip forward or backward through the objects (cards) on the dimension (the catalog box). Once you have reached the end of the dimension another click will bring you around to the first object on the dimension. You can think of the objects on a dimension as being arranged in a loop.To advance forward through the list of objects on the dimension:·Click the up/down arrows with the left mouse button. Ę F^€€¦)€‚€€‚€€‚€‚€€‚‚‚ą8‰‚‚‚’To move backward through the list of objects on the dimension:·Click the up/down arrows with the right mouse button.Using the Object List to Change the Fixed Object:You can use the dimension object list to change the fixed object.To use the object list to change a fixed object:1.Double-click the fixed object you want to change with the mouse.2.From the object list that appears, select the object you want to make the fixed object.…; …Jf€€¦)€‚ą9‰‚‚€€‚€‚€‚įM€‰‚įZ‰‚’3.Press enter.Compete! will display the selected object in the fixed dimension box.Tip: When you have many objects on a dimension, it may be easier to change the fixed object by using the object list rather than the up/down arrows.Related topics: Compete! ProceduresChanging a Views OrientationL+…L!ąQUDisplaying all Objects on a Fixed DimensionU/La&€€¦)°€‚€’Displaying all Objects on a Fixed Dimension`·¬·`·,a,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’M,M=L€€¦)€‚‚€ą7‰€‚€€ą9‰‚’When you have finished renaming objects on a fixed dimension, you can check your work by displaying all the objects on the dimension.To display all the objects on a fixed dimension:·Double-click the object displayed in the fixed dimension box with the mouse.ƒYMƒ*&€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚‚’Compete! will display all the objects on the selected fixed dimension in a list box. 7Śƒ7]Œ€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įS‰‚įP‰‚įQ‰‚įR‰‚įU‰‚įV‰‚į^‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresChanging the displayed objectNaming ObjectsNaming Fixed ObjectsNaming Displayed ObjectsDelete an ObjectAdding an ObjectPositioning an object on a Dimension171!TVDelete an Object818$€€¦)°€‚‚’Delete an Objectč84:€€¦)€‚‚€ą0‰€‚‚‚‚‚’You may find you have too many objects on a dimension. Or you may want to remove an object from a dimension because you no longer need the object and the data it represents in your model. Removing objects from your models is a simple procedure in Compete!.To delete an object from a model:1.Select the object you want to delete.2.Choose Edit Delete.Compete! removes the selected object from the dimension; the cells defined by this object are also deleted from the model. ĖTz€€¦)€‚€€‚‚€€‚įM‰‚įP‰‚įQ‰‚įR‰‚įT‰‚’Tip: It is possible to delete several objects from a dimension at the same time. First, create a selection on the dimension which includes the objects you want to delete. Then, choose Edit Delete. Compete! deletes the selected objects from the dimension and the cells they define from the model.Related topics: Compete! ProceduresNaming ObjectsNaming Fixed ObjectsNaming Displayed ObjectsDisplaying all Objects on a Fixed Dimensionk<w/0€€¦)Žäæ@»įV€‰‚į^‰‚’Adding an ObjectPositioning an object on a Dimension1w1! UWAdding an Object616#€€¦)°€‚’Adding an Object.6.*&€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€ƒ‚’=.=:F€€¦)€‚‚€ą0‰ą-‰€‚‚‚‚‚’Often when you are building a new model, you will find you need more objects on a dimension than the default model provides. In Compete!, you can easily increase the number of objects on a dimension.To add an object to a dimension:1.Select an object on the dimension you want to expand.2.Choose Edit Insert or Edit Append.The Edit Insert command inserts an unnamed object before the object currently selected. The Edit Append command inserts an unnamed object after the object currently selected.łŠ=ł)$€€¦)€‚€€‚’Tip: It is possible to add more than one object at a time to a dimension. First, among the objects already on the dimension, create a selection equal to the number of objects you want to add to the dimension. (That is, select three objects if you want to add three objects to the dimension.) Then, choose Edit Insert or Edit Append. The new objects will be added to the dimension before or after the selection of objects, depending on the command you use.,ł,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’¼,V~€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įP‰‚įQ‰‚įR‰‚įU‰‚įW‰‚į^‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresNaming ObjectsNaming Fixed ObjectsNaming Displayed ObjectsDelete an ObjectAdding a DimensionPositioning an object on a Dimension33!ßV^Adding a Dimension:3:$€€¦)°€‚‚’Adding a Dimensionr?:~38€€¦)€‚‚‚€ą-‰€‚‚‚’If you need to include more than three sets of data in your model, add another dimension to your model for each additional set of data you want to include. A Compete! model can have as many as twelve dimensions.Whenever you add a dimension to a mod—ĘŃĘdĘel, you first name it and then determine the number of objects it will contain. Objects on the new dimension must then be renamed.To add a dimension to a model:1.Select Edit Add Dimension.2.Type the name of the new dimension in the Name box (press backspace to erase characters if you want to make corrections).'ż~'*&€€¦)€‚‚€‚€’3.Type the number of objects you want the dimension to contain in the #Objects box.4.Choose OK.A fixed dimension box appears above the formula bar for each dimension you add. The default object names are the dimension name followed by a number .&'&#€€¦)°€‚’§f&§AT€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įO‰‚įV‰‚įW‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresNaming DimensionsAdding an ObjectAdding a Dimension:§:!ŌYbSaving and Naming a ModelA:A$€€¦)°€‚‚’Saving and Naming a ModelO+AO$€€¦)€‚‚‚’Once you have created the basic structure of your Compete! model, you should save the file. The Save command stores your model onto disk. All the information you have entered in the model up until that point is written onto the disk, so that it can be recalled later. Saving a model does not clear the screen, so you can continue working after you save. Save your model often during a work session so that the changes you have made are not lost if the power supply is accidentally cut off, and save your work when you end your Compete! session. : OF..€€¦)€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚‚’The first time you save a model, a dialog box will appear which asks you to provide a name for the model. Compete! will store your model in a file with the name you provide.To save a new model:1.Select File Save.2.Type the name of the file in the Save Model as box (press backspace to erase characters if you want to make corrections).If you want to save the file in a different directory from the one displayed in the dialog box, include the¾Ė ĪCĖ directory path when you type the file name in the Save Model as box.Ł‘FŁHb€€¦)€‚‚‚€€ƒ‚‚€€‚€€‚‚‚€€ƒ‚€’3.Choose OK.You do not need to include the file extension with the name. Compete! provides the correct file extension (mdl) for you.Note:Compete! limits model names to the MSDOS file name convention.To save a file that has already been named:·Select File Save.Compete! saves the file, but no dialog box appears.Note:If you want to rename a file, use the File Save As command. &Ł&#€€¦)°€‚’Å}&ÅHb€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įN‰‚įY‰‚įb‰‚įc‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresStarting a ModelOpen an Existing ModelClose a ModelSaving the Workspace7Å7!+NXOpen an Existing Model@7@&€€¦)°€‚€’Open an Existing Model,@,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’R&,R,*€€¦)€‚‚€€‚‚‚’When you save a new Compete! model, you are asked to give the file a name. Use this name to open the model during later work sessions. For example, if you named a model practice.mdl and you want to work with it again, choose the File Open command and select practice.mdl in the dialog box. Compete! looks in the current drive and directory for the file name practice.mdl.To open an existing Compete! model:1.Select File Open.2.Choose the name of the file you want to open in the Files list box, or type the file name in the File Name box.1R1"€€¦)€‚’3.Select OK.,1,)$€€’MPRA‚:‚±€‚’Ķ€,ŁMl€€¦)€‚€‚€‚įM‰‚įN‰‚įX‰‚įb‰‚įc‰‚’Compete! closes the current file and opens the selected file in the Compete! application window. When the file opens, the application window displays the same configuration of view and sheet windows that you were working with when you last saved the model.Related topics: Compete! ProceduresStarting a ModelSave and =ÖiÖÓName a ModelClose a ModelSaving the Workspace=Ł=!S[Changing a Views OrientationF =F&€€¦)°€‚€’Changing a Views Orientation,F,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’ļ,02€€¦)€‚‚€ąI‰€‚’Two dimensions are always displayed in a view. Objects on one dimension appear as row headings and objects on the other as column headings. However, you may want to change the dimensions that are displayed in a view. For instance, you may want to display the objects on a fixed dimension and fix an object on a displayed dimension. Or you may want to exchange row and column headings with each other. Changing the orientation of a view is easy in Compete!.To pivot two dimensions:Ś±Ś)$€€¦)€‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚’1.Select an object from one of the two dimensions you want to exchange.2.Click the selected object with the right mouse button and hold down.The pointer will turn into a flag that you can drag to a new position.3.Position the flag so that it is centered over an object on the other dimension .When the flag is positioned correctly it will change to reverse video.4.Release the right mouse button to drop the flag on the object over which it is positioned.Compete! will switch the two dimensions. If you pivot a fixed and a displayed dimension, all objects on the fixed dimension will be displayed and the object you moved from the displayed dimension will be a fixed object. If you pivot two fixed dimensions, they will exchange places in the row of fixed dimensions. If you pivot two displayed dimensions, the vertically displayed dimension will head the columns and the horizontally displayed dimension will head the rows instead.׌"?P€€¦)€€ƒ‚€‚€€‚įM‰‚įS‰‚’Note:You can also use the control+left mouse button for all actions assigned to the right mouse button in the procedure outlined above.Related topics: Compete! ProceduresChanging the displayed objectźŽ ąBŲQ""Q/0€€¢MPB=Ē~‚=į[€‰‚’Changing a Sheets Orientation>Q>!įZ_Changing a Sheets OrientationG!>G&€€¦)°€‚€’Changing a Sheets Orientation,G,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’1,102€€¦)€‚‚€€‚‚‚€‚’You can also transpose the rows and columns in a sheet. Then, the numbers that are usually row headings become column headings instead, and the alphabet characters that are usually column headings become row headings instead. Any data stored in the sheet is also transposed.To transpose the row and column headings in a sheet:1.Select a row or column heading.2.Click the selected heading with the right mouse button and hold down.The pointer will turn into a flag that you can drag to a new position.,ž1,..€€¦)€‚‚‚‚‚€€ƒ‚’3.Position the flag so that it is centered over a heading on the opposite dimension .When the flag is positioned correctly it will change to reverse video.4.Release the right mouse button to drop the flag on the heading over which it is positioned Compete! will switch the row and column headings with each other, and all data in the sheet will also be transposed.Note:You can also use the control+left mouse button for all actions assigned to the right mouse button in the procedure outlined above.\,,\02€€¦)€‚€€‚įM‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProcedureswA\w6>€€¢MPB=Ē~‚=įS€‰‚įZ‰‚’Changing the displayed objectChanging a Views Orientation:w:!Ņa]Changing the Column WidthC:C&€€¦)°€‚€’Changing the Column Width,C,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’2,>..€€¦)€‚‚‚‚€‚€‚‚’Object names, text, and values may not be completely visible in a cell. You can fully display an object name, text, or value by changing the column width.The Format Column Width command lets you specify the width of the columns in»ęēę>ę a view or sheet as a number of characters. The standard width of a Compete! column is eight characters.To change the width of a column using the keyboard:1.Select a column or a cell in the column you want to change.2.Select Format Column Width (a dialog box will appear).ę>9D€€¦)€‚‚‚€‚€‚‚‚€€ƒ‚€’3.Type the new column width in the Column Width box.4.Choose OK.To change the width of a column using the mouse:1.Position the pointer over the vertical line at the right of the column heading.2.A vertical bar with double arrows will appear. Drag it to the right to widen the column or to the left to narrow the column.Tip:It is possible to change the width of several columns at once. Select a row of column headings and follow either of the procedures listed above.&&#€€¦)°€‚’V*&V,*€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresP VP02€€¢MPB=Ē~‚=į]€‰‚‚’Hiding and Showing Objects;P;! \dHiding and Showing ObjectsC;C%€€¦)€‚€’Hiding and Showing Objects,C,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’ķ,$€€¦)€‚‚‚’Compete! lets you determine which objects you want to display on a dimension. For example, if you plan to analyze the sales forecast for a company in your model, you may want to create a view that displays only future years on the YEARS dimension.The Options Hide command lets you remove objects from the display. Rows and columns disappear from view to make the display less crowded and more readable. The hidden rows and columns may be brought back at any time with the Show command. ß,*€€¦)€‚€‚€‚‚‚’The Options Show command lets you display objects that you have previously hidden with the Hide command. Rows and Columns reappear in the display. Boths commands are available only when Full Menus are activated.To hide an object from view:1.Select the objeŗģĖīģcts that you want to hide.You may hide several objects from the rows dimension at once or several objects from the columns dimension at once, but you cannot hide objects from the two dimensions at the same time.Ö02€€¦)€‚‚€‚€‚‚‚‚‚‚’2.Choose Options Hide.The objects and their rows or columns will disappear from the view.To show hidden objects:1.Select an object on the dimension that contains the hidden objects you want to display.2.Choose Options Show.A list box that displays the hidden objects on the dimension will appear.3.Select the objects you want to show (press the shift+direction keys or shift+click with the mouse to extend the selection to more than one object).4.Choose OK.›i›26€€¦)€‚€€ƒ‚€€ƒ‚’Compete! will redisplay the selected objects in the view.Note:Only hide objects that are on a displayed dimension can be hidden. However, you can show objects that have been hidden on either a fixed or displayed dimension.Note:Remember that the data for hidden objects is still in your model–no erasure has taken place–and is still used in any calculations that depend upon it. You have merely organized your view, highlighting data for certain objects by hiding others. If you copy and paste a range that includes hidden data, the hidden data will also be copied and pasted to the new location as well.V*›V,*€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresOVO02€€¢MPB=Ē~‚=į\€‰‚‚’Changing the Column WidthE$OE!qWxPositioning an object on a DimensionN(EN&€€¦)°€‚€’Positioning an object on a Dimension,N,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’1,=..€€¦)€‚ƒ‚€€‚‚‚‚’After you have created a structure and begun to enter data into a model, you may decide that you would like to change the position of the objects on a dimension.To reposition objects on a dimension:1.Select the object or group o»öēö(öf objects you want to move and hold down with the right mouse button (or control+click with the left mouse button).2.A flag will appear. Drag it to the name of the object which you want the selected objects to precede.3.When the flag turns to reverse video, release the flag.u=u_€€¦)€‚‚€‚€€‚įM‰‚įP‰‚įQ‰‚įR‰‚įT‰‚įU‰‚įV‰‚’Compete! will reorder the objects and columns and rows of data on the dimension.Related topics: Compete! ProceduresNaming ObjectsNaming Fixed ObjectsNaming Displayed ObjectsDisplaying all Objects on a Fixed DimensionDelete an ObjectAdding an Object9u9!ģ[`Naming a View or a Sheet@9@$€€¦)°€‚‚’Naming a View or a Sheet•s@•"€€¦)€‚’Formatted views and sheets can be stored as part of a model. When you name a view or sheet, it is saved in its own window within the model. All the format changes you have made to the view or sheet are saved as well–the orientation, hidden and displayed objects, column widths and row heights, fonts, alignment, borders, shading, number formatting, and data displayed in terms. When you open a named view or sheet it appears in its own window, and the data is displayed in the same orientation and format as when you named it. Every time you want to save changes to a view or sheet, use the Window Name Window command. Ž’•ŽLj€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚‚‚‚‚€€‚įM‰‚į`‰‚įa‰‚‚’To name a view or sheet:1.Make the window you want to name the active model window.2.Select Window Name Window.3.Type the view or sheet name into the Window Name box.4.Choose OK.The dialog box will disappear, and the title bar in the view or sheet window will display the window's new name.Related topics: Compete! ProceduresWorking with multiple windowsClose a View or a Sheet>Ž>! _aWorking with multiple windowsG!>S&€€¦)°€‚€’Working with multiple …’Ć’…’windows¾’S¾,*€€¦)€‚‚‚€€‚‚’Each Compete! model consists of an essentially unlimited number of views and sheets. Since each view or sheet exists in its own window, it is possible to have several views and sheets open in the Compete! application window at the same time. All the windows displayed in the Compete! application window are part of the same model. Only one Compete! model can be active in the application window at a time.Opening a New WindowA new window can be a view or a sheet window. When you open a new window, an untitled view or sheet appears in the Compete! application window. New views and sheets are formatted according to standard Compete! settings.Ę¾Kh€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚‚‚€€‚‚‚‚‚‚€€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚’To open a new view:1.Select Window New Window.2.Choose View.3.Select OK.To open a new sheet:1.Select Window New Window.2.Choose Sheet.3.Select OK .An untitled view or sheet will appear in the application window.Opening a Named WindowAfter you have opened a file, you can open any named views or sheets you have saved as part of the model.To open a named view:1.Select Window Open Window.2.Choose View in the Window dialog box.ę+9D€€¦)€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚‚‚‚‚€€‚‚’3.Select the named view you want to open in the Named Views list.4.Choose OK.To open a named sheet:1.Select Window Open Window.2.Choose Sheet in the Window dialog box.3.Select the named worksheet you want to open in the Named Sheets list.4.Choose OK.Compete! will open and display the selected view or sheet in the application window.Arranging WindowsEach model window you open becomes the active window and appears on top of the view or sheet previously displayed in the application window. Even if the new window covers the other windows that were open, they have not been closed. They are simply hidden behind the last window you opened. All open views and sheets in a model are listed under the Window menu by namŌå…’e.Ļ+5<€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚‚‚‚€€‚’To activate an open view or sheet:1.Select the Window menu.2.In the Window menu list, Choose the view or sheet you want to make the active model window.The view or sheet you select will appear on top of the other open windows in the Compete! application window.It is also possible to arrange open views and sheets so they are all visible in the application window at the same time.To display open views and sheets together in the application window:¼Š¼26€€¦)€€‚‚‚€€ƒ‚€’·Select Window Arrange All.The open view and sheet windows will shrink and Compete! will arrange them so that all the open model windows are visible in the application window.Tip:You can maximize a view or sheet window, so that it fills the whole Compete! window, by clicking on the maximize arrow, selecting Maximize from the system menu, or double-clicking on the window title bar.&¼&#€€¦)°€‚’›`&›;H€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚į_‰‚įa‰‚‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresNaming a View or a SheetClose a View or a Sheet8›8!`\Close a View or a SheetA8A&€€¦)°€‚€’Close a View or a Sheet,A,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’; ,;26€€¦)€‚‚€€‚ƒ‚‚‚‚€’During a work session, you may want to close a view or sheet that you have opened.To close an open model window:1.Make the view or sheet you want to close the active model window.2.Select the Control menu box of the window you have made active (this is the box containing a hyphen in the upper-left corner of the window's title bar).3.Choose Close.The view or sheet window will close but the model will remain open in the application window. The view or sheet will no longer be listed under the Window menu.&;&#€€¦)°€‚’ŌŒ&ąHb€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įb‰‚įc‰‚į_‰‚į`‰‚’Related topics: Compete! Procq—‘ eduresClose a ModelSaving the WorkspaceNaming a View or a SheetWorking with multiple windows,ą,)$€€¢MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’. ,.!sXcClose a Model7.7&€€¦)°€‚€’Close a Model,7,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’Ģ’,Ģ:F€€¦)€‚ƒƒ‚€€‚‚‚‚€€ƒ‚€’When you complete a work session with Compete! you will want to save the changes you made to the model and close the file.To close a Compete! model:1.Select File Save.2.Choose the Compete! application window Control menu box (this is the box containing a hyphen in the upper-left corner of the window's title bar).3.Select the Close command.Note:If you try to close your model before saving your changes, Compete! will ask if you want to save the changes you have made to the model. If you have not made any changes to the model before since your previous save, Compete! will close the model without asking if you want to save the changes.&Ģ&#€€¦)°€‚’š &šPr€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įN‰‚įY‰‚įX‰‚įc‰‚įa‰‚‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresStarting a ModelOpen an Existing ModelSave and Name a ModelSaving the WorkspaceClose a View or a Sheet5š5!wbOSaving the Workspace>5>&€€¦)°€‚€’Saving the Workspace,>,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’Ųw,Ųa”€€¦)€ąJ‰ąJ‰‚‚€€‚įM‰‚įN‰‚įY‰‚įX‰‚įb‰‚į`‰‚‚’Every time you save and close a Compete! model, Compete! automatically saves the workspace as well. The next time you open the file, the Compete! workspace will appear as it did when you last saved the model.Related topics: Compete! ProceduresStarting a ModelOpen an Existing ModelSave and Name a ModelClose a ModelWorking with multiple windows8Ų8!K]eEntering data in a cellA8M&€€¦)°€‚€’Entering data in a cÅell$ųM$,*€€¦)€‚‚‚€€‚‚’To enter data in a cell, you must first select the cell to make it active. When a cell is active, all actions are applied to the cell, and you can format or enter data in the cell. You then type data for the active cell in the formula bar and enter the data in the cell. In Compete!, you use the formula bar for all naming, data entry, and editing.To enter data in a cell:1.Use the direction keys to select the cell where you want to enter data, or click with the mouse on the cell you want.õĒ$õ..€€¦)€‚‚‚‚‚‚€€‚’2.Type the data for the active cell in the formula bar (press backspace to erase characters if you want to make corrections).3.Press enter or click the enter box with the mouse.Compete! enters the data in the cell!If you make a mistake, you can cancel any data you have entered in the formula bar by pressing escape or clicking the cancel box with the mouse. Compete! will erase the data from the formula bar and the cell.Tip: The formula bar is inactive whenever the enter and cancel boxes do not appear. If you select a cell and begin typing or editing cell data, the formula bar becomes active. You can also activate the formula bar by pressing F2 or clicking in the formula bar with the mouse.|Oõ|-,€€¦)€‚€€ƒ‚€’Note:Most of the commands on menus will be grayed when the formula bar is active. Grayed commands are not available until you complete or cancel the entry in the formula bar. If you are trying to work in a view or sheet and many of the commands you want to choose are grayed, check to make sure the formula bar is not active.&|&#€€¦)°€‚’ ¼& Op€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įe‰‚įg‰‚įh‰‚įi‰‚įl‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresEntering data in a rangeChange absulute and relative referencesReferencing cells in a ViewReferencing cells in a SheetDeleting Data9 E!¢dfEnterinĶŲŲg data in a rangeBEB&€€¦)°€‚€’Entering data in a range,B,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’čŗ,č..€€¦)€‚‚€€‚‚‚‚‚’Once you have designated a range that includes the cells where you want enter data, you can quickly enter data in the view or sheet.To enter data in a range:1.Type the data for the first cell in the formula bar (press backspace to erase characters if you need to make a correction).2.Press enter or click the enter box with the mouse to enter the data in the cell.3.Press enter again to move to the next cell in the selection.A value will appear in the first cell and the active cell will move down the first column to the bottom of the range. If you continue to press enter the active cell will move to the top cell of the second column of the range, and so on until the range is full.ė¾čė-,€€¦)€‚€€ƒ‚€’Note:You can also use these procedures with multiple selections. Use control+tab to move to the next area in a multiple selection and control+shift+tab to move to the previous area.&ė&#€€¦)°€‚’ö§&öOp€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įd‰‚įf‰‚įg‰‚įj‰‚įl‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresEntering data in a cellCreating a rangeChange absulute and relative referencesReferencing a rangeDeleting Data1ö1!“egCreating a range:1:&€€¦)°€‚€’Creating a range,:,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’×,-,€€¦)€‚‚€€‚‚‚‚’Before entering any data, first designate the range in which you want to enter data.To create a range:1.Select the cell in the upper left-hand corner of the desired range.2.While holding the shift key down use the direction keys to extend the selection to the group of cells you want in the range.With the mouse hold the left mouse button down, and drag through the cells you want or shift+click on the cell in the lower, right-hand corner ofå%&z% the desired range.öÓö#€€¦)€‚‚’Once you have selected a range, you can move among cells in the range and still keep the cells selected by using the keys in the following table. Using the direction keys in a range will undo the selection.é“öé5<€€žMPB’~‚€ƒ‚€ƒ‚ƒ‚ƒ‚ƒ‚’KeystrokeActionenterMove down one cell in the selectionshift+enterMove down one cell in the selectiontabMove right one cellshift+tabMove left one cell in the selection-é-*&€€’MPB’~„ꀂ’ą˜-ąHb€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įe‰‚įf‰‚įg‰‚įj‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresEntering data in a rangeCreating a rangeChange absulute and relative referencesReferencing a rangeH'ąH!ÖfhChange absolute and relative referencesM*HM#€€¦)°€‚’Change absolute and relative references–^M–8B€€¦)€ƒ‚‚‚€ą*‰€€‚‚‚‚’You can use the Formula Reference command to quickly change the reference format of a cell to absolute, mixed, or relative format. The Formula Reference command will switch the initial reference format of the object, column, or row selected to its opposite.To change relative or absolute references:1.Select the cell containing the reference you want to change.2.In the formula bar, select the reference or references you want to change.3.Choose Formula Reference or press F4 as many times as necessary to change the reference to the desired combination of absolute and relative references.Æ…–»*&€€¦)€‚€€ƒ‚’ Note:It is important to remember that the objects not displayed in underspecified references are relative references–even if the displayed objects have been made absolute. To make an absolute reference to a specific cell in the database, you must insert an absolute sign ($) before every object that defines the cell. You can do this by typing in the formula bar the objects that are currently not displaye¢+8. +d in the reference and then inserting a dollar sign before each object in the reference. You can also use the Formula Reference command to make an absolute reference to a specific cell in the database. Select the reference you want to change in the formula bar and then choose Formula Reference. Compete! will add the missing objects that define the cell to the reference and switch the reference format of all the objects from relative to absolute. Press enter to update the cell.,»,)$€€žMPB=Ē~‚=€‚’Ä,ÄE\€€¦)€‚€€‚įM‰‚įh‰‚įi‰‚įj‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresReferencing cells in a ViewReferencing cells in a SheetReferencing a range<Ä<!hgiReferencing cells in a ViewE<E&€€¦)°€‚€’Referencing cells in a ViewåĄEå%€€¦)€‚‚‚‚’Every cell in a Compete! structure is defined by a unique multidimensional description. Since cells in the database are the intersection of individual objects from each of the dimensions in a model, they are referenced by the names of those intersecting objects and not alphanumeric coordinates.A special syntax is used to refer to cells in a Compete! structure. The names of the intersecting objects from the model that define the cell are listed in a series and separated by periods. Numeric object names such as years (1987, 1988, etc.) should be preceded by a single quotation mark ('). This quotation mark tells Compete! that the following text is an object name and not a constant number.śÕå%€€¦)€‚‚‚‚’Compete! uses a shortened form of specification when referencing cells in formulas. If the cell you reference in a formula shares objects with the cell in which you are entering the formula, you do not need to include these shared objects in the cell reference. Underspecification means that a reference includes only those objects that are different between the two cells in question, and not thed3I6ć2 objects they have in common.When an address is underspecified, Compete! automatically adopts an object for each of the missing dimensions from the cell where you are typing the formula to complete any cell references during calculation. These shared objects, however, are not displayed as part of the cell reference.7 7*&€€¦)€€‚€‚‚’the two cells in question differ.Underspecifying references can be a great time saver when you are entering formulas. In short, cell references in Compete! can have from one to twelve (if there are twelve dimensions in your model) objects, separated by periods.,7,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’™_,™:F€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įi‰‚įj‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresReferencing cells in a SheetReferencing a range=™=!hjReferencing cells in a SheetF =F&€€¦)°€‚€’Referencing cells in a Sheet ßF -,€€¦)€‚‚‚‚‚€€‚’Since sheets are independent of the model database, they provide a scratchpad for your calculations and reports–they are do not use the view reference style.Each column in a sheet has an alphabetic heading and each row a numeric heading. Since sheet cells are the intersection of one row and one column, they are referenced by their coordinates rather than object names. Cell referencing in sheets follows the style A1, B1, C1, A2, B2, C2, and so on.Related topics: „M „7@€€¦)įM€‰‚įh‰‚įj‰‚‚’Compete! ProceduresReferencing cells in a ViewReferencing a range4„4!bikReferencing a range;4;$€€¦)°€‚‚’Referencing a range@;L+(€€¦)€‚‚€€ƒ‚’Compete! uses the names of two corner cells to create a reference to a range. The first half of a range reference is the name of the cell in the upper-left corner of the range, and the second half is the name of the cell in the lower-right corner of the range. T’>Ķ>^>hese two names are listed together and separated by a colon.Note:Like cell references, a range reference can be absolute, mixed, or relative. All rules and procedures that apply to absolute, mixed, and relative cell references apply to range references as well.§iL§>N€€¦)€‚€€‚įM‰‚įh‰‚įi‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresReferencing cells in a ViewReferencing cells in a Sheet6§6!jlCopy and Pasting Data;6;#€€¦)°€‚’Copy and Pasting Data Ś; 02€€¦)€ƒ‚‚‚€‚€‚‚‚‚’Often, you will want to enter the same values and formulas in several cells in the model. An easy way to avoid duplicating effort, is to use Compete!'s copy and paste features.To copy and paste data from one group of cells to another:1.Select the cell or group of cells that contain the values or formulas you want to copy.2.Choose Edit Copy.Compete! stores the copied data in the clipboard.3.Select the cell or group of cells where you want to paste the data.é 4:€€¦)€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚‚‚‚‚€’4.Choose Edit Paste.Compete! pastes the data from the clipboard into the selected cells.To move values or formulas from one group of cells to another:1.Select the cell or range of cells that contain the values or formulas you want to move.2.Choose Edit Cut.The data disappears from the selection and stored in the clipboard.3.Select the cell or range of cells where you want to place the data.4.Choose Edit Paste.The data will reappear in the new location you have selected.Õ®Õ' €€¦)€‚€ƒ‚’Note:If you copy and paste a range of data that includes hidden data, the hidden data will also be copied and pasted to the new location you have selected in the model.,Õ,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’wD,w38€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įd‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresEntering data in a cell. w<!PknDeleting DataXXŠG HŠG3<3#€€¦)°€‚’Deleting Data.3.*&€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€ƒ‚’ȍ.Č;H€€¦)€‚‚€€‚‚‚‚‚‚‚€€ƒ‚€’Compete! gives you several ways to delete data you have entered in a cell, range, or multiple selection.To delete data from a cell or group of cells:1.Select the cell or group of cells that contain the data you want to delete from the model.2.Choose Edit Clear or press the delete key.3.Select the Formulas option button.4.Choose OK.Compete! erases the data in the cell, range, or multiple selection.Note:You can also use the Edit Clear command or the delete key to remove formats and notes in the selection. If you choose the option All in the Edit Clear dialog box, Compete! will remove all data, formats and notes in the selection.&Č&#€€¦)°€‚’™_&™:F€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įd‰‚įe‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresEntering data in a cellEntering data in a range,™,)$€€¢MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’!,!!G’’’’’’’’&!&#€€¦)°€‚’7&7!loDefining Formula Scope@7@&€€¦)°€‚€’Defining Formula Scope,@,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’'ž,')$€€¦)€ąG‰‚‚’Every value or formula you enter, whether it is a global or a worksheet formula, has a certain scope. The scope of a formula tells Compete! where the value or formula is available for use in a model.For instance, if the scope of a sales formula is limited to one cell, then that is the only cell in the model where the formula is available for use. If the scope includes all Sales cells in the model, then the formula is available for use in every cell in the model that is defined by the object Sales.b4'n..€€¦)€‚€€ƒ‚‚€’Note:Scope determines only where it is possible to use the formula in a model. Before you can use any global formula you create, you must first apply the f M1OgLormula to a selection of cells. Worksheet formulas are automatically applied to the active cell when you enter the formula in the formula bar.&n&#€€¦)°€‚’¼z&¼BV€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įo‰‚įp‰‚įq‰‚‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresExpanding Formula ScopeShrinking Formula ScopeApplying Global Formulas8¼8!npExpanding Formula ScopeA8A&€€¦)°€‚€’Expanding Formula Scope,A,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’-’,-..€€¦)€‚‚€€‚‚‚‚‚’Any worksheet formula can be changed to a global formula, by expanding its scope. Before you can expand a formula's scope, however, Full Menus must be activated. To expand formula scope:1.Select the cell that contains the formula whose scope you want to expand.2.Choose Formula Formula Scope.A dialog box appears in which you can change the formula's scope:3.In the Worksheet Dimension box, select the object that belongs to the dimension on which you wat the formula to be available for all object.µ-µ&€€¦)€‚‚‚‚‚’When an objected is highlighted, Compete! displays the dimension it is on below the Worksheet Dimension box.4.Click the "«" button with the mouse.5.Repeat steps 4 and 5 for each dimension on which you want the formula to be available for all objects.6.When you are finished shifting dimensions to the Global Dimension box, choose OK.If you make a mistake shifting objects to the Global Dimension box, select the dimension in the Global Dimensions box that you want to shift back to the Worksheet Dimensions box. Click the "»" button with the mouse. In the list that appears, choose the object you want to reappear in the Worksheet Dimension box.§yµ³..€€¦)€‚€€ƒ‚‚€’Note:Expanding the scope of a formula does not affect cells where the value or formula is already applied. The number of cells in the model where the formula is already active does not change eithSTWQer. When you transform a worksheet formula into a global formula, you do not enter the formula in any other cells in the model; you only redefine the scope the formula. &³&#€€¦)°€‚’¹x&¹AT€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įn‰‚įp‰‚įq‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresDefining Formula ScopeShrinking Formula ScopeApplying Global Formulas8¹8!•oqShrinking Formula Scope?8?$€€¦)°€‚‚’Shrinking Formula ScopeI?I..€€¦)€‚‚€€‚‚‚‚‚’You can also change the scope of a global formula so that it is available in fewer cells in a model. Before you can shrink a formula's scope, however, Full Menus must be activated.To shrink the scope of a global formula:1.Select a cell where the formula whose scope you want to change is applied.2.Choose Formula Formula Scope.The Set Formula Scope dialog box will appear:3.To limit formula scope to a single object on a dimension where it is currently true for all objects, select the dimension in the Global Dimension box. ßI26€€¦)€‚‚‚‚€ƒƒ€‚€‚’4.Click the "»" button with the mouse.5.In the dimension object list that appears, select the object for which you want the formula to be true.6.Repeat steps 3 through 5 until you have finished deleting the dimensions you want from the Global Dimensions box and entering the objects you want in the Worksheet Dimensions box.7.Choose OK.A new formula scope is defined, and the selected formula will be available only in cells that are included in this smaller range.×®×)$€€¦)€€ƒ‚€’Note:Whenever you shrink the scope of a formula, Compete! removes the formula from the cells where it has been applied that are no longer included in the formula scope.&×&#€€¦)°€‚’»y&ĒBV€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įn‰‚įo‰‚įq‰‚‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresDefining Formula ScopeExpanding Formula SB_h_šYcopeApplying Global Formulas9Ē9!ÅprApplying Global FormulasB9B&€€¦)°€‚€’Applying Global Formulas,B,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’ŗ˜,ŗ"€€¦)€‚’Before you can use a global formula in the model, you must apply the formula to cells in the multidimensional range defined by the formula's scope. BŗB02€€žMPB=Ē~‚=€‚€€‚’Distinguish:°zB°6>€€¦)įr€‰‚įs‰‚įt‰‚’Applying Global Formulas to cellsApplying Global Formulas to a RangeApplying Global Formulas to its total Scope0°0,*€€žMPB=Ē~‚=€‚€’&0&#€€¦)°€‚’Ķ&Op€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įu‰‚įv‰‚įw‰‚į€‰‚į‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresUpdate a Global FormulaOverwrite a Global FormulaClear a Global FormulaWriting Global Formulas in Global ModeApplying Global Formulas in Global ModeB!B!lqsApplying Global Formulas to cellsK%BK&€€¦)°€‚€’Applying Global Formulas to cells,K,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’Š,14€€¦)€‚€‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚€’To apply a global formula to a cell:1.Select the cell where you want to use the global formula.2.Choose Formula Apply Formula.The Apply Formula dialog box appears.3.Select the Global Formula option button.4.From the global formula list that appears, choose the formula you want to use in the cell.5.Choose Apply.6.Select OK.A calculated value will appear in the selected cell. Select the cell to display the active global formula in the formula bar.&&#€€¦)°€‚’€#&Œ]Œ€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įq‰‚įs‰‚įt‰‚įu‰‚įv‰‚į€‰‚į‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresApplying Global FormulasApplying Global Formulas to a RangeApplying Global Formulas to its total ScopeUpdate a Global FormulaOverwrite a Global Formula®fŌfōcWriting Global Formulas in Global ModeApplying Global Formulas in Global ModeD#ŒD!”rtApplying Global Formulas to a RangeK'DK$€€¦)°€‚‚’Applying Global Formulas to a Range1K1..€€¦)€‚‚€€‚‚‚‚‚’It is also possible to apply a global formula to a range of cells that is included in the formula scope. You can use the Formula Apply Formula command to apply a global formula to several cells at the same time.To apply a global formula to a range of cells:1.Select the range of cells where you want to apply the global formula.2.Choose Formula Apply Formula.3.Select the Global Formula option button.4.From the global formula list that appears, choose the formula you want to use in the selected cells."ö1",*€€¦)€‚‚‚€€ƒ‚’5.Choose Apply.6.Select OK.Note:When a range is selected and you use the Formula Apply Formula command, the list that appears in the dialog box includes the possible formulas for all cells in the range. Although these formulas appear together, they are not all available in every cell. If you choose to apply a formula whose scope does not include every cell in the selected range, Compete! will apply the chosen formula only to those cells that are included in the selected formula's scope.ÖŖ"Ö,*€€¦)€‚€€‚€’Tip:You can apply as many formulas in a range as you like during one work session with the Apply Formula dialog box. After you have selected and applied one global formula, do not select OK. Choose another formula from the Global Formula list box and select Apply again. Compete! will activate each formula you choose in the cells that are a part of its scope. When you have finished applying formulas, select OK.&Ö&#€€¦)°€‚’~!&Š]Œ€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įq‰‚įr‰‚įt‰‚įu‰‚įv‰‚į€‰‚į‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresApplying Global FormulasApplying Global Formulas to cello>o`hsApplying Global Formulas to its total ScopeUpdate a Global FormulaOverwrite a Global FormulaWriting Global Formulas in Global ModeApplying Global Formulas in Global Mode,Š,)$€€¢MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’M,,M!ģsuApplying Global Formulas to its Entire ScopeV0MV&€€¦)°€‚€’Applying Global Formulas to its Entire Scope,V,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’Ź,6>€€¦)€ąG‰‚‚€‚€‚‚‚‚‚‚’Sometimes you may want to apply a global formula to every cell that is included in the formula scope.To apply a global formula to the multidimensional range defined by its scope:1.Select a cell where the global formula you want to apply is active.2.Choose Formula Formula Scope.3.Change the scope of the selected formula if you want.4.Select the Apply option box.An X will appear in the option box; this means the option is active.5.Choose OK.S..€€¦)€‚€‚€ƒ‚€’Compete! will apply the global formula to every cell included in the formula scope.Note:A counter in the reference area of the formula bar indicates when Compete! has finished setting a global formula. Because Compete! performs its calculations in the background, you can continue to work while Compete! applies a global formula.&&#€€¦)°€‚’v&v]Œ€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įq‰‚įr‰‚įs‰‚įu‰‚įv‰‚į€‰‚į‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresApplying Global FormulasApplying Global Formulas to cellsApplying Global Formulas to a RangeUpdate a Global FormulaOverwrite a Global FormulaWriting Global Formulas in Global ModeApplying Global Formulas in Global Mode8v8!–tvUpdate a Global FormulaA8A&€€¦)°€‚€’Update a Global Formula,A,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’Ž,02€€¦)€‚‚€€‚‚‚‚‚‚‚’Often, you will want to change a global formula you have entered in your mYw…wąvodel. Compete! lets you modify global formulas easily.To update a global formula:1.Select a cell where the global formula you want to modify is applied.2.Press F2 or click in the formula bar with the mouse to enter Edit mode.3.Make the changes you want to the formula.4.Press enter or click the enter box with the mouse.A dialog box appears.5.Choose the Update global formula option button.׉×Nn€€¦)€‚‚‚€€‚įM‰‚įq‰‚įv‰‚į€‰‚į‰‚’6.Select OK.Compete! rewrites the global formula, and the modified formula is entered in any cells where the formula is already applied. Compete! recalculates these cells on the basis of the updated formula.Related topics: Compete! ProceduresApplying Global FormulasOverwrite a Global FormulaWriting Global Formulas in Global ModeApplying Global Formulas in Global Mode;×;!ŚuwOverwrite a Global FormulaD;D&€€¦)°€‚€’Overwrite a Global Formula,D,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’2,2-,€€¦)€‚‚€‚€‚‚‚’Within a range where you have applied a global formula, sometimes you will want to calculate certain cells differently from the others. Compete! lets you overwrite global formulas you have applied to a selection of cells without modifying the global formula or its scope.To overwrite a global formula in a cell:1.Select the cell which contains the global formula you want to overwrite.2.In the formula bar, type the new data you want entered in the cell.3.Press enter or click the enter box with the mouse.O226€€¦)€‚‚‚‚‚‚€€ƒ‚€’The Overwrite Global Formula dialog box appears:4.Choose the Enter worksheet formula option button.5.Select OK.Compete! writes a new worksheet formula and applies it to the selected cell. The global formula previously active in the cell and its scope remain unchanged. It is still available for you to use in the cell if you change your mind.Note:Whenever you apply a!|S~v{ global formula to a cell where you have entered a Worksheet Formula, Compete! overwrites the worksheet formula and stores it in the model database. You can reapply worksheet formulas to a cell or group of cells by using the Formula Apply Formula command. Follow the same procedures you would use to apply a global formula to a cell or range, but select the Worksheet Formula option button in the Apply Formula dialog instead of the Global Formula option button.&&#€€¦)°€‚’Jō&JV~€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įq‰‚įu‰‚įw‰‚į€‰‚į‰‚į‚‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresApplying Global FormulasUpdate a Global FormulaClear a Global FormulaWriting Global Formulas in Global ModeApplying Global Formulas in Global ModeDeleting a Global Formula from a Model7J7!°vClear a Global Formula@7@&€€¦)°€‚€’Clear a Global Formulaå@9D€€¦)€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚‚‚‚‚€€ƒ‚’You can clear global formulas from a selection just as you would clear data from a cell or range.To clear a global formula from a selection:1.Select the cell or group of cells which contain the global formulas you want to delete from the view.2.Choose Edit Clear or press delete.3.Select the Formulas option button.4.Choose OK.Compete! will erase all formulas, worksheet and global, from the selected cells or range.Note:When you clear a global formula from a cell or range, you do not delete the global formula from the model database: you only undo its application in the selection. To delete a global formula from the model, you must delete the formula from the global cell where it is entered in the model database. Ą'Sx€€¦)€‚€€‚įM‰‚įq‰‚įu‰‚įv‰‚įw‰‚į‚‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresApplying Global FormulasUpdate a Global FormulaOverwrite a Global FormulaClear a Global FormulaDeleting a Global Formula from a ModelXXXXXXXXå† ˆ ˆ. '.!^yCreate a term7.7&€€¦)°€‚€’Create a termK7K02€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚€€‚’To create a new term:a6Ka+(€€¦)€‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚’1.Select Formula Set Term or double-click on the Terms box with the mouse.A dialog box will appear:The term that Compete! is currently using as a unit of measure will be highlighted in the Selected Term list box. 2.Choose Options.3.Select Add.A new term is added to the list box, and Compete! provides a default name for the term.4.Type the name you have chosen for the new term in the Term box.5.Choose Rename or press enter.6.Select OK.The name of the new term you created and selected in the Terms dialog box will appear in the Terms box in your view.-a--,€€¦)€‚€€ƒ‚€’Note:Although you have just added a new term to the list of terms you can use to display data in your model, you have not yet defined the new term as a specific unit of measure. Defining a term is similar to writing a formula in a view or sheet. &-&#€€¦)°€‚’ż®&żOp€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įy‰‚įz‰‚į{‰‚į|‰‚į}‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresDefing how a term is appliedAssigning a format to a termDefining term FormulasView Data in a TermEnter Data in a Term,ż,)$€€¢MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’=,=!TxzDefing how a term is appliedF =F&€€¦)°€‚€’Defing how a term is appliedŖyF¶14€€¦)€‚€€‚€€‚‚’When you create a new term, it need not be applied to all objects. To apply a term selectively, you have two options: inclusion (specifying the objects that will be displayed in the new term) and exclusion (specifying the objects that will not be displayed in the new term). If no objects have been specified as either inclusions or exclusions, Compete! applies the selected term to all data in the model.ExclusionsAn exclu֍Ž™sion is an object that should not be displayed in the unit of measure defined by the term. For example, you would not want to express data about the number of units sold as a percentage of sales.: ¶:/0€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚‚‚‚‚’To specify objects that should not be displayed in terms of the unit of measure you have created: 1.Choose Formula Set Term or double-click on the Terms box and then, in the dialog box that appears, select the term for which you want to specify a list of exclusions.2.If the Options section of the Terms dialog box is not visible, choose Options.3.Select the Exclude option button.4.Choose Change.A second dialog box will appear:The Exclusions dialog box lists the objects which contain data that will not be displayed in the unit of measure defined by the selected term. If no exclusions or inclusions have been specified, the list will be empty and all data in the model will be displayed in the unit of measure defined by the selected term whenever it is applied.‰b:‰' €€¦)€‚‚‚‚‚‚’5.To add an exclusion to the list, choose Add.6.In the object selector that appears, select the objects you want to exclude from use with the term, and choose OK after each selection.7. When you have finished adding objects to the exclusion list, select Close, and the object selector will disappear.8.In the Exclusions dialog box, choose OK.9.In the Terms dialog box, select OK.The name of the new term you created and selected in the Terms dialog box will appear in the Terms box in your view. Any data in the model that is defined by the objects in the Exclusions list will be displayed in No Term.^2‰j,*€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚‚’InclusionsAn inclusion is an object that should be displayed in the unit of measure defined by the term. For example, you may want to express actual data (but no other type of data) in terms of its variance to budget data. In this case, you would specify the object Actual as an inclusion.To specify objects tha ”•–™t should be displayed in terms of the unit of measure you have created: 1.Choose Formula Set Term or double-click on the Terms box and then, in the dialog box that appears, select the Term for which you want to specify a list of inclusions.ųj&€€¦)€‚‚‚‚‚’2.If the Options section of the Terms dialog box is not visible, choose Options.3.Select the Include option button.4.Choose Change.A second dialog box will appear: The Inclusions dialog box lists the objects which contain data that will be displayed in the unit of measure defined by the selected term. If no inclusions or exclusions have been specified, the list will be empty and all data in the model will be displayed in the unit of measure defined by the selected term whenever it is applied.f*&€€¦)€‚‚‚‚‚‚€’5.To add an inclusion to the list, choose Add.6.In the object selector that appears, select the objects you want to include for use with the term, and choose OK after each selection.7. When you are finished adding objects to the inclusions list, select Close, and the object selector will disappear.8.In the Inclusions dialog box, choose OK.9.In the Terms dialog box, select OK.The name of the new term you created and selected in the Terms dialog box will appear in the Terms box in your view. Any data in the model that is not defined by the objects in the Inclusions list will be displayed in No Term.&&#€€¦)°€‚’īŸ&īOp€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įx‰‚įz‰‚į{‰‚į|‰‚į}‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresCreate a termAssigning a format to a termDefining term FormulasView Data in a TermEnter Data in a Term,ī,)$€€¢MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’=,=!Zy{Assigning a format to a termF =F&€€¦)°€‚€’Assigning a format to a termŒiF˜#€€¦)€‚‚’You may find that you want to assign a special format to a term to highlight or clarify the unit of measure*ŸpŸķž defined by the term. For example, you might want data displayed in terms of percentage of sales to have the built-in Compete! format 0.00%. It is also possible to format data expressed in a particular term so that it appears in a special color. Formats like these are helpful if certain data in your model are excluded from use with a term or if a limited portion of data is included for use with a term, and you want to avoid mistaking data that are expressed differently from most data in the model.Ū˜-,€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚‚‚’To assign a format to a term:1.Choose Formula Set Term, or double-click on the Terms box with the mouse.2.In the dialog box that appears, select the term to which you want to assign a format from the Select Term list box.3.If the Options section of the Terms dialog box is not visible, choose Options.The Format section of the Terms dialog box lists the current format assigned to the term. The default format for each term is the built-in Compete! format General.ńÉń("€€¦)€‚‚‚‚‚‚‚’4.In the Format section of the dialog box, select Change.The Format dialog box will appear:5.Select the format you want to assign to the term from the Format Number list, or type the desired format in the Format box.6.Choose OK.7.In the Terms dialog box, select OK.The name of the term you selected in the Terms dialog box will appear in the Terms box and all data expressed in the unit of measure defined by the term will have the selected format.,ń,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’īŸ,īOp€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įx‰‚įy‰‚į{‰‚į|‰‚į}‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresCreate a termDefing how a term is appliedDefining term FormulasView Data in a TermEnter Data in a Term,ī,)$€€¢MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’7,7!H z|Defining term Formulas>7>$€€¦)°€‚‚’Defining term FormulasÜ> $€€¦)€‚‚‚’In addition to naming a new Ter~§¼§G§m, you must also enter the formula that will convert data in the model to the unit of measure defined by the term.You enter term formulas in the formula bar just as you would a worksheet or global formula. A term formula can include the variable X (where X represents every cell in the analysis) in addition to one or more arithmetic operators (+ , - , / , * , %, ^), built-in Compete! functions, constants, and cell and object references. ō  ,*€€¦)€‚‚€€‚‚‚’Each object or cell in a term formula should be referenced in the Compete! style. For example, if the data entered in your model is expressed in dollars and the term you have created is $/Unit, then the term formula would be: X/Units.To define a new term formula or to redefine an existing one:1.Select Formula Set Term, or double-click with the mouse on the Terms box.2.Choose the term you want to define from the list of terms in the Terms dialog box, or create a new term and select it.Ü &€€¦)€‚‚‚‚‚’3.Choose OK.The selected term appears in the Terms box. If it is already defined, the data in the model will be displayed in that unit of measure the term.4.Use the direction keys to move to and select the Terms box to make it active, or click with the mouse on the Terms box.5.Type an equal sign in the formula bar.6.In the formula bar, enter the term formula that should be used to convert data (press backspace to erase characters if you need to make a correction).}N‰/0€€¦)€‚‚€‚€ƒ‚€’To enter object and cell references in the formula bar, you can type, click with the mouse on the object or cell you want to reference, or use the object selector.7.Press enter or click the enter box with the mouse.When you enter the term formula, Compete! will convert the data in the model that is specified for use with the term into the unit of measure the term formula defines.Note:Terms can also be relative. In other words, you can write a term formula so that the data inč«ź­G§ the model will be expressed in that term only if it meets the criteria defined by the term formula.&‰&#€€¦)°€‚’ö¦&öPr€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įx‰‚įy‰‚įz‰‚į|‰‚į}‰‚‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresCreate a termDefing how a term is appliedAssigning a format to a termView Data in a TermEnter Data in a Term4ö4!½{}View Data in a Term=4=&€€¦)°€‚€’View Data in a Term)ü=)-,€€¦)€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚’You may wish to view your data in several different measures to complete your analysis or to make more accurate comparisons. Compete!'s terms feature enables you to view your data in different ways without creating new models. Using terms, you can perform many types of data analysis in one model.To view data in terms:1.Select Formula Set Term, or double-click with the mouse on the Terms box.2.From the list in the Terms dialog box, choose the term in which you want to view data in your model.Īž)Ī02€€¦)€‚‚‚‚€€ƒ‚€’3.Select OK.The name of the selected term will appear in the Terms box, and the specified data in the model will be converted to the unit of measure defined by the term.Note:Remember, a term simply enables you to view the data stored in the model in a different way. The values and formulas entered in each cell remain unchanged. If you select a cell in a view where a term is applied, you will notice the display in the formula bar differs from the display in the cell itself. The value or formula actually stored in the cell is displayed in the formula bar, while the cell itself shows the equivalent unit of measure defined by the currently active term.&Ī&#€€¦)°€‚’÷Ø&Op€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įx‰‚įy‰‚įz‰‚į{‰‚į}‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresCreate a termDefing how a term is appliedAssigning a format to a termDefining term FormulasEnt÷¶·±er Data in a Term,,)$€€¢MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’5,5!Ź |’’’’Enter Data in a Term>5>&€€¦)°€‚€’Enter Data in a TermnK>n#€€¦)€‚‚’It is also possible to use terms to enter data in a model. When a term is applied and you enter a value in a cell, Compete! does not store this value in the model database but instead enters in the active cell a formula that is derived from the term formula. You can not use terms to enter data in a model unless the term formula is reversible. A term formula is reversible if it contains only one variable and has arithmetic operators. If the term formula contains a built-in Compete! function, it is not reversible and you cannot enter data in cells where this term is applied.¦ƒn¦#€€¦)€‚‚’For example, the term %Sales, which calculates the data in each cell of your model as a percentage of sales (X/Sales*100), is a reversible formula. If you enter the value 25 (meaning 25%) in a cell for production costs when %Sales is the active term, Compete! will enter the formula 25/100*Sales in that cell and store this formula, not the value 25, in the model database. The Terms feature simply enables you to quickly apply one conversion formula to data throughout a model. Data in the model is still stored as it was entered in the model. Therefore, data entered in terms will be stored in the model as a formula and not a value.ź¦9/0€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚‚‚‚‚’To enter data in terms:1.Select Formula Set Term, or double-click with the mouse on the Terms box.2.From the list in the Terms dialog box, choose the term in which you want to enter data.3.Select OK.4.Use the direction keys to move to and select the cell where you want to enter data, or click with the mouse on the cell you want.5.Enter the data you want in the formula bar in the unit of measure defined by the active term 6.Press enter, or click the enter box with the mouse.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXÓ½ ĄLøųĢ9ų,*€€¦)€‚‚‚€€ƒ‚’The value you entered in the formula bar will be incorporated into the formula created and entered in the selected cell. Note:You can write formulas yourself when working in terms. Formulas that you enter in cells while working in terms are stored in the model database just as they would be when you are working in No Term. Compete! applies term formulas to the resulting value of calculated cells to display the data in the model in terms. Values entered in cells that are excluded from the application of a term will be stored in the database as they are entered in the formula bar. You should enter these values in the unit of measure in which you want them to be displayed when No Term is applied. ŹžųŹ,*€€¦)€‚€€‚€’Tip:You can also use the Compete! Tools commands when working in terms. You can allocate, forecast, goal seek, and create response functions in terms.&Ź&#€€¦)°€‚’ö§&öOp€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įx‰‚įy‰‚įz‰‚į{‰‚į|‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresCreate a termDefing how a term is appliedAssigning a format to a termDefining term FormulasView Data in a Term,ö,)$€€¢MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’4,4!–€Exiting Global Mode=4=&€€¦)°€‚€’Exiting Global Modeķ=26€€¦)€‚€€‚€€‚‚‚’To change a global dimension back to a worksheet dimension:·Click the red globe icon of the global dimension you want to change back to a worksheet dimension with the mouse.The red globe icon will change from to a green cell icon. If you change a displayed global dimension back to a worksheet dimension, the objects on the dimension will reappear. If you change a fixed global dimension back to a worksheet dimension, an object will again be displayed in the fixed dimension box.¢u®-,€€¦)€‚€€ƒ‚€’Tip:If you select an object on a workshee‡Å¦ĒÅt dimension, the dimension name will be displayed in the status bar.&®&#€€¦)°€‚’¾&Hb€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚į‰‚į€‰‚į‰‚į‚‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresSwitch To Global ModeWriting Global Formulas in Global ModeApplying Global Formulas in Global ModeDeleting a Global Formula from a Model,,)$€€¢MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’6,6!Vw~Switch To Global Mode?6?&€€¦)°€‚€’Switch To Global Mode,?,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’«,«,*€€¦)€‚€‚‚‚‚‚‚‚’To change a worksheet dimension to a global dimension and enter global mode:1.Select Options Workspace.2.Turn on the Global icons option (an "X" appears in the Global icons option box when the option is turned on).3.Choose OK.4.Click the cell icon of the dimension you want to globalize with the mouse; the green cell icon will change to a red globe icon when the dimension becomes global.Whenever you enter global mode, the workspace changes. You can think of the three-dimensional model illustrated above as a cube. When all three dimensions are global, the global cell in the workspace represents this entire "cube" of data. ¾« Lj€€¦)€‚€€‚įM‰‚į~‰‚į€‰‚į‰‚į‚‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresExiting Global ModeWriting Global Formulas in Global ModeApplying Global Formulas in Global ModeDeleting a Global Formula from a ModelG& G!† ~Writing Global Formulas in Global ModeP*GP&€€¦)°€‚€’Writing Global Formulas in Global ModeÕP +(€€¦)€‚‚‚€€‚’Entering a global formula in a global cell is similar to entering a value or formula in a worksheet cell. Before you can enter a global formula directly into a model, however, you must define the formula's scope. To do this, you must configure the global and worksheet dimensions in the model so that the global IĪ™ĪĪcell that is displayed represents the multidimensional range you want to include in the formula's scope.To enter a global formula in a global cell:mH m%€€¦)€‚‚‚‚’1.Globalize the dimensions on which you want the formula to be available for all objects; the remaining dimensions will be worksheet dimensions, on which you want to specify the objects for which the formula is available.The status bar will display the global mode indicator.2.Use the direction keys to move to and select the global cell where you want to enter the formula or click with the mouse on the global cell you want.3.Type an equal sign in the formula bar. (Compete! will insert the equal sign if you begin a global formula, by pasting a function in the formula bar.)šm&€€¦)€‚‚‚‚‚’4.In the formula bar, enter the functions, references, values, and operators you want to include in your formula (press backspace to erase characters if you want to make corrections).You can type the formula, use the Enter and Point modes, or use the object selector to enter a formula in the formula bar. 5.Press enter, or click the enter box with the mouse.The global formula will be displayed in the formula bar and in the global cell as text. No values are calculated in global cells.FF-,€€¦)€‚€€ƒ‚€’Note:Entering a formula in a global cell does not make it active, instead,, you are simply assigning a formula to a multidimensional range represented by the global cell. To activate the global formula in a worksheet cell, you must apply it to the worksheet cell you want.&F&#€€¦)°€‚’ō¬&ōHb€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚į‰‚į~‰‚į‰‚į‚‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresSwitch To Global ModeExiting Global ModeApplying Global Formulas in Global ModeDeleting a Global Formula from a ModelH'ōH!­€‚Applying Global Formulas in Global ModeQ+H]&€€¦)°€‚€’Applying ˆ×Š×ˆ×Global Formulas in Global Mode3]3..€€¦)€‚‚‚€€‚‚‚‚’To use a global formula in your model, you must apply it to a selection of worksheet cells. By using the Formula Apply Formula command while working in global mode, you can quickly and easily apply a global formula in all or specific areas of the formula scope.Applying a Global Formula Throughout Its Entire ScopeTo apply a global formula to every cell in the formula scope:1.Configure the global and worksheet dimensions so that the global cell that defines the formula's scope is displayed in the view.éĄ3é)$€€¦)€‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚’2.Use the direction keys to move to and select the global cell that contains the formula you want to apply, or click with the mouse on the global cell you want.3.Choose Formula Apply Formula.4.In the Apply Formula dialog box that appears, select the Global Formula option button.5.From the global formula list that appears, choose the formula you want to apply.6.Select Apply.7.Choose OK.A counter in the reference area of the formula bar indicates when the global formula has been set throughout its scope. If you return to worksheet mode, you will see that Compete! activated the global formula in every cell included in the formula scope. A calculated value appears in each of these cells.FéR-,€€¦)€ƒƒ‚€€‚‚‚’Tip:To move quickly from the view where you are working to the global cell that contains the formula you want to apply, select a worksheet cell where the global formula is applied and press F8. Compete! will enter global mode and display the global cell that contains the global formula you want to apply. To return to worksheet mode and the view where you were working, press F8 again.The F7 key is a useful accelerator for the Formula Apply Formula command when you are working in global mode. If you press F7 when a global cell is selected, Compete! applies the global formula it contains throughout the entire formula scope. If you pr`ŚIŻˆ×ess F7 when a worksheet cell is selected, the worksheet formula is applied to the cell, and any global formulas it contains are overwritten. ĪR38€€¦)€‚€€ƒ‚‚€€‚‚’Note:Be cautious about applying a global formula throughout its entire scope, since you may unintentionally overwrite worksheet or other global formulas you want to use. Instead, you should apply global formulas as needed in cells or ranges when working with a model.Limiting the Application of Global Formulas in Global ModeYou can limit the application of a global formula to specific areas of its scope. To apply global formulas to cells in small regions of the entire formula scope, you can select cells or ranges while in worksheet mode and use the Formula Apply Formula command. It is also possible, however, to apply a global formula to specific areas of its scope while working in global mode.č)$€€¦)€‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚’To limit the application of a global formula while in global mode:1.Select the global cell where the global formula is entered.2.Change one or more of the global dimensions to a worksheet dimension.3.Select the global cell or cells that represent the range or ranges where you want to apply the global formula in the model.4.Choose Formula Apply Formula.5.Select the Global Formula option button.6.From the Global formula list that appears, choose the formula you want to apply.(Ł(Op€€¦)€‚‚‚‚€€‚įM‰‚įq‰‚į‰‚į~‰‚į€‰‚’7.Select OK.The counter in the reference area of the formula bar will indicate when Compete! has finished applying the selected formula in the ranges represented by the selection of global cells. When you return to worksheet mode, the cells included in these ranges will contain the global formula you selected.Related topics: Compete! ProceduresApplying Global FormulasSwitch To Global ModeExiting Global ModeWriting Global Formulas in Global ModeT,(`("€€¦)į€‰‚’A­åÕēˆ×pplying Global Formulas in Global ModeG&`G!MNDeleting a Global Formula from a ModelP*GP&€€¦)°€‚€’Deleting a Global Formula from a Model5 P5,*€€¦)€‚€€‚‚‚‚’To delete a global formula from a model:1. Select a worksheet cell where the global formula you want to delete is applied and press F8, or globalize the dimensions for which the global formula is true (these dimensions are listed in the status bar when a worksheet cell that contains an active global formula is selected).Compete! will enter global mode and display the global cell that contains the global formula you want to delete.2.Select the global cell that contains the global formula you want to delete.T$5T02€€¦)€‚‚‚‚‚€€‚€’3.Choose Edit Clear or press delete.4.Select the Formulas option button.5.Choose OK.Compete! deletes the global formula from the model and erases the formula from cells where it was applied in the model.Tip:To return to worksheet mode and the view where you were working, press F8.&T&#€€¦)°€‚’Ū—&ŪDZ€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įw‰‚į€‰‚į‰‚€’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresClear a Global FormulaWriting Global Formulas in Global ModeApplying Global Formulas in Global Mode,Ū,)$€€¢MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’D#,D!¦’’’’„Creating Links between ApplicationsM'DM&€€¦)°€‚€’Creating Links between Applications¦cM²CX€€¦)€‚€‚€‚‚‚į„‰‚į…‰‚‚€€‚‚’Using Edit Copy and Edit Paste LinkThe easiest way to create a DDE link between Compete! and other Windows applications is to use the Edit Copy and Edit Paste Link commands to enter remote references in an application automatically. The Edit Paste Link command is available only when Full Menus are activated. See also: Importing Data Into Compete!Exporting Data from Compete!Creating Links ManuallyThe EdiĘķī‚ķt Copy and Edit Paste Link commands are convenient to use with applications that allow you to select the data you want to link. However, you may need to type a remote reference in the formula bar to access some types of data from Compete! – for instance, an SQL query to a Q&E database. When using Compete! as a client, you can create a DDE link yourself by typing the appropriate reference in the formula bar and entering it in a cell. D"²D"€€¦)€‚’See also: The extern functions:VDV8B€€žMPB=Ē~‚=įŗ€‰į¹‰‚€’EXTERN$() and EXTERN()&V&#€€¦)°€‚’£i&£:F€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚į†‰‚į‡‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresTurning Compete! DDE Links off and onDisable DDE Requests=£=!©ƒ…Importing Data Into Compete!F =F&€€¦)°€‚€’Importing Data Into Compete!öÄFö26€€¦)€‚€‚€‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚’To import data from another Windows application into Compete!: 1.Open the Compete! model and the server application.2.Activate the window that contains the data you want to import into Compete!.3.Cut or copy the data you want to import, using the procedures for cutting or copying in the server application.4.Activate the Compete! window.5.Select the cells where you want to paste the linked data. 6.Choose Edit Paste Links.The imported data appears in the selected Compete! range and remote references are automatically entered in the selected Compete! cells. These cells are now hot linked to the server application, and they will be updated any time data in the server application changes.Ö­öÖ)$€€¦)€‚€€‚’Tip:If the Edit Paste Link command in Compete! is grayed after you have cut or copied data in another application, it means that this application does not support DDE.,Ö,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’ö®,Hb€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įƒ‰‚į…‰‚į†‰‚į‡‰‚’Related topics: Cw÷£÷(óompete! ProceduresCreating Links between ApplicationsExporting Data from Compete!Turning Compete! DDE Links off and onDisable DDE Requests,,)$€€¢MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’=,=!Ż„†Exporting Data from Compete!F =F&€€¦)°€‚€’Exporting Data from Compete!,F,)$€€’MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’Z*,Z02€€¦)€‚‚€€‚‚‚‚‚‚‚’You can also use the Edit Copy and Edit Paste Link commands to link other Windows applications to data entered in a Compete! model.To export data from Compete! to another Windows application: 1.Open both Compete! and the client application.2.Activate the Compete! window that contains the data you want to export.3.Select the data you want to export.4.Choose Edit Cut or Edit Copy.5.Activate the window where you want to import this data.6.Paste the data, using the procedure for pasting links in the application to which you are exporting. ø‰Zø/0€€¦)€‚‚€€ƒ‚‚€’The application to which you paste linked the Compete! data will now make remote requests to Compete! for data updates.Note:When you are exporting data from Compete! to another Windows application, the Edit Cut command acts the same as the Edit Copy command. That is, Compete! does not delete data from the cut range when you paste or paste link data in the destination application.&ø&#€€¦)°€‚’ö®&öHb€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įƒ‰‚į„‰‚į†‰‚į‡‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresCreating Links between ApplicationsImporting Data Into Compete!Turning Compete! DDE Links off and onDisable DDE RequestsF%öF!ō…‡Turning Compete! DDE Links off and onM)FM$€€¦)°€‚‚’Turning Compete! DDE Links off and onįM#6>€€¦)€‚€‚€‚‚‚‚‚€‚€‚’It is possible to turn the DDE links off so that data imported into your Compete! model from other Windows applications will not be updaōžA’®žted.To turn DDE links off:1.Choose Options Calculation.2.Unselect the option Update Remote References (the X should disappear from the check box).When the Update Remote References option is turned off, Compete! will not respond to information updates from its server applications.To turn DDE links on:1.Choose Options Calculation.’Ł#’&€€¦)€‚‚€’2.Select the option Update Remote References (an X should appear in the check box).When the Update Remote References option is turned on, Compete! will respond to information updates from its server applications.&’&#€€¦)°€‚’ķ„&ķHb€€¦)€€‚įM‰‚įƒ‰‚į„‰‚į…‰‚į‡‰‚’Related topics: Compete! ProceduresCreating Links between ApplicationsImporting Data Into Compete!Exporting Data from Compete!Disable DDE Requests,ķ,)$€€¢MPB=Ē~‚=€‚’5,5!æ†SDisable DDE Requests>5>&€€¦)°€‚€’Disable DDE Requests r> ..€€¦)€‚‚‚€‚€‚‚‚’If your Compete! model is a server application, it responds to any DDE requests from other Windows applications. As you are working, you may want to turn off Compete!'s automatic response to these requests.To disable remote requests:1.Choose Options Workspace.2.Select the Ignore Remote Requests option (an X should appear in the check box).When the Ignore Remote Requests option is turned on, the model will not respond to requests for information from client applications. In addition, it is not possible to use the Paste Link feature to create new links between the model and other DDE-compatible applications.Ą BV€€¦)€‚€‚€‚‚‚‚€€‚įM‰‚įƒ‰‚’To re-enable remote requests:1.Choose Options Workspace.2.Unselect the Ignore Remote Requests option (the X should disappear from the check box).When the Ignore Remote Requests option is turned off, the model will respond to requests for information from cliµ¢ent applications. You can also create links between the model and other DDE-compatible applications.Related topics: Compete! ProceduresCreating Links between Applicationsžhž6>€€¦)į„€‰‚į…‰‚į†‰‚’Importing Data Into Compete!Exporting Data from Compete!Turning Compete! 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TRUNC()‹TYPE()DUPPER()wVALUE()MVAR()m#VARP(),*VECTOR() 0WEEKDAY() 9YEAR()Õ@GlossaryŗFSerial NumberźHASCII­IArgumentLJClipboardēJFile Format“KFormula›LFormulabarÄMFunctionĪNLogical Value0PMultiple SelectionńPRangeQReference›RReference TypeųSScrollbarĶTStatusbar‘UDimensionWWorksheet Dimension*YGlobal DimensionĀZObject‘\Object Selector_^Compete Database-`View_cSheet·gActive CellŹiCellgkFixed DimensionłmFixed ObjectĆnFixed Object BoxNpDisplayed DimensionžqVector2rValueÖsGlobal Cell“uWorksheet CellģvGlobal Mode¶xWorksheet ModeÄyGlobal Formula{Global mode iconĢ~Global mode indicator9€TermˆTerms BoxւTerms FormulaĖƒFormula ScopeąExternal Links:‡PivotingpˆWorkspaceŪ‰Keyboard Procedures÷™Starting a ModelwNaming Dimensions]„Naming Objects@©Naming Fixed Objects£­Naming Displayed ObjectsI±Changing the displayed object`·Displaying all Objects on a Fixed Dimension@»Delete an Object[ĄAdding an ObjectdĘAdding a DimensionCĖSaving and Naming a ModelÓOpen an Existing ModelBŲChanging a Views Orientation]ąChanging a Sheets Orientation>ęChanging the Column WidthģHiding and Showing Objects(öPositioning an object on a DimensionäšĪM‰FŅ Ąu ’v1‘UDimensionWWorksheet Dimension*YGlobal DimensionĀZObject‘\Object Selector_^Compete Database-`View_cSheet·gActive CellŹiCellgkFixed DimensionłmFixed ObjectĆnFixed Object BoxNpDisplayed DimensionžqVector2rValueÖsGlobal Cell“uWorksheet CellģvGlobal Mode¶xWorksheet ModeÄyGlobal Formula{Global mode iconĢ~Global mode indicator9€TermˆTerms BoxւTerms FormulaĖƒFormula ScopeąExternal Links:‡PivotingpˆWorkspaceŪ‰Keyboard Procedures÷™Starting a ModelwNaming Dimensions]„Naming Objects@©Naming Fixed Objects£­Naming Displayed ObjectsI±Changing the displayed object`·Displaying all Objects on a Fixed Dimension@»Delete an Object[ĄAdding an ObjectdĘAdding a DimensionCĖSaving and Naming a ModelÓOpen an Existing ModelBŲChanging a Views Orientation]ąChanging a Sheets Orientation>ęChanging the Column WidthģHiding and Showing Objects(öPositioning an object on a Dimension™śNaming a View or a Sheet…’Working with multiple windows‘ Close a View or a Sheet£Close a ModelSaving the WorkspaceEntering data in a cellŲEntering data in a rangez%Creating a range +Change absolute and relative referencesć2Referencing cells in a ViewK;Referencing cells in a Sheet^>Referencing a rangeĄACopy and Pasting DataŠGDeleting DatagLDefining Formula ScopeQExpanding Formula ScopešYShrinking Formula Scope/`Applying Global FormulasōcApplying Global Formulas to cells`hApplying Global Formulas to a RangeōpApplying Global Formulas to its Entire ScopeąvUpdate a Global Formulav{Overwrite a Global FormulaPƒClear a Global Formula ˆCreate a term™Defing how a term is appliedķžAssigning a format to a termG§Defining term Formulas±View Data in a TermLøEnter Data in a TermÅExiting Global Mode¬ÉSwitch To Global ModeĪWriting Global Formulas in Global Modeˆ×Applying Global Formulas in Global Modehe flag so th-(’’™śNaming a View or a Sheet…’Working with multiple windows‘ Close a View or a Sheet£Close a ModelSaving the WorkspaceEntering data in a cellŲEntering data in a rangez%Creating a range +Change absolute and relative referencesć2Referencing cells in a ViewK;Referencing cells in a Sheet^>Referencing a rangeĄACopy and Pasting DataŠGDeleting DatagLDefining Formula ScopeQExpanding Formula ScopešYShrinking Formula Scope/`Applying Global FormulasōcApplying Global Formulas to cells`hApplying Global Formulas to a RangeōpApplying Global Formulas to its Entire ScopeąvUpdate a Global Formulav{Overwrite a Global FormulaPƒClear a Global Formula ˆCreate a term™Defing how a term is appliedķžAssigning a format to a termG§Defining term Formulas±View Data in a TermLøEnter Data in a TermÅExiting Global Mode¬ÉSwitch To Global ModeĪWriting Global Formulas in Global Modeˆ×Applying Global Formulas in Global Mode5čDeleting a Global Formula from a Model‚ķCreating Links between Applications(óImporting Data Into Compete!ŃųExporting Data from Compete!®žTurning Compete! DDE Links off and on¢Disable DDE Requestsse but instead enters in the active cell a formula that is derived from the term formula. You can not use terms to enter data in a model unless the term formula is reversible. A term formula is reversible if it contains only one variable and has arithmetic operators. If the term formula contains a built-in Compete! function, it is not reversible and you cannot enter data in cells where this term is applied.For example, the term %Sales, which calculates the data in each cell of your model as a percentage of sales (X/Sales*100), is a reversible formula. If you enter the value 25 (meaning 25%) in a cell for production costs when %Sales is the active term, Compete! will enter the formula 25/100*Sales in that cell and store this formula, not the value 25, in the model database. The Terms feature sim