.BIB!COUNTRY.AIDOTHER.AID ?FAX.AID aLITHELP.AIDLITMAIN2.AIDLITNAME1.AIDEREGMAIN0.AIDREGNAME.AIDREGNAME1.AID:SAMNAME1.AID>SAMPLE2.AIDCSAMPLE4.AIDSAMPLE5.AIDNOISEA2A.AIDHNFHELP1.AID%NFHELP2.AIDzNFHELP3.AIDNFHELP4.AIDHNFHELP5.AIDNFHELP6.AIDNFHELP7.AIDTADD2A.AID ADD2B.AID ADD3A.AID ADD3B.AID ADD4A.AID %ADD4B.AID 9ADD5A.AID mADD5B.AID ADD6A.AID ADD6B.AID ADD7A.AID ADD7B.AID  # n#ͻno!nno n Use the   arrow keys too nno n highlight your location o nno n and press [Enter]no nno!nno!nnno ooCanadaoo n nno ooEuropeoo n nno ooJapano o n nno United States n nno other countries n nnon nno Previous screen n nno (without printing) n n#ͼBA.B  nBͻn o?nn oo-For countries other than those listed, pleaseo nn oo(send your request to the Hewlett-Packardonn oo'Components Sales office nearest to you.onn o?nn oo1A listing of HP Sales offices may be found in theonn oo0back of the "Microwave & RF Designer's Catalog."onn o?nn on[ Press any key to continue ]onn o?nnBͼ[I.  nDͻ  noBn  noBn  noB If you require a faster response, FAX numbers are available n  no< to send your request letter for the following countries:on  noBn  noBn  no oCanadao o(416) 678-7253on   no oEuropeo o(49) 7031-14-2216on   no oJapano o(81) 03 335 8195on   no oUnited States (408) 435-4303on   noAn   noAn   non[ Press any key to continue ]on   noAn   nDͼ IIIIIkY P G OHewlett-PackardO OHelp: Request for LiteratureOOAppCADI Pͻ The $"Microwave & RF Designer's Catalog" contains over 500 pages  @ of detailed specifications for HP's complete line of RF and  2Microwave semiconductors. These products include: N   GaAs MMIC Amplifiers  GaAs MMIC Attenuators   Silicon Schottky Diodes GaAs Schottky Diodes   Silicon Bipolar Transistors  PIN Diodes  Step Recovery Diodes ! Variable Gain RF Amplifiers   Mixers & Detectors  Switches & Switch Drivers  Comb Generators! High Speed Decision Circuits N HP's Application Notes* feature practical design and construction   1details for a wide variety of circuits including:N  Mixers  Amplifiers  Frequency Multipliers   Oscillators  Switches  Attenuators   Detectors Hybrid Assembly TechniquesN The [F5] and [F7], softkeys send output to your system printer  on port LPT1.8M P [Esc] Exit Help ͼDUMMY CLNx P O Hewlett-PackardOOLiterature RequestOOAppCAD I PͻN   1. Press [F2] to receive the $"Microwave & RF Designer's Catalog."%(Pressing [F2] toggles choice Yes/No)I     2. Press [F3] to choose from dozens of Application Notes. N * You have selected: Designer's Catalog pNo #Application Notes  p0  N 3. Press [F4] to enter your name and address.N 4. Press [F5]. and a ready-to-mail literature request letter  'will be printed on your system printer.N@5. To address an envelope for your literature request, align the 2the top of the envelope in your printer and press [F7].   A(Or, print the address on printer paper and copy to an envelope.) N #Note: If you are in a hurry, press [F8] for FAX numbers.  NM P [F1] Help [Esc] Main Menu ͼIT1APPNOTE IL 9 * CATALOG CL 9 * DUMMY CLO P O Hewlett-PackardO OLiterature RequestOOAppCAD I Pͻ H  Hͻ   )Please fill in the following information:  F  F  Name: ?#    F   Company: ?#   F  Dept/MS: ?#   ;      Address:  ?#    ?#    ?#   ?#   F  F   Press [F6] to Continue ͼ  H NNPͼ >NAME EL#Enter your name COMPANY EL# Enter your company name MAIL EL# Enter your Mail Stop or Department ADDRESS1 EL#Enter your address - first line ADDRESS2 EL#Enter your address - second line ADDRESS3 EL#Enter your address - third line ADDRESS4 EL#Enter your address - fourth line P G OHewlett-PackardOOUpdate RegistrationOOAppCADI PͻD   > ͻ     (Please do the following to register for AppCAD updates:  =ͼ    <  G 1. Press [F2]4 to enter your name, address, and other information.  I  D  /2. Make sure your printer is turned on. Press [F5] and a    4ready-to-mail registration letter will be printed on your system printer.0NN>3. To address an envelope to mail your registration, align the  .top of the envelope in your printer and press [F7].   N ;(Alternatively, print the address on your printer paper and  transfer to an envelope.)"  FL  P [ESC] Return to Main Menu ͼͻDDUMMY CLNx P O Hewlett-PackardOOUpdate RegistrationOOAppCAD Pͻ H  Hͻ   )Please fill in the following information:  F  F  Name: ?#    F   Company: ?#   F  Dept/MS: ?#   ;      Address:  ?#    ?#    ?#   ?#   F  F  Hͼ  H NNP Press [F3] to Continue ͼ5DNAME EL#Enter your name COMPANY EL# Enter your company name MAIL EL# Enter your Mail Stop or Department ADDRESS1 EL#Enter your address - first line ADDRESS2 EL#Enter your address - second line ADDRESS3 EL#Enter your address - third line ADDRESS4 EL#Enter your address - fourth line 4  -B -ppCAD P O Hewlett-PackardOORequest for SamplesOOAppCAD I PͻNN Hͻ   )Please fill in the following information:  F  F  Name: 0#    F    Company: 0#    F    Address:  0#   0#   0#    0#   F  Telephone number: 0    F   Press [F8] to Continue ͼ N FL  Pͼ EL#TADUMMY CLNx NAME EL# Enter your name ADDRESS1 EL# Enter the first line of your address ADDRESS2 EL#Enter the second line of your address ADDRESS3 EL#Enter the third line of your address ADDRESS4 EL#Enter the fourth line of your address TEL ELEnter your telephone number COMPANY EL# Enter name of your company P G OHewlett-PackardO ORequest for Free SamplesOOAppCADI PͻNN Ŀ N To receive samples of devices to assist in prototypiny your design: N  G  1. Press [F2]/ to select devices. Number of parts selected =p 0   0 Please limit your choices to only those devices     / needed for evaluation in your current design.   D    2. Press [F3]6 to enter your name, address, and other information.    G  ( 3. After making your selections, press [F5] and a ready-to-mail D sample request letter will be printed on your system printer.     G  = 4. To address an envelope for your sample request, align the  2 top of the envelope in your printer and press [F7].     <(Or, print the address on paper & transfer to an envelope.) N  #Note: If you are in a hurry, press [F8] for FAX numbers.  FL  P [F1] Help [ESC] Exit ͼDUMMY CLNx SAMPLES ICFX P O Hewlett-PackardO OHelp: Request for SamplesOOAppCAD PͻNN 8This module allows the user to obtain samples of devices  9for use in prototyping designs. The list of Part Numbers  7represents the most popular devices from HP's extensive 8line of Microwave and RF semiconductors. If you require  7samples of devices not listed here, please contact your 'nearest HP Sales Office for assistance. N 6Please limit your selection to those devices needed to 6prototype your current design. There is no charge for these samples.7NN The [F5] and [F7], softkeys send output to your system printer  on port LPT1.8NNN FL  P [Esc] Exit Help ͼGBOX11QLBDUMMY CLNx P O Hewlett-PackardOO NoiseCalcOOAppCAD   Ŀ2  Ĵ 1 1   2   Noise Figure (dB) p1   Gain (dB) p1   IP3 (dBm) p1   NF/Temp (dB/C) p 0 1   G/Temp (-dB/C) p 0 1  1   System Temp. (C) p 25  Reference Temperature (C) p 25    Input Power (dBm)  p -30  Noise Bandwidth (MHz) p 1.0      8  Pout (dBm) p1   NF/ NF (Stage) p 0   NF/ G (Stage) p 0  N    Cascade NF(dB) p  Cascade Gain (dB) p    Noise Temperature (K) p   Input Intercept Point (dBm) p    Signal-to-Noise Ratio (dB) p" Output Intercept Point (dBm) p    Spur Free Dynamic Range (dB) p IM3 Output Level(dBm) p    Nominal Detectable Sig (dBm) p* N   [F2]Compute [F4]Add Stage [F5]Print [F7]Erase [Esc]Exit NF1 RR  380  0 Enter 1st-stage Noise Figure in dB (at Reference Temperature) G1 RR  380 -380 Enter 1st-stage gain in dB (at Reference Temperature) IP1 RR  380 -380 Enter 1st-stage 3rd Order Intercept Point (output) in dBm DGDT1 RR   99.999 -99.999 1st-stage Temperature Coefficient for Gain in (-)dB/deg C FC1 RR   999.99  0 * DNDN1 RR  999.99 -999.99 * DFDG1 RR  999.99 -999.99 * POUT1 RR  999.9 -999.9 * OUTIP RRH  999.9 -999.9 * SFDR RR   999.9 -999.9 * BW RR D  99999.99999  .00001 Effective Noise Bandwidth of system in Mhz (0.00001 to 99,999 MHz) INIP RRH  999.9 -999.9 * NT RR    9999999999.9  0 * NDS RR   9999.9 -9999.9 * IMLEVEL RRH  9999.9 -9999.9 * SNR RR   999.9 -999.9 * GAIN1 RRH  999.99 -999.99 * TEMP RR   999.9 -273 Enter Operating Temperature of system in degrees Centigrade PINPUT RR   380 -380 Enter Input Power to 1st stage in dBm DFDT1 RR  99.999 -99.999 1st-stage Temperature Coefficient for Noise Figure in dB/deg C TREF RR I  999.9 -273 Reference Temperature for stage temperature coefficients (deg C) P9 D:NOISEG OHewlett-PackardOO NoiseCalcOOAppCAD PͻN  INTRODUCTION    .  J     ĿĿ  Ŀ     .Ĵ 1 Ĵ 2 - - - Ĵ n          I   G     EThis module calculates various performance parameters for a sub-     ?system block diagram such as a receiver. This type of analysis N allows system planning for the tradeoffs of important characteristics N such as noise figure (sensitivity), gain distribution, dynamic range,   J signal levels, and intermodulation products. A sensitivity analysis   J is also provided to assess individual stage NF and Gain contributions   A to overall NF. System performance may be evaluated at different G temperatures with the input of temperature coefficients for NF and Gain for each stage.5NNE Page 1 P [Enter] Start Calculation ͼ+DAN P D:NOISEG OHewlett-PackardOO NoiseCalcOOAppCAD PͻN INPUT PARAMETERS   G   Reference Temperature 4= Temperature in C for which stage Noise Figure   and Gain are specified./   Noise Figure .= Stage NF in dB at the reference temperature.  Gain1 = Stage Gain in dB at the reference temperature.  IP3 F= Stage Third Order Intercept Point in dBm referred to the output.    NF/Temp 7= Temperature Coefficient for NF in dB/C. This is the   G amount the noise figure changes for each C of temperature change.   . This data is usually measured experimentally.  G/Temp := Temperature Coefficient for Gain in -dB/C. This is the  Famount the gain changes for each C of temperature change. The   @units are in NEGATIVE dB/C to simplify data entry. NOTE: This  @parameter is especially useful for evaluating system performance  Fof cascades that contain temperature compensation stages, such as   -temperature-controlled PIN diode attenuators.  System Temperature 1= Temperature in C for which the NF and Gain are  ; corrected using temperature coefficients and the reference    temperature.:E Page 2 P [Enter] Start Calculation ͼt^ZP# D:NOISEG OHewlett-PackardOO NoiseCalcOOAppCAD Pͻ(Input Parameters) N  Input Power+ = Input power level to the cascade in dBm. Noise Bandwidth 3= Effective noise bandwidth for the cascade in MHz. 9 OUTPUT PARAMETERS   >  Cascade NF@ = Overall noise figure for the cascade adjusted for system   H temperature using stage temperature coefficients for NF and Gain.   Cascade Gain2 = Overall gain of the cascade adjusted for system :temperature using stage temperature coefficients for Gain.  Noise Temperature9 = Equivalent input noise temperature in Kelvin for    the cascade.: Signal-to-Noise Ratio. = Ratio of signal power level to noise level. Spur Free Dynamic Range* = The SFDR in dB is one expression of the   G usable input signal range for a receiving system. SFDR is defined   G as the allowable input signal range between the system noise floor   = and the power level where IM products equal the noise power.  Nominal Detectable Signal% = The input signal level in dBm that ;produces an output signal exactly equal to the noise level. E Page 3 P [Enter] Start Calculation ͼrdOO NoiseCPa D:NOISEG OHewlett-PackardOO NoiseCalcOOAppCAD Pͻ(Output Parameters)N Input Intercept Point5 = Overall 3rd order IP for the cascade referred to the input in dBm.2 Output Intercept Point4 = Overall 3rd order IP for the cascade referred to the output in dBm.1 IM3 Output level 9= Power level of 3rd intermodulation products in dBm at the output of the cascade.) Pout ?= Output power level for each stage in dBm. This is especially5useful for checking if any stages are in compression.  NF/ NF (Stage)9 = Sensitivity of cascade NF to NF of each stage, i.e., >the overall cascade NF change for a 1 dB increase in stage NF.  NF/ G (Stage) 9= Sensitivity of cascade NF to Gain of each stage, i.e., @the overall cascade NF change for a 1 dB increase in stage gain.  Warnings: 4 A warning will appear for the following conditions: < Input signal level is lower than the input noise floor. )(This is the lower boundary of the SFDR.)5 The third order intermodulation products are greater2than the noise level at the output of the cascade. )(This is the upper boundary of the SFDR.) Note:= A "%" in printed output indicates a round-off to fit field. Page 4 P [Enter] Start Calculation ͼHERMLP D:NOISEG OHewlett-PackardOO NoiseCalcOOAppCAD Pͻ#COMMENTS ON VARIOUS TYPES OF STAGESN Amplifier stages4. Use specified or measured Noise Figure, Gain, andFThird Order (output) Intercept Point. Typical values of NF/Temp Ffor a transistor amplifier stage are +0.01 to +0.02 dB per C. A =typical range of G/Temp for a transistor amplifier stage is -0.008 to -0.02 dB per C.,N Passive lossy elements4 (passive attenuators, phase shifters, switches, Ffilters, isolators, couplers, power splitters, transmission lines, ;etc.) The Noise Figure is equal to the loss. Gain is the ?negative of the loss (i.e., enter as a negative number.) Since?these stages do not produce IM products, IP3 is not applicable;Fenter a large number (e.g., 200 dBm) to neglect effect on cascade. N PIN diode based lossy elements  (attenuators, switches, phase >shifters, temperature compensation circuits, etc.) Treat the?same as passive lossy elements except allow for IP3. The noise=contribution of PIN diodes is negligible. Note: the G/Temp @for temperature compensation attenuators is entered as negative.E Page 5 P [Enter] Start Calculation ͼscade. P D:NOISEG OHewlett-PackardOO NoiseCalcOOAppCAD PͻN%(Comments on Various Types of Stages)N "Lossy elements with active devices( (MMIC attenuators, etc.) Treat the 4same as an amplifier stage except use negative gain.N Passive (diode) mixers4. Noise figure is usually specified for mixers; ;otherwise use conversion loss. Gain is the negative of the Fconversion loss (or use the negative of the NF.) Note: Mixer NF @may be larger or smaller than the conversion loss - this depends@on the noise temperature of the Schottky diodes, L.O. noise etc.N  Active mixers( - Treat the same as an amplifier stage.NNNNNNNE Page 6 P [Enter] Start Calculation ͼTRUNBATP D:NOISEG OHewlett-PackardOO NoiseCalcOOAppCAD PͻNDATA FIELDS and FUNCTION KEYSN   Backspace " Edit the highlighted data field   Moves up and down fields Tab Tab" Moves to right and left fields Enter  Moves to next field downNN [F2] Compute 2= Calculates system parameters using current data.N [F4] Add Stage 1= Appends next stage up to a maximum of 7 stages.N  [F5] Print,= Dumps current data to your system printer. N  [F7] Erase&= Erases all input data to start over.N  [Esc] Exit2= Erases all data and returns to this help screen.N  $E Page 7 P [Enter] Start Calculation ͼPLE9LEXE` ppp(WS4 DNDN2 RRp!  999.99 -999.99 * DFDG2 RRp!  999.99 -999.99 * POUT2 RRp!  999.9 -999.9 * ^  Ŀ Ĵ 2   p p p p 0  p 0 RRp!NF2 RRp!  380  0 Enter 2nd-stage Noise Figure in dB G2 RRp!  380 -380 Enter 2nd-stage gain in dB (at Reference Temperature) IP2 RRp!  380 -380 Enter 2nd-stage 3rd Order Intercept Point (output) in dBm DFDT2 RRp!  99.999 -99.999 Enter stage Temperature Coefficient for Noise Figure in dB/deg C DGDT2 RRp !  99.999 -99.999 Enter stage temperature coefficient for Noise Figure in dB/deg C p ppp-PackardDNDN3 RRp)  999.99 -999.99 * DFDG3 RRp)  999.99 -999.99 * POUT3 RRp)  999.9 -999.9 * ^  Ŀ Ĵ 3   p p p p 0  p 0 RRp)NF3 RRp)  380  0 Enter 3rd-stage Noise Figure in dB (at Reference Temperature) IP3 RRp)  380 -380 Enter 3rd-stage 3rd Order Intercept Point (output) in dBm G3 RRp)  380 -380 Enter 3rd-stage gain in dB (at Reference Temperature) DFDT3 RRp)  99.999 -99.999 Enter stage Temperature Coefficient for Noise Figure in dB/deg C DGDT3 RRp )  99.999 -99.999 Enter stage temperature coefficient for Noise Figure in dB/deg C  ppp-PackardDNDN4 RRp1  999.99 -999.99 * DFDG4 RRp1  999.99 -999.99 * POUT4 RRp1  999.9 -999.9 * ^  Ŀ Ĵ 4   p p p p 0  p 0 RRp1NF4 RRp1  380  0 Enter 4th-stage Noise Figure in dB (at Reference Temperature) G4 RRp1  380 -380 Enter 4th-stage gain in dB (at Reference Temperature) IP4 RRp1  380 -380 Enter 4th-stage 3rd Order Intercept Point (output) in dBm DFDT4 RRp1  99.999 -99.999 Enter stage Temperature Coefficient for Noise Figure in dB/deg C DGDT4 RRp 1  99.999 -99.999 Enter stage temperature coefficient for Noise Figure in dB/deg C  ppp DNDN5 RRp9  999.99 -999.99 * DFDG5 RRp9  999.99 -999.99 * POUT5 RRp9  999.9 -999.9 *  ^  Ŀ Ĵ 5   p p p p 0  p 0 RRp9NF5 RRp9  380  0 Enter 5th-stage Noise Figure in dB (at Reference Temperature) G5 RRp9  380 -380 Enter 5th-stage gain in dB (at Reference Temperature) IP5 RRp9  380 -380 Enter 5th-stage 3rd Order Intercept Point (output) in dBm DFDT5 RRp9  99.999 -99.999 Enter stage Temperature Coefficient for Noise Figure in dB/deg C DGDT5 RRp 9  99.999 -99.999 Enter stage temperature coefficient for Noise Figure in dB/deg C  pppT DNDN6 RRpA  999.99 -999.99 * DFDG6 RRpA  999.99 -999.99 * POUT6 RRpA  999.9 -999.9 * ^  Ŀ Ĵ 6   p p p p 0  p 0 RRpANF6 RRpA  380  0 Enter 6th-stage Noise Figure in dB (at Reference Temperature) G6 RRpA  380 -380 Enter 6th-stage gain in dB (at Reference Temperature) IP6 RRpA  380 -380 Enter 6th-stage 3rd Order Intercept Point (output) in dBm DFDT6 RRpA  99.999 -99.999 Enter stage Temperature Coefficient for Noise Figure in dB/deg C DGDT6 RRp A  99.999 -99.999 Enter stage temperature coefficient for Noise Figure in dB/deg C  pppDNDN7 RRpI  999.99 -999.99 * DFDG7 RRpI  999.99 -999.99 * POUT7 RRpI  999.9 -999.9 * ,^  Ŀ Ĵ 7   p p p p 0  p 0 RRpINF7 RRpI  380  0 Enter 7th-stage Noise Figure in dB (at Reference Temperature) G7 RRpI  380 -380 Enter 7th-stage gain in dB (at Reference Temperature) IP7 RRpI  380 -380 Enter 7th-stage 3rd Order Intercept Point (output) in dBm DFDT7 RRpI  99.999 -99.999 Enter 7th-stage Temperature Coefficient for Noise Figure in dB/deg DGDT7 RRp I  99.999 -99.999 Enter 7th-stage temperature coefficient for Noise Figure in dB/deg