The Latest Information On CC PUBLICATION PLANS FOR CC WITH PRENTICE HALL ARE ON TRACK. THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM HAS BEEN CHANGED FROM CC3 TO CC ON THIS DISK. THE REQUEST FOR DONATIONS TO SF STATE NO LONGER APPEARS ON THE OPENING SCREEN, BUT I WOULD STILL APPRECIATE $25 TO HELP DEFRAY THE COST OF DISTRIBUTING THIS PROGRAM TO THE APPLIED MATH PROGRAM, MATH DEPT., SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94132. CC is being developed by: David Meredith Dept. of Math San Francisco State University 1600 Holloway Ave. San Francisco, CA 94132 415-338-2199 I still welcome comments and criticisms. I especially want to hear from anyone who uses CC with students, or from students who use CC. Because CC has been sold to Prentice-Hall for publication Fall 1990, I am too busy writing the final manual to maintain the manual distributed with the shareware version. This document will serve to anounce changes in the latest versions of CC from the final form of the manual CC3.PRN and the help file CC3.HLP. *** Changes to CC3 *** The name of the differentiation operator has been changed from D to DIF. The complex number i is entered as alt-i and denoted Œ . The exponential base e is entered as alt-e and denoted ˆ. All saves to disk are initiated with F7 (that is all saves that can be reloaded, whether of formulas or graphs); all loads from disk are initiated with F8; and all printing, whether of formulas or graphs and whether to printer or to ascii image on disk, are initiated with F2. No more ^F9, ^F3, etc. There are some menus to guide you through the choices. F7: To save all your formulas in the input window and all your subroutines for later reloading, press F7. To save a graph that you are viewing for later reloading into CC, press F7 while the graph is on the screen. F8: To load a file of formulas or a graph from disk, press F8, choose graphs or formulas, and specify the file name. (Formulas are saved in text files, graphs in untyped files, so the file name alone is not enough for CC to use to load the file.) To load an ascii file of numbers (one / line) into a list variable, press F8 and choose the (V)ariable option. The lines in your file can even include expressions like cos(3)*exp(5), but they should only numbers and numerically valued functions, not undefined variables. F2: To print a graph or save an ascii file for later printing, press F2 while the graph is on the screen and follow the menus. To turn on the printer to record all your entries and results, to turn the printer off, to make a printed or disk record of all your current formulas, variables and subroutines, press F2 while text is on the screen and choose from a menu. To save the value of a single variable in a file (for example, a variable whose value is a long list or array), press F2 and follow the menu directions. The help file no longer contains the entire manual. This is the help file for the commercial version. The functions ROOT and SLOPE have been removed. The functions SQR and FACT have been changed to postfix operators; xý is the same as x^2, enter ý with alt-2 n! is the old fact(n) Lists are entered with parentheses: (3,4,5) is a list. This way lists can be distinguished from sublist selectors like a[5]. Now you can enter (1,2,3,4,5)[3:4]; the result is (3,4) The command Thickness(i), i = 1,2, has been changed to two commands: ThickLine .. use thick lines ThinLine .. use thin lines *** Additions to CC3 *** The following optional abbreviations are included: abbr. meaning entry method GR Graph DTG DotGraph QU QuickG SK Sketch PA ParamG PO PolarG GR3 Graph3d PA3 ParamG3d IMP Implicit WI Window ä Sum Alt-s ã Pi Alt-p û Sqrt Alt-q ó <= Alt-l (less) ò >= Alt-m (more) The following symbols may be used like alphabetic characters in variable names: à Alt-a á Alt-b ë Alt-d â Alt-g í Alt-f é Alt-t î Alt-h ê Alt-o Multipication symbols are no longer necessary. Your input and output can look like mathematics. You can write 2ã, 3x, (x-1)(x+1). You can use the multiplication symbol * or a space to denote multiplication if you desire, however. If there is a possible ambiguity in your notation, then multiplication must be indicated by a space or an asterisk *. The possible ambiguities are resolved as follows: product of two numbers: 34 =thirty-four 3 4 = 3*4 = twelve conjunction of two variables: XY is a single variable name X Y = X*Y is the product of two variables variable followed by a number: X3 is a variable name X 3 = X*3 = 3*X = 3X is three times a variable function or product: f(x) means the function f applied to the argument x f (x) = f*(x) = f*x is the product. sublist selector or product: x[3] means the third element of the list x x [3] means x times the singleton list [3] Finally, you can sometimes leave off the parentheses around the arguments of built-in functions like sin: sin 5 = sin(5). However, this practice is not recommended, since it can lead to error if the argument is more than a single number or variable. Sin 3 5 = sin(3)*5 <> sin(3*5). All users, including those with monochrome screens, can use the command COLOR. For monochrome users, this command is primarily used to select the background color for graphing to erase a curve. Three new color constants are available: CURRENTCOLOR = currently selected color, BKCOLOR=background color, MAXCOLOR = largest color index. Colors can be selected by name from a list on page D of the help file, or by number from 0 to MaxColor. Graph with BKCOLOR to erase a curve. Text now shows in two colors. The emphasis color is used in the input window new entries and entries that have not been executed. If you change a function definition and forget to execute it, now you'll know. Emphasis color is used in the subroutine window for new entries and entries that have not compiled successfully. Emphasis is used in the output window for your last result. On color monitors, the color and background of text can be changed with the command: TEXTCOLOR(ForegroundColor, EmphasisColor, BackgroundColor) A list of colors can be found on page D of the help file. The background color must be selected from the first eight. The axes can be eliminated from the graphics screen with the command AXISOFF Issue this command before or after WINDOW or ERASE but before you draw to a new graphics screen. The graphics screen will have no axes. This is useful for certain kinds of illustrations. To restore the axes, give the command AXISON before starting a picture. Messages can now be written to the graphics screen with the command Write@(x,y,msg) where x,y are real coordinates in the window and msg is any formula, possibly a string surrounded with apostrophes. The upper-left corner of the message is at (x,y). If the message will not fit on the screen, an error message is generated. Sometimes it is easier to place the message by using the crosshairs. Move the cross hairs to where you want the upper-left corner of the message, and use the command Write@c(msg) To write the coordinates of the crosshairs at the current crosshair location, use the command: Write@c((crossx,crossy)) You can increase the size of the messages by adding an optional size parameter after the message, which must be an integer between 1 and 10, e.g. Write@(.5,.5,'Hello',5) Write@c('Hello',5) Larger messages are useful for graphs that will be reduced for printing or displayed on an overhead projector. Rectangles can be drawn directly with the command RECT(x,y,z,w), which draws a rectangle with opposite corners (x,y) and (z,w). Any region bound by solid lines (linestyle(0)) of a single color can be filled with the command FILL(x,y,fillcolor,bordercolor,fillstyle). The point (x,y) must be inside the region to be filled, and FillStyle can be any integer 0..11. FillStyle = 1 is solid fill; FillStyle = 0 is empty fill. To prevent curves from being graphed with changing line styles or colors, enter the command KEEPSTYLE; to return to changing styles, enter VARYSTYLE. HP LaserJet printers are supported for text and graphics. Now you can create a configuration file for CC, so that CC locates the help file CC.HLP and places the last graph LASTGRAF.___in a directory other than the directory containing CC.EXE. Note that CC may be started from any directory; it can find the directory holding CC.EXE and locate other files there. However, you may want to put the help file and the last graph file in another directory, for example on a ram disk. To get CC to find the files there, press Control-F9; you will be asked for a new path to the help file and the last graph file. If you are using a color system, you will also be asked if you wish to save the current color scheme. This information will be used immediately by CC, and it will be saved in a file called CC.CFG in the same directory as CC.EXE. The next time you start CC, the information from the configuration file will be read by CC, and CC will use the colors you saved and look for the help and last graph files where you said they would be. Creating a new configuration does not put the help file or the existing last graph file into the new location; it merely changes the path which CC will follow to look for these files. The help file, in particular, must be moved to the new location before you start CC. The Histogram command is now a function. Histogram(x,a,b,n) not only catagorizes the data in list x into the n equal subdivisions of the interval (a,b) and draws the histogram of those frequencies, but now Histogram returns a list of the frequencies. There is also a new command, Frequencies(x,a,b,n), with the same parameters as Histogram, that just returns the frequencies without drawing the histogram. Here's a sample use: x = list(random,i=1 to 100) // data to be used hide(x) f = histogram(x,0,1,10) // f contains frequencies g = f/sum(f) // relative frequencies h = list(sum(g[1:i]),i=1 to 10 // cumulative frequencies