VI„T A Vietnamese Text Editor Version 1.5 Copyright 1990 by Hoa G. Nguyen P.O. Box 3834 La Mesa, CA 92044-3834 USER'S MANUAL _____________ I. REQUIREMENTS: The following equipment are required to run VI„T: * IBM-PC/XT/AT/386˙˙ or˙˙ compatible˙ (TURBO speed˙ is ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙recommended for PC/XT clones) * CGA graphics capability (color monitor NOT required) * Dot-matrix printer with graphic˙ commands compatible ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ to˙˙ the EPSON˙ or˙ IBM Proprinter˙ standards˙ (the ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙Panasonic KX-P series printers˙˙ have been found to ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙give the best output). The following files must reside in your active directory: VIET.COM (VI„T program) SCRFONT (Screen font) COURIER.PRF (Default printer font) HELP.SCR (On-screen help) Other files associated with VI„T are: SCRFONT.1, SCRFONT.2, SCRFONT.3 (Screen fonts) PALATINO.PRF (Another printer font) VIET.PAR (Optional parameters file) MANUAL.ENG (User's manual) These files will be described further in section V. II. BASIC COMMANDS: 1.˙ Installation:˙ (Skip this section if you are an experienced PC user.) VI„T˙ can˙ be executed from the floppy or from˙ a hard disk. To install VI„T on˙ a˙ hard disk,˙ simply copy the˙˙ distribution diskette to a directory. For example, if your hard disk is drive C,˙ insert the VI„T diskette in drive˙ A and enter˙ the following commands to transfer VI„T to a directory named VIET. C: MD \VIET COPY A:*.* C:\VIET (Press the ENTER key at the end of each command line.) 2. Start Up: To run VI„T,˙ you must be in the same directory or logged on the same˙ floppy drive where VI„T is stored.˙˙ ˙ For example,˙ to start VI„T from drive A, type: A: VIET (If you˙ are˙ going to run VI„T from the floppy,˙ we suggest that you first˙ make a backup˙ copy of the distribution diskette.) To start˙˙˙ VI„T from the hard drive˙ after the above˙ installation, type: C: CD \VIET VIET VI„T will ask you to supply a text file name. This file can be˙˙˙ in˙˙ any˙ directory˙˙˙˙ on˙˙˙ any˙˙˙˙ drive˙ (for˙ example, C:\TEXT\MYFILE.DOC). If the file does not exist in the specified directory,˙ VI„T˙ will create a new˙ blank˙ file for˙ you.˙ ˙ The program then automatically puts you in insert mode. You can change the screen color at this time by pressing the F2 key.˙ Select the color you like,˙ then store this setup using CNTR-W P (see section III). 3. Text Entering: Characters are inserted at˙ the˙ current cursor position˙ as you type on the keyboard.˙ ˙ Both English and Vietnamese text can be entered (there is no difference between English and Vietnamese to VI„T.˙ English˙ is just˙ Vietnamese˙˙ with no accent˙ marks). Accented Vietnamese vowels are entered by first typing the vowel, then adding the accent marks. Example: ‡ is entered as O ű  The˙ special˙˙ Vietnamese˙ vowels˙ are˙ entered by repeating keystrokes, as follows: aa =  aaa =  ee =  oo =  ooo =  uu =  dd = ů (and likewise for capital letters,˙ but the second character need not be capitalized.˙ For example, both "AA"˙ and "Aa"˙ give " "). If you ever need to type repeated vowels,˙ such as˙ "soong," use the F6 function key. F6 repeats the character on the left of the cursor. For example, to get "soong", type "s o F6 n g". Accent˙ marks are entered˙ by depressing˙ the˙ CTRL key˙ and another˙ letter key at the same time.˙ ˙ The keys˙ for the accent marks are laid out in˙ an ergonomic˙ pattern˙˙ (the most commonly used marks˙ are˙ assigned to˙ the˙ most˙ easily reached keys)˙ as follows:   U O CTRL -   . J K L Example: To type "thuy¨n," use the following keystrokes: "t h u y e e CTRL-K n" NOTE:˙ Some keyboards are designed so that the˙ ALT key˙ is more easily reached than the CTRL key. VI„T has been designed to accept both. Whenever a CTRL key is called for, pressing the ALT key will work also. (Pressing F1 will pop up a help screen˙ to remind you of the keyboard layout and available commands. See section IV.) Lines˙ will wrap around as˙˙ soon as a˙ character is entered past the right margin.˙ Right justification can˙ be turned ON or OFF (see section III).˙ If a character is inserted in the middle of˙ the˙ line which˙ forces˙ the end of˙ the line past the˙ right margin,˙ a˙˙ break will˙ be inserted at the cursor˙ location˙˙ to accommodate further˙ insertions.˙˙ When˙ all˙˙ editing˙˙ on˙ the paragraph˙ has been completed,˙ CTRL-B can be˙ used to reform the paragraph (see section IV). SEE ALSO: "Fixing up unaccented text" (under ADVANCED FEATURES) 4. Cursor movements: Most of˙ VI„T's˙ cursor movement commands follow˙ WordStar's easy-to-remember and ergonomic design. The user can execute most commands without having to move his/her hands away from the˙ home row on the keyboard, resulting in very fast editing. The cursor can be moved to any area of the screen where text or spaces have˙ previously˙ been entered.˙ The cursor can not be moved˙ past˙˙ the˙ end˙ of the˙˙ file or to any blank area unless spaces,˙ tabs or carriage returns have previously been entered in those areas. The following is the lay-out of VI„T's cursor commands: Up Line Up Page E R Left Word Left Char. Right Char. Right Word CTRL - A S D F Down Line Down Page X C The arrow˙ keys˙ and PgUp,˙ PgDn of the separate numeric key pad are also˙ available and˙ are functionally identical˙ to CTRL- E, X, S, D, R and C. SEE ALSO:˙ ˙ CTRL-Q:˙ S,D,R,C for extended-range cursor movements (under SECOND-LEVEL COMMANDS, section III). 5. Deleting: The following simple delete commands are available: CTRL-G˙ (same as˙ the˙ Del key):˙ deletes the character under the cursor. CTRL-H (same as the BackSpace key): deletes the ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙character˙ to˙ the˙ left of the˙ cursor,˙ if˙ that ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙character is an accented vowel, the accent mark is ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙deleted first. CTRL-T: deletes to the beginning of the next word. SEE ALSO:˙ CTRL-Q:˙ T,˙ Y for line and˙ paragraph deletion (under SECOND-LEVEL COMMANDS, section III). III. SECOND-LEVEL COMMANDS The˙˙ following˙ are˙ two-keystroke commands.˙˙ ˙ The˙ first keystroke is a combination of the˙ CTRL˙ key and a letter key (Q, W,˙ or P).˙ This is followed by another letter key, as specified below.˙ If you would like to abort the command before the second key is entered, press ESC, space, or the backspace key. 1. The Quick (CTRL-Q) Commands: S (extends the range of CTRL-S): moves cursor to beginning ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙of line. D (extends the˙ range of CTRL-D):˙ moves cursor˙ to˙ end of ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙line. R (extends the range of CTRL-R):˙ moves˙ cursor to beginning ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ of file. C (extends the˙ range of CTRL-C):˙ ˙ moves˙ cursor to end of ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ file. T (extends the range of CTRL-T): deletes the current line. The following CTRL-Q˙ commands˙ allow you to move˙ or delete blocks of text. First, define the block by marking the first and last lines.˙ Then bring the˙ cursor to the location at which you want to insert˙ the block and˙ execute˙ the˙ block move.˙ ˙ Block deletion can be accomplished with the cursor anywhere. These˙˙ operations only˙ work on blocks of whole lines.˙ To move˙ a block which contains a partial line (by itself˙ or at the beginning or end of the block),˙ first use the carriage return to cut the˙ line,˙ move the block,˙ then˙ use CTRL-B to˙ reform˙ the paragraph.˙ Likewise, to insert a block in the middle of a line, first cut up that line using carriage return. B (Begin block): marks the first line of the block. E (End block): marks the last line of the block (may be the ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙same as the first line). M (Move block):˙ ˙˙ inserts˙˙ the marked˙˙ block˙ (from˙ the ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙beginning of the first line˙ to the˙ end˙ of the˙˙ last ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙line) at current line. All lines from the current line ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙are pushed down. Y (delete block): deletes the marked block. W (Write˙ block):˙ ˙ writes the marked block to a disk file. ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙VI„T will ask for a file name. If a file with the same ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙name already exists, it will be given the new extension ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙BAK (backup). Any previous file with the same name and ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙BAK extension will be deleted. NOTE:˙ While typing˙ in˙ a name,˙ if you˙ would˙ like to abort a command,˙ simply press ESC˙ (or backspace while the cursor is˙ on the first character's position). 2. The Work File Operations (CTRL-W) Commands: S (Save file): saves the file, then resumes editing. Every ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙time VI„T saves the file,˙ the old file (if˙ existed on ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙disk) is given the new extension BAK˙ (backup).˙ ˙ If a ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙file˙˙ with˙ the same˙˙ BAK˙ extension existed (from˙ a ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙previous save), it will be deleted. Q (Quit): quits without saving. X (save and eXit): saves the file, then exits program. L (Left margin):˙ allows user to set˙ the˙ left margin,˙ as ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙when indentation of whole paragraphs is required.˙ The ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙new˙ margin˙ only˙ applies˙˙˙ to˙˙ subsequent˙˙ actions ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙(including˙ subsequent˙ CTRL-B˙ commands).˙ For˙˙ page ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙centering˙ of˙ printer˙ output,˙ use˙ CTRL-P:˙˙ O (Page ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙Offset) instead. (Default = 1) R (Right˙ margin):˙ allows user to˙ set the right margin to ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙control˙˙ page width.˙˙ ˙˙˙ Note˙ that the margins˙ are ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙depicted by the˙ margin˙˙ bar at the top of the screen. ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙(Default = 65) Note: If you would like to abort a command while VI„T is waiting for˙ a number˙ to be entered (such as the margins,˙˙ page offset, etc.),˙˙ simply press ESC (or backspace˙ if the cursor is˙ on the first-digit position). J˙(Justify): toggles right justifying ON / OFF. When ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙justifying is ON, lines will end with a word flush with ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙the right margin (as in printed books). (Default = ON) P (save Parameters):˙ saves all parameters you have set for ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙future use. (More on this under ADVANCED FEATURES). I (Insert file):˙˙ reads an˙ external file˙˙ and inserts at ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙current line.˙˙˙ All lines from the˙ current line˙ are ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙pushed down. This command and its counterpart, CTRL-Q: ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙W,˙ allow the user to move blocks of text between files ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙or to copy a block to another location in the same file ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙(while leaving the original block˙ intact)˙ by˙ writing ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙the˙ block to a˙ temporary˙ file and˙ reading it˙ back. ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙WARNING:˙ the file to˙ be read in must be a legitimate ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙VI„T-format file (text file with fewer than˙ 78 letters ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙per line), or unpredictable errors may result. 3. The Print (CTRL-P) Commands: T˙ (Top˙ margin):˙ specifies˙ the˙ vertical˙ location˙ (row ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙number) of the first line of the printed page (6 rows = ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙1 inch).˙ You should adjust this and the bottom margin ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙to fit your printer's requirements. (Default = 1) B (Bottom margin):˙ specifies the vertical˙ location of the ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙last line of the printed page. (Default = 55) NOTE:˙˙ Some˙ printers have˙ trouble˙ with˙ dot˙ alignment˙ when printing˙ in˙˙ the top one inch of˙ the page.˙ If you˙ have this problem, adjust the top margin to avoid this area. L˙ (page Length):˙ specifies˙ the length˙˙ of each sheet of ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙printer paper (in number of lines,˙ 1 inch = 6˙ lines). ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙Must be less than 128. (Default = 66). N (page Numbering):˙ toggles page numbering ON / OFF. When ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙page numbering is ON,˙ a page number will be printed at ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙the bottom of the printed page.˙ (Default = ON) Note: ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙page numbers will˙ not be printed if the bottom margin ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙is set larger than page length minus 3. S (Starting page #): allows the user to set the page number ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙for the˙ first page of this file.˙ Subsequent printing ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙of this file (during the same editing session) will use ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙this number as the page number of the first page of the ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙file.˙ This is useful˙ when the user˙ is working on˙ a ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙long˙ document˙ which˙ has˙ been˙˙ broken into˙ several ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙shorter files (a recommended practice). Note that this ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙page number is not saved. (Default = 1) A (pAuse between pages):˙ toggles˙ a˙ flag which forces the ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙printer˙ to˙ pause between˙ pages˙ to allow the user to ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙feed paper manually. (Default = OFF) C˙(page number Column):˙˙ specifies the column on which the ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙page number will be printed. (Default = 32) O (page Offset):˙˙ this˙ offset˙ will be added˙ to the Left ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙Margin when the text is printed.˙ It should be used to ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙center the text on the print page. (Default = 3) NOTE:˙ ˙ If your˙ printer˙ has externally˙˙ switchable˙ standard/ compressed modes,˙ make sure it is powered˙ up on "standard"˙ for the DEFAULT page number position and page offset values to work. F˙ (change Font):˙ allows the user to switch to a different ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙printer font.˙ A˙˙ font name must be entered (Courier, ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙Palatino,˙ etc.).˙ ˙ This˙ new˙˙ font˙ will be used for ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙subsequent printing during the current editing session. ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙Use CTRL-W:˙ P˙ to save this font if˙ you would like to ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙use this font as the default˙ font˙ for future˙ editing ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙sessions. P (Print text):˙ prints the file being edited.˙ Allows you ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙to print the entire file or a specific number of pages. IV. MISCELLANEOUS: 1. On-screen Help: Pressing F1 will display a˙ summary of VI„T's commands.˙ The file HELP.SCR must be present for this command to work. 2.˙ Color: Pressing F2 will rotate you˙ through˙ 16˙ available˙ colors. (Default = 15) 3.˙ Message Display Time: F3 decreases˙ (and F4˙ increases)˙ the˙ time˙ VI„T will keep messages up on the˙ message line.˙ ˙ These should be˙ changed˙ to accommodate˙ your computer's speed˙ (or˙ your taste),˙ then saved with CTRL-W: P. A display time of 3 (default) is appropriate for an 8 MHz Turbo XT. 4. Inserting Carriage Return: CNTR-N will˙ insert a Carriage Return at the˙ current cursor location.˙ This is slightly different from typing the ENTER key. CNTR-N will leave the˙ cursor at the˙ current˙ location,˙ whereas hitting˙ the ENTER˙˙ key will bring the cursor˙ down˙ to the next line. 5. Paragraph Reform: CTRL-B will reformat a paragraph˙ (starting˙˙ at˙ the cursor position) to fit nicely within˙ the current margins.˙ Paragraphs are defined as being separated by one or more blank lines. Right justification will˙ apply if the˙ justify flag is ON (see CTRL-W: J).˙ The˙ justification˙ process˙ uses˙˙ priorities in inserting spaces (more spaces after˙ punctuation marks,˙ etc.),˙ but˙ where priorities are the same,˙ it will not˙ insert spaces in˙ the same locations every˙ time.˙ So if you are˙ not pleased with˙ the way VI„T has inserted spaces, try the command again. The result will be different. If you would like to preserve the current spacing of certain items (such˙ as a subparagraph heading),˙ place the cursor to the right of those items before executing CTRL-B. V. ADVANCED FEATURES AND INFORMATION: 1. Saving Parameters: Once˙ you˙ have˙ changed˙˙ VI„T's parameters˙˙ to˙ fit˙ your environment,˙ you can˙ save˙ these parameters for˙ future˙ use by executing CTRL-W:˙ P. These parameters are saved in a file named VIET.PAR.˙ When VI„T is first activated, it looks for this file. If this file exists, the parameters saved in it will be used. If not, the default values will be used. If the default values meet your needs, you do not have to excecute this command.˙ The saved parameters are: color,˙ left margin,˙ right margin, page offset, top margin, ˙˙˙˙˙bottom margin, page length, page number column, paging flag, ˙˙˙˙˙justify flag,˙ pausing flag,˙ default printer font,˙ and the ˙˙˙˙˙message display time. Please˙ do not˙ edit VIET.PAR˙ by˙ any˙ other˙ means,˙˙˙˙ as unexpected results may occur. 2. Fixing Up Unaccented Text: You can use VI„T to read in files previously created through other text editors,˙ as long as the file is a text file,˙ with no special˙ control characters˙˙ embedded (for example,˙ files which have been˙ created in the˙ WordStar non-document mode,˙ or having passed through electronic mail filters).˙ Furthermore, each line of the file must contain 77 characters or less. To add accent marks,˙ place the cursor to˙ the right of each vowel (as if˙ you˙ had˙ just˙ typed in the˙ vowel),˙ then add the accent marks as usual. 3. Using Different Fonts: You have been˙ provided˙ with three different˙ screen˙ fonts (SCRFONT.1,˙ SCRFONT.2, SCRFONT.3).˙ The font which VI„T uses is always SCRFONT.˙˙ To˙ select another font,˙ use the˙ DOS˙ "COPY" command˙ to copy the desired font over to SCRFONT.˙ For example, to select SCRFONT.2, type (from DOS): COPY SCRFONT.2 SCRFONT This new font will now be used by VI„T for screen display. Two printer˙ fonts˙ are˙ supplied˙ with VI„T:˙˙ COURIER˙ and PALATINO. COURIER is a typewriter font. PALATINO is heavier and resembles a book font.˙ The default printer font is COURIER. Change of˙ printer˙ font is˙ accomplished˙ inside VI„T using CTRL-P: F (see section III.3). This change is effective for all subsequent˙ printing˙ until you exit˙ VI„T˙˙ (or˙ until˙ you make another change).˙ This˙ font selection can also be saved through CTRL-W:˙ P (see section V.1).˙ At the next editing session, your saved printer font will be automatically loaded. 4. Maximum Length of File: The length of the file which you can edit using VI„T depends on˙ the˙ amount of free memory available to˙ VI„T.˙ Use the˙ DOS utility˙ CHKDSK to˙ find out how much free memory your system has before running VI„T.˙ This number usually does not change unless you˙ frequently˙ load in different memory-resident programs (such as Sidekick,˙˙˙ Superkey,˙ etc.).˙ ˙ The following table gives an estimate of the maximum number of pages you˙ can edit versus˙ the amount˙ of free˙ memory.˙ (Each page is assumed˙ to˙ be˙ 55 text lines.˙ If you˙ use shorter pages,˙ you can have correspondingly more pages.) FREE SYSTEM MEMORY (Bytes) ESTIMATED # OF PAGES PER FILE 580,000 90 538,000 82 410,000 56 203,000 14 This is adequate for almost all uses. If you are working on a long book, each chapter should be stored in a separate file for easier editing.˙ Then there is no limit to how long the book may be.˙ VI„T has provided˙ commands˙ for˙ transfering˙ text between files and for flexible page numbering for this purpose. VI. DISCLAIMER: Care has been taken˙ to make VI„T free of errors.˙ However, as with all software, some errors may go undetected.˙ The author shall not be held liable for any loss or damage caused by the use of this program. VII. COPYRIGHT: VI„T˙ is copyrighted.˙ However,˙ permission is granted˙ for non-commercial copying and distribution of VI„T,˙ version 1.5, as long˙ as the entire package (executable file,˙ manual,˙ etc.)˙ is distributed unmodified.˙ This permission does not˙ apply˙ to the packaging of˙˙ this program with any other product (contact˙˙ the author˙ for˙ such action).˙ ˙ The˙ author retains all˙ rights˙ of authorship. VIII. REGISTRATION: VI„T has been developed to serve the Vietnamese communities' writing needs and to encourage the use of the Vietnamese language outside Vietnam. To make the program accessible to˙ as many˙ as possible,˙ we have chosen the most basic and readily available equipment,˙ such as˙ CGA˙ capability˙ and˙ dot-matrix˙ printers.˙ ˙ This equipment selection in turn dictated some of our design.˙ However, we have adhered to the design principle of making VI„T easy to use. Most input commands and keystroke selections have been chosen to be as ergonomic as˙˙ possible,˙ requiring˙ the˙ least˙ time˙ and˙˙ hand movements to execute. If˙ you like VI„T˙ and would like to support the development of˙ a˙ more powerful word processor˙ with more advanced features, which also˙ supports more˙ advanced˙ hardware˙ (EGA,˙ VGA,˙ laser printers,˙ etc.) while retaining the same ergonomy, you may do so by becoming a˙ registered user˙ of VI„T.˙˙ ˙ Registering involves filling out the registration form in the˙ file "REGISTER.DOC"˙ to better˙ inform the author of your˙ needs,˙ and˙ sending the˙ form together with $15 to the address on VI„T's opening screen.˙ As a registered VI„T user, you will receive: 1.˙ Two˙ graphic,˙˙ interactive˙˙ programs˙˙˙ (SCDESIGN and PRDESIGN) which˙ will let˙ you modify VIET's screen˙ and˙ printer fonts, or create your own custom fonts. 2. A bound manual for VI„T and these 2 companion programs. 3. Corrected software if bugs are discovered. 4.˙ A 50%˙ discount˙ on˙ the purchase of the˙ new version of VI„T--or a free copy, sent automatically, if the new release will be distributed as shareware.