On this page, INFOPLUS displays how your RAM is being used. Total conventional memory: This is the type of memory typically used by DOS and programs. Free conventional memory: This is the amount of memory left after DOS, drivers, and TSRs take some. Extended memory: This is the amount of memory on a 286/386/486 that is above the 1 Meg mark. This may not be the total amount. Some programs that use extended memory subtract what they use, and report that to INFOPLUS. Also, programs such as QEMM and HIMEM.SYS will 'steal' all of it because they want to manage it in a way that allows different programs to share it. XMS driver: One of the major problems with extended memory is that there was no correct way of accessing it. There was a major problem programs interfering with each other. XMS stands for eXtended Memory Specification. It's a standard interface for programs to access extended memory. HMA stands for High Memory Area. On a 286/386/486, it's possible to access the first 64K of extended memory without going into a special CPU mode. Access to that area is done by enabling or disabling A20 (address line 20.) DOS 5 is capable of placing some of it's code and BUFFERS in the HMA. Infoplus tell you if it is using it, and how much is left over. The XMS driver also handles Upper Memory Blocks (UMBs). Infoplus will display if any area is available, and how big the largest block is. DPMI driver: With the growing complexity of programs, some need more than the normal 640K of memory to run. DPMI stands for DOS Protected Mode Interface. It allows programs to run in protected mode, yet still access regular DOS functions. It was introduced with Windows 3, and offers greater protection from interference by other programs than VCPI. DPMI is available on 286/386/486 computers. Expanded memory: Expanded memory was one of the first ways of getting more than 640K in a computer. It does this by taking the extra memory and breaking it up into 16K 'pages.' It puts up to 4 of these at a time in a 64K window in an unused area of memory accessible to the CPU (called the page frame.) Expanded memory is often called EMS (Expanded Memory Specification.) All EMS drivers have an internal driver name of EMMXXXX0. The latest specification is 4.0. Unfortunately, 4.0 requires some hardware specifics for FULL compliance. Many 4.0 drivers are not hardware compliant. Their hardware is in compliance with the older standard, numbered 3.2. Some EMS drivers also support VCPI (Virtual Control Program Interface.) This was the first standard to allow programs to run in protected mode, yet still access DOS functions. Unfortunately, it's too easy for programs to interfere with each other, or unncessarily block another VCPI program from working. VCPI is only available on 386/486 computers.