&GB_DOCS&\  2,SEQ formatted GEOS file V1.0: NX-1000C 2 PassևևȘe`&YDUAL TOP [ KBLASTER'S CONVERTER V2.1X  LW_Barrows V ;1) NX-1000C 2 Pass) [ AWrite Image V2.0geoWrite V2.1"  ...To print correctly, you must use LW_ROMA and LW_BARROWS!!! -ALS" `(@1ʎsAڢ9 V&>>'8  geoBasic Reference Guide A scaled-down version of the @geoBasic Programming Manual  by ALS LS ming Manual  by ALS  "01@geoBasic  The BASIC programming language for GEOS C-64/128 users. geoBasic software (c) 1990 Berkeley Softworks. Portions of the geoBasic manual (c) 1990 Berkeley Softworks. Changes and enhancements to the manual (c) 1990 RUN Magazine. geoBasic and GEOS are trademarks of Berkeley Softworks. IDG Communications/Petersborough, Inc. has licensed geoBasic from Berkeley Softworks. geoBasic runs in C-64 mode (40 cols) on the C-64/128. This manual and software are copyrighted with all rights reserved. No part of this manual or software may be copied, reproduced or translated without the prior written consent of RUN or Berkeley Softworks. In other words, you have absolutely no idea where you got this! :) ALS  * Foreword : This mini-manual assumes knowledge of GEOS and the GEOS interface. All terms used in this mini-manual can be found in the GEOS User's Guide, which accompanied your GEOS system...   2GEƈ`H?HCH (P1@The geoBasic Editor (P Text and Entry Modes  The first screen you see when you start geoBasic is the editor text screen.The flashing box is the cursor, and whatever you type is placed on the screen at the cursor's position. Once you have finished a line of BASIC text, press [RETURN] to enter it. There are two modes of text entry : overstrike and insert. When you are in insert mode, the cursor will become a solid block to indicate the change in mode. The maximum size of one line of geoBasic commands is 240 characters (6 lines) as opposed to BASIC V2.0's 80 characters (2 lines). Moving Around the Keyboard  [SHIFT] + [INST/DEL] : Toggle Insert/Overwrite Mode Cursor Keys : Move around the editor screen [HOME] : To move the cursor to the top left of the screen. [DEL] : Erases the character preceding the cursor [C=] + [DEL] : Erase the line the cursor is on. [CTRL] + I : Tab [SHIFT] + [HOME/CLR] : Clear the screen. Mouse Click on Editor Screen : Move cursor to that position (P@The geoBasic Menus (P GEOS  geoBasic Info : Author's name and copyright information.  FILE  close : Saves your program to disk, returning you to the initial dialog box. update : DO NOT USE! This command corrupts your geoBasic file!!! Use RUN to save, then hit [RUN/STOP] to return to the editor. rename : Rename your geoBasic file print : Print a complete listing to the printer. quit : Saves the current file, and return to the deskTop. offJ*P J*P J*P  `m- IIPIF  h© ` #0^ 0dI= J m10N(P0Edit  list : This item lists the current program on the screen. Use F5 to start/stop/continue scrolling. To break, press [RUN/STOP]. This has the same effect as typing LIST in the text window. sprcol : Allows you to choose two sprite colors for each sprite. Options  run : Runs your program. It has the same effect as typing RUN in the edit window. renumber : Renumber your program.The number you enter will set the first line number, and the increment between line numbers. Renumber ignores line numbers following GOTO and GOSUB, so it's a good idea to use labels for branching instead. resize : Resize changes the heap size for your program. make appl : The turns a geoBasic program into a stand-alone executable file. Once created, the only way to edit it again is to use geoStripper to recreate the geoBasic source code. NOTE : geoStripper will not create geoBasic source code for NON-GEOBASIC applications. Utilities  menu : activate the Menu Editor dialog : activate the Dialog Box Editor icon : activate the Icon List Editor bitmap : activates the Bitmap Editor sprite : activate the Sprite Editor (P@Elements of geoBasic (PLine Numbers and Labels  Each line in a geoBasic program must begin with a line number. Ex : 10 PRINT "Hello There" 20 FOR X = 1 TO 10 25 PRINT X 30 NEXT X  Labels provide a way to give a name to a line. While it is still necessary to give a line number with a label, the line can then be referenced when using GOTO or GOSUB. Labels must be the first command of the line, immediately after the line numbe  h© ` #0^ 0dI= J m10N(Pnumber itself. The label must be preceded by an "@" sign, and only the first six letters are significant. Labels are case-sensitive, @START is not the same as @Start. Labels may not be declared more than once. If you use a label more than once, a LABEL REDEFINED error will occur. Always delete the first occurence of a label before changing it's location. The total number of labels cannot exceed 127. Ex : 10 @Start:PRINT "Hello" 20 FOR X = 1 TO 10 30 PRINT SIN (X) 40 NEXT X 50 GOTO @Start Variables  A variable name can be any length, but only the first three characters are significant. (P@geoBasic Commands (P Terminology ARGUMENTS, also called parameters, can include filenames, variables, line numbers, expressions and math operations. SQUARE BRACKETS [ ] show arguments which are optional. You may select any (or none) of the arguments shown. ANGLE BRACKETS <> indicate that you MUST choose one of the arguments shown. A VERTICAL BAR | separates items in a list of arguments. ELLIPSIS ... A sequence of three dots means an argument may be repeated more than once. QUOTATION MARKS "" surround character strings, filenames, and types of arguments. When an argument is enclosed in quotation marks, quotation marks must be included in the command. (P PARENTHESES () When arguments are enclosed in parentheses, the parentheses must be include(P0 PARENTHESES () When arguments are enclosed in parentheses, the parentheses must be included in the command. VARIABLE refers to any variable BASIC name (Y, Z$, Q%, etc.) EXPR refers to any valid numeric expression, such as R*(4/T), etc. STRING refers to any string constant, variable, or expression. Command Reference ABS FORMAT : ABS () This function returns the absolute value of an expression. Ex : 10 X=-2:Y=3 20 PRINT X, ABS (X), Y, ABS (Y)  would print -2, 2, 3, 3  AND  FORMAT : AND The AND operator has two functions. As a BOOLEAN operator, and to test the truth of two expressions. Ex: 10 X=9 AND 7:PRINT X 20 IF X=1 AND X<10 THEN PRINT "TRUE"  This would print 1, TRUE. In binary :  9 : 1001 AND 7 : 0111 1 : 0001  When a statement evaluates to FALSE, a 0 is assigned to the result, and if the statement evaluates to TRUE, the value of -1 is assigned to the result. Your program can determine the numerical value that the expression evaluates to by equating the expression to a variable : Ex. 10 X=10:Y=20 (P 20 RES1=(X=20) 30 RES2=(X=10) AND (Y=20) ses, the parentheses mus(P0 Ex. 10 X=10:Y=20 20 RES1=(X=20) 30 RES2=(X=10) AND (Y=20)  APPEND ASC ATN BITMAP BUTTON CALL CHR$ CHKPT CLS COLRECT COS DATA DBFILE DBSTRN DEF FN DELETE DELPROC DIALOG DIM DPEEK DPOKE DREAD END EOF (0) EXP FN FONT FOR...TO...[STEP]...NEXT FRE T FRE FRE (PGET GOSUB/RETURN  20 RES1=(X=20) 30 RES2=(X=10) AND (Y=20)  APPEND ASC ATN BITMAP BUTTON CALL CHR$ CLOSE CLS COLRECT COS CREATE DATA DBFILE DBSTRN DEF FN DEL(P0FRECT GET GOSUB/RETURN GOTO ICON IF...THEN... INPUT INT INVRECT LEFT$ LEN LINE LIST LOAD LOG MAINLOOP MENU MID$ MOUSE MOUSEIN MOUSEX MOUSEY NEWPAGE NOT ON ONERR OPEN OR PATTERN PEEK POINT POKE (PPRASCII PRINT PRNTER PROCESS PROMPT PRSCREEN PTREC RDBYTE READ RECT REDRAW REM REPEAT..UNTIL RESTORE RIGHT$ RND RUN SAVE SETCOL SETPOS SGN SIN SOUND SPC SPRCOL SPRITE SPRT SQR STR$ SYSINFO TAB TAN USR VAL READ END EOF ( DATA DBFILE DBSTRN DEF FN DEL(PPRNTER PROCESS PROMPT PRSCREEN READ RECT REDRAW REM REPEAT..UNTIL RESTORE RIGHT$ RND RUN SAVE SETCOL SETPOS SGN SIN SOUND SPC SPRCOL SPRITE SPRT SQR STR$ SYSINFO TAB TAN USR VAL VOICE WHILE...LOOP (PWINDOW WRITE XPOS YPOS  N PTREC RDBYTE READ RECT REDRAW REM REPEAT..UNTIL RESTORE RIGHT$ RND RUN SAVE SETCOL SETPOS SGN SIN SOUND SPC SPRCOL SPRITE SPRT SQR STR$ SYSINFO TAB TAN USR VAL (PVA DBFILE DBSTRN DEF FN DEL(PXPOS YPOS (P@Disk and File Programming Commands (P CREATE OPEN CLOSE HEADER PTREC APPEND INSERT DREAD RDBYTE WRITE EOF (0) (P @The geo(P1@The geoBasic Utility Programs (P The Menu Editor The Bitmap Utility Dialog Box Editor Icon List Utility Sprite Editor (P@The geoBasic Debugger (P Expressions/Breakpoints Debug Modes Errors The Menu Editor PEAT..UNTIL RESTORE RIGHT$ RND RUN SAVE SETCOL SETPOS SGN SIN SOUND SPC SPRCOL SPRITE SPRT SQR STR$ SYSINFO TAB TAN USR VAL (PVA DBFILE DBSTRN DEF FN DELgeoBasic Reference Guide - ALS              AErase the disk in drive   PAGE