                     ADDITIONAL/REPLACEMENT HARD DISKS
                                    for
                        CP/M KAYPROS WITH TURBOROM


The Advent TurboROM allows any CP/M Kaypro (except Robie) to use up to two
Hard Disks of up to 56 Mb (formatted) each.  Adding a hard disk is not
difficult and does not require a great deal of technical knowledge.  It
does require care and reasonable manual dexterity.   Some situations
require the use of tools other than simple screw drivers and these will be
outlined later.


The components required to interface a hard disk are as follows:

a)      Host Adaptor or Clock.  This special circuit board plugs into the
Z-80 socket on the main circuit board and provides a 40 pin connector to
which a Western Digital WD-1002-HDO (or -05) hard disk controller can be
connected.  A Kaypro 10 has the interface for the WD-1002-HDO built-in and
the host adaptor is not needed unless an Advent RAM disk is also being used.

b)      A hard disk controller.  THe only controllers supported by the
TurboROM is the WD-1002-HDO (and the WD-1002-05 which is the same
controller with a floppy controller also on the board).  A Kaypro 10
already has this controller mounted on the side of the floppy disk housing.

c)      Hard Disk(s).  Any drive which supports the Seagate 506 interface
can be used.  (In fact some drives with Seagate 412 interface can be used
but you should know what you are doing before you embark on this.)

d)      Power Cables.  The Hard disk controller requires 5 volts at about
1.4 amps.  The Hard disk requires 5 volts and 12 volts, the actual power
required depends on the drive chosen.  The standard method of providing
power for an internal installation is to use 'Y' cables which are plugged
into an existing disk power outlet and provide one additional outlet.

e)      Signal cables.  The WD Controller is connected to the host adapter
via a 40 conductor cable with a socket on each end (it may have up to two
additional sockets for RAM disks).  It is recommended that this cable be
limited to 3 feet or less.   Each hard disk is connected to the controller
via a 20 conductor radial cable.  The controller has a plug for each radial
cable.  All hard disks are connected to a main daisy chained 34 conductor
select cable.  Both the radial and select cables can, if correctly
terminated, be extended for a considerable distance (up to 15 feet) without
any problem.

RECOMMENDED HARD DRIVES

Many drives will work.  However, if you are purchasing a new drive you
should look for the following features.

a)      Low Power.  This is particularly important if you are considering
mounting the drive internally.  A Kaypro 10 can usually support up to two
half high drives or one modern full high drive.  Some older full high
drives are beyond the capabilities of the power supply (and cooling fan).

b)      Quiet operation.

c)      The number of heads is preferably 2,4,8 rather than 3,5,6,7. This
improves performance.  Other things being equal, a 20 Mb drive of 8 heads
and 306 cylinders will perform better than a 20 MB drive of 4 heads and 612
cylinders.  However, for characteristic (a) above the Seagate ST225 is
still a desirable drive as half high 8 head drives are rare or non-existant.

Plu*Perfect Systems supplies the following drive types:

1)      Rodime RO252.  This is an 11 Mb half height drive.  Actually it is
a 3.5 inch drive that has been mounted in a 5.25 inch frame and
incorporates liberal shock mounting.  It is also low power, quiet and reliable.
2)      Seagate ST225.  This is a 22 Mb half height drive.  It is also low
power, quiet and reliable.  It does not have special shock mounting but does
have specifications similar to the Rodime ( 40G non-operational and 10G
operational).  This drive is excellent for adding (or replacing) a Kaypro
10 drive,  external mounting on any machine and for a Kaypro II/4 that is
NOT portable it can be mounted internally.

Many other drives have been used successfully, including Ampex, big Rodime,
Atasi, Shugart SA604, SA712 etc, though most of these have been in external
enclosures. In some cases it has been necessary to replace the Kaypro power
supply when drives are internally mounted.

We specifically do not recommend MicroScience drives.  These will work with
the 84 TurboROMs (which supports both 512 and 1024 byte per sector formats)
but will have less capacity than other similar drives.  These drives cannot
be reliably formatted to 1024 byte sectors and are thus not supported by
the 83 Roms (which only supports a 1024 bytes/sector format).

CONNECTING THE DRIVE

Hard drives are similar to floppy drives in that they have to be configured
for the application.  The two user settable options are

a) Terminating Resistor - only one of the two drives can have a resistor
installed.  You should consult the drive manual for the location of this
option. If you are adding a drive to a Kaypro 10 the present drive will
already have a resistor pack installed.  All drives purchased from
Plu*Perfect Systems have the terminating resistors installed, these must be
removed if the drive is to be used in multiple drive system.

Note that the drive manufacturers all recommend that the drive with the
termination should that which is electrically most distant from the
controller.  With internal mounting in a Kaypro this is not a problem, but
if long cables are being usd from the drive to the controller this must be
done correctly.

b) Drive Select Jumper - each drive must be set to select at a different
address.  On the TurboROM, the drives must be configured as either drive 1
or 2.  (Note that drive manufacturers are not consistent about how they
number their select options.  Some use DS0,DS1,DS2,DS3  and others
DS1,DS2,DS3,DS4  -- our terminology refers to 0,1,2,3.)  All drives
purchased from Plu*Perfect Systems with a Hard Disk Controller are
formatted using that controller before being shipped, so they are set up
correctly for use in asingle drvie system.  The Rodime drives which are
purchased without a controller are shipped with DS0 selected and must be
changed before use.  The Seagate drive without a controller has all 4
select jumpers installed, 3 of these must be removed before use (see manual
excerpts included with the drive).

Note that MicroScience drives used in many Kaypro 10's use a DIP switch for
both select and termination.  However, there are two variants and you
should have reliable data before modifying the switch settings.  

c) Power Connection -  Hard disk drives require both 5 and 12 volts.  This
is connected via a 3 or 4 wire cable which has a white nylon plug.  This
plug is keyed so it cannot be inserted incorrectly into the drive.  Where
the power is being derived from the Kaypro we usually use 'Y' connectors to
expand the number of available outlets.  Be especially careful on a Kaypro
10 because the power connector to the hard disk controller only provides 5
volts and cannot be used as a source of power for a drive.  (It is useful
for RAM disk power however.)  On 84 machines the same wiring harness was
used as on the Kaypro 10 and thus there is often this spare 5 volt only
connector available which can be used to power your controller.  

d) Select Cable -  All hard drives are connected in parallel to the
controller via a 34 conductor cable.  On the drive end the card edge
(connector) is usually slotted near the end nearest pin 1.  You generally
will need to examine the legend silk screened on the circuit board to
determine which side has the odd numbered pins.  Pin 1 on the cable is
usually marked with some identifying mark and is on the edge with the cable
stripe.  At the controller end pin one of the 34 pin plug is clearly marked
with either a '1' or '^'.  

e) Radial Cable - Each hard drive is connected to the controller via its
own 20 conductor radial cable.  The pin and cable markings are the same as
outlined above for the select cable.   Physical drive 1 (DS1) should
connect to J2 of the controller and physical drive 2 (DS2) should connect
to J3 of the controller.  On modern versions of the WD 1002 this is no
problem.  On older revisions there is often a problem (on some boards the
plugs were J1 J2 J3  and on others J3 J2 J1) with physically getting the
radial cable connector over plug J3.  Western Digital had a layout error
which had placed plug J3 too close to the power connector.  To resolve this
requires some patience and care.  We have found that a stiff backed razor
blade (be very careful) can be used to remove much of the power connector
plastic housing, then gently use a file to remove as much of the material
from the connector on the radial cable without destroying its mechanical
integrity.

MOUNTING THE DRIVE

A. Kaypro 10

The Kaypro 10 is in principal the simplest installation.  However, if you
are adding a second half height drive internally you must completely
disassemble the disk drive enclosure/shock mount and drill mounting holes
for the second drive.  In some cases it may be advisable to drill new holes
for the original drive.  When jumpering the drive selects you should always
make the drive that is slowest to start in position 1 or the TurboROM may
not sense its presence.

It is a good idea if adding a second drive, to make some provision for
displaying the 'select' light.  Some people have simply drilled another
hole in the front panel for and appropriate bezel.  Others have gone to
some trouble to obtain a red/green LED for mounting in the existing hole.

B. Kaypro II/2 and 4 '83

These machines have a disk enclosure which is large enough for 2 full
height or 4 half height drives.   These machines also have marginal power
supplies.  If you are adding an internal hard drive you may be faced with
replacing the power supply, this is hard to predict in advance due to the
great variability in the supplies used by Kaypro.  For example, we are
currently running a 2 '83 with (2) Mitsibushi 96 tpi floppies, (1) Shugart
48 tpi floppy, (1) Rodime RO252 hard disk, 1 Mb of RAM disk.  This is
is however getting very near the limits of this individual power supply and
we will probably replace it in the near future just to be conservative.  We
have also run an ST 225 hard disk and a standard Tandon floppy drive in
another 2 '83 with no signs of power supply distress.   On the other hand a
4'83 we converted suffered power supply overload with a single Tandon
floppy and Rodime hard disk.

Physically mounting either a Rodime or a Seagate in these machines is
simple.  We recommend mounting in the bottom position where no holes
require drilling and some air flow is available fro mthe bottom slots. 
Both the Rodime and Seagate use #6 screws for mounting, be careful of using
long screws that either bottom out in the Rodime or interfere with the case
on the Seagate.  Do not permanently mount the drive if you are going to use
a blanking plate to fill the panel hole above the drive.

If you are using a half height blanking plate to fill the space above these
drives, the recommended mounting procedure is as follows.

1/ With the drive temporarily in position slide the blanking plate into
postion above it.

2/ The securing latches on the side will prevent it from completely going
into position.  Use a marker to mark on the inside of the drive housing the
position of these latches.

3/ Now dismount all drives and remove the drive enclosure.

4/ Using a small file, notch the front of the enclosure in a position
corresponding to these latches.  Make the notches deep enoungh to clear the
back of the latches.

5/ Reassemble the drive enclosure.

6/ Mount the hard drive permanently.  It is a good idea to connect the
cables to the drive at this point when the rest of the enclosure is empty.

7/ Slip the blanking plate into position.  It has to be bent gently in the
middle so that the side latches can get past the front panel.  When the
bend is released it will snap securely into position.

8/ Now mount the floppy drive(s).


C Kaypro 2 and 4 '84

These machines have half height floppy drive cutouts and the same power
supply as a Kaypro 10.  When mounting a hard drive in these machines the
simplest is to replace the bottom floppy drive.  Howver, if you wish to
retain two floppy drives some mechanical work is required.

1/ Replacing a floppy.

If you are replacing a floppy with a ST225 then it is slipped in from the
front exactly as a floppy drive would be.  The RO 252 is more complicated
due to the depth of the drive.  The Rodime face plate should be remove by
undoing the two Allen headed screws.  The drive can then be slipped in from
the rear (it is a good idea to attach the power and signal cables to the
drive before this is done).  Now slipp the drive forward so that the face
plate mounting holes stick out through the front panel.  Reattach the face
plate and then slip the drive back and secure it in the normal manner.

If you remove the old 'B' drive remember to move the terminating resistor
pack up to the A drive.  If you are not going to use the Advent Personality
decoder it is a good idea to jumper the remaining drive as both DS0,DS1 so
thatthe two drives that appear to be present to the ROM actually can be
addressed.  This will save some agravation when using TURBOCPY, though
remember that you really only have one floppy and cannot use the copy option.

2/ Adding a Hard Drive.

You can either cutout the metal part of the panel between the two drives
and slip the drive in from the front or blind mount the drive without a
face plate behind the front panel.  Blind mounting is much more difficult
as the space between the floppy drives is very tight.

Do not attempt the metalwork required to cut out the front panel unless you
are a reasonably competent craftsman or you will cosmetically scar your
Kaypro for life.

1/ Remove both floppy drives.

2/ Carefully remove the sheet metal between the drive holes using a fine
hacksaw.  Cut on the interior of final opening so that the hole can be
trimmed up with a file later.

3/  Now position both floppy drives to the top of the opening and mark the
holes needed to mount the bottom floppy drive in this position.

4/ Check that the existing mounting holes in the bottom position are in the
appropriate positon for mounting the hard drive.  If not mark any
corrections needed.

5/ Remove the complete drive enclosure to drill the holes.  Make them
slightly oversize so that fine adjustment of drive positon is possible.

6/ Reassemble the enclosure and now mount the hard drive in the bottom
position. As above it is a good idea to connect its cables before mounting
the floppy drives.

7/ Now mount the floppy drives.  Beware of some brands of drive that can
interfere with adjacent drive when the locking handle is in some positions.
Double check that there is no interference between the any of the drives.


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